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All Journal Outline Journal of Community Development International Journal for Advanced Research
Chairus Suryati
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Journal : International Journal for Advanced Research

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Smart Contracts and Virtual Property Disputes in the International Metaverse Economy salim; Arif; Junaidi Lubis; Chairus Suryati; Bambang Sutejo; Irma Herliza Rizki
International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 1: June 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/2zz3b072

Abstract

The rapid advancement of blockchain technology and the emergence of the metaverse as a cross-border digital economy have triggered new legal challenges, particularly concerning smart contracts and virtual property disputes. Smart contracts—self-executing agreements coded on blockchain—offer efficiency and transparency but raise critical questions about legal validity, jurisdiction, and dispute resolution when conflicts arise between parties from different countries. In the context of virtual ownership such as digital land, NFTs, and in-world assets, diverging national legal systems complicate the enforcement of rights over virtual property. This study analyzes how smart contracts are utilized in virtual property transactions and examines the evolving international legal approaches to disputes arising from such agreements. The research highlights the urgent need for an adaptive global legal framework, cross-jurisdictional recognition of digital rights, and the role of blockchain-based arbitration bodies as alternatives to traditional dispute resolution. It also explores the relevance of traditional contract law principles in decentralized virtual environments and the regulatory challenges related to digital identity and evidentiary standards. With a multidisciplinary approach, this abstract offers insights into the importance of legal harmonization and international collaboration in supporting a fair, predictable, and legally secure metaverse ecosystem.
Legal Protection for Fintech Consumers Trapped in Debt Due to High Interest (Illegal Loans) Chairus Suryati; Debi Masri; Leni Indrayani; Juliya Maria; Sattar Rasul
International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 1: June 2025
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/m0wm7x59

Abstract

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) has increased public access to financial services, especially through online lending platforms. However, this advancement also brings significant legal challenges, particularly in consumer protection. Many individuals have become trapped in debt due to exorbitant interest rates imposed by illegal lenders operating without official licenses and often engaging in abusive collection practices. This research aims to analyze the legal protection available to fintech consumers victimized by illegal high-interest lending and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations, including POJK 77/2016 and other consumer protection frameworks. The study employs a normative juridical approach with qualitative analysis of legislation, court decisions, and case studies. The findings reveal that the current legal framework is insufficient in providing both preventive and repressive protection for consumers. Weak oversight of illegal fintech operators and low financial literacy among the public are key factors behind the ineffectiveness of consumer protection. Regulatory reform, stricter law enforcement, and public education are urgently needed to ensure comprehensive protection for fintech consumers.
Co-Authors arif Bambang Sutejo, Bambang Debi Masri Irma Herliza Rizki Juliya Maria Junaidi Lubis Leni Indrayani M. Salim Melky Suhery Simamora Salim Sattar Rasul