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All Journal Jurnal Media Gizi Indonesia (MGI) Amerta Nutrition
Zulfa, Fairuz
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other

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Pengaruh Kefir Susu Kambing Terfortifikasi Vitamin D3 terhadap Kadar hs-CRP Tikus Rattus Norvegicus DM Tipe 2: Studi Eksperimental: The Effect of Vitamin D3-Fortified Goat Milk Kefir on hs-CRP Levels of Type 2 Diabetic Rattus Norvegicus Rats: An Experimental Study Zulfa, Fairuz; Utomo, Astika Widy; Ardiaria, Martha; Syauqy, Ahmad; Purwanti, Rachma; Ernalia, Yanti; Masha, Tania; Maharani, Mutiara Irma; Faradina, Amelia; Panunggal, Binar
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): AMERTA NUTRITION (Bilingual Edition)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v9i4.2025.667-678

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes are linked to the synthesis of the inflammatory biomarker hs-CRP. Goat milk kefir and vitamin D have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: Aimed to evaluate the impact of goat milk kefir fortified with vitamin D3 on hs-CRP levels of diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-one male Rattus norvegicus rats were randomly divided into four groups for a 35-day study: Control (C), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), unfortified goat milk kefir treatment (P1), and vitamin D3-enriched goat milk kefir treatment (P2). Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 65 mg/kg BW and nicotinamide (NA) at 230 mg/kg BW. Goat milk kefir was administered orally at 2 mL/200 g BW/day, with the fortified version containing 600 IU of vitamin D3 per 100 mL. Fasting blood glucose levels and serum hs-CRP were measured pre- and post-intervention using the GOD-PAP and ELISA methods, respectively. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate methods in GraphPad Prism 8. Results: There was a statistically insignificant decrease in hs-CRP levels in the P2 group (p-value=0.21) and in the P1 group (p-value=0.63), suggesting limited impact on inflammation. However, there was a statistically significant drop in blood glucose levels in the P2 group (∆FBG -65.50±35.44 mg/dL, p-value=0.03) and in the P1 group (∆FBG -81.63±50.07 mg/dL, p-value=0.05). Conclusions: The reduction in hs-CRP levels indicates that vitamin D3-fortified kefir may help modulate low-grade inflammation and shows promise in managing diabetes. Future research should examine dose, duration, and sample size for better efficacy assessment.
Nutritional Value of Cheese Stick Substituted with Fish Protein Hydrolysate as an Alternative Snack for School-Aged Children Zulfa, Fairuz; Syauqy, Ahmad; Anjani, Gemala; Ayustaningwarno, Fitriyono; Rusyanto, Widya; Afifah, Diana Nur
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i1.41-51

Abstract

The health of primary school-aged children is a vital component of national development and is significantly influenced by adequate protein intake. This study aimed to create a nutritious cheese stick snack by replacing wheat flour with fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) flour. This experimental study used a completely randomized design with three formulations: F1 (59% wheat flour: 41% FPH flour), F2 (54% wheat flour: 46% FPH flour), and F3 (48% wheat flour: 52% FPH flour). The ingredients include wheat flour, FPH flour, soy protein isolate, margarine, cheddar cheese, and water. Nutritional, chemical, and amino acid profiles were analyzed using standard methods (Kjeldahl, Soxhlet, and HPLC), and statistical analysis was conducted using One-Way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests. The results indicated that formulation F3 had the highest levels of amino acids, including glutamate (19,375.6 mg/kg), aspartate (6,663.8 mg/kg), and leucine (5,992.2 mg/kg), all of which were statistically significant (p<0.05). However, the total protein content was not significantly different (p=0.399). Additionally, F3 had the lowest fat content (26.3%) and highest moisture level (7.8%), which may have affected the texture of the product. These findings suggest that F3 is the most nutritionally advantageous formulation and could serve as a healthy snack option for school-aged children. Future studies are recommended to optimize the product texture and structure through adjustments in formulation and processing methods, as well as to assess consumer acceptability for potential commercialization.
Co-Authors Ahmad Syauqy Anjani, Gemala Astika Widy Utomo, Astika Widy Binar Panunggal Diana Nur Afifah, Diana Nur Faradina, Amelia Fitriyono Ayustaningwarno Maharani, Mutiara Irma MARTHA ARDIARIA Masha, Tania Rachma Purwanti Rusyanto, Widya Yanti Ernalia