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Annas Salleh
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Oil-Adjuvanted Polyvalent Formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila Vaccine Enhances Agglutinating Antibodies, Respiratory Burst, and Survival in Giant Gourami Rozi; Wiwiek Tyasningsih; Jola Rahmahani; Eduardus Bimo Aksono; Muchammad Yunus; Mohammad Anam Al-Arif; Suryo Kuncorojakti; Daruti Dinda Nindarwi; Putri Desi Wulan Sari; Nina Nurmalia Dewi; Woro Hastuti Satyantini; Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti; Dita Wisudyawati; Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai; Annas Salleh; Gazali Salim; Suwarno, Suwarno
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v18i1.82866

Abstract

Graphical Abstract  Highlight Research Adjuvanted polyvalent FKC elicited the strongest and most sustained multi-arm immune response in Osphronemus goramy compared with monovalent and non-adjuvanted vaccines. The lead formulation combined high agglutinating antibody titres with enhanced NBT respiratory burst, indicating synergistic humoral–innate activation against Aeromonas hydrophila. Polyvalent vaccines did not dilute immunogenicity; instead, strain combination plus adjuvant broadened and amplified immune responsiveness. Longitudinal profiling of il-1β and ifn-γ revealed a stable pro-inflammatory/Th1-like cytokine signature uniquely associated with the adjuvanted polyvalent FKC. The integrated immunological “fingerprint” supports the adjuvanted polyvalent FKC as a rational lead candidate for motile Aeromonas septicaemia control in warm-water gourami aquaculture.   Abstract Motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS), predominantly associated with Aeromonas hydrophila, remains a major constraint in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) aquaculture. This study evaluated formalin-inactivated A. hydrophila vaccines prepared from MAS-associated field isolates, comparing a monovalent formulation (P2), a non-adjuvanted polyvalent formulation (P3), and an oil-adjuvanted polyvalent formulation (P4) against PBS controls (P1). A total of 240 fish were used (60 per treatment) and assigned to two parallel cohorts (immunology and survival/challenge). Immune endpoints (agglutinating titres, NBT activity, and splenic il-1β and ifn-γ transcription) were assessed on days 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42 post-vaccination. The survival cohort was challenged intraperitoneally at day 21 with a homologous A. hydrophila strain and monitored for 14 days post-challenge. Vaccination was clinically well tolerated and improved survival relative to controls, with P4 showing the highest protection (RPS 81.8%). Agglutinating titres differed by treatment and time; at the peak sampling point (day 35), mean titres in P4 were ~200-fold higher than in P1, and model contrasts indicated significant differences versus controls (p<0.001). Splenic il-1β and ifn-γ transcript levels were higher in vaccinated groups than in controls at later time points. These findings support further evaluation of an oil-adjuvanted polyvalent inactivated A. hydrophila vaccine for gourami, including dose optimisation, extended safety assessment, heterologous challenge, and field validation.
Chlorella vulgaris-supplemented Diet Enhances Growth, Immunity, and Survival in Red Hybrid Tilapia Aslah Mohamad; Syafiq-Aizat Hamid; Mohamad Azzam-Sayuti; Khozirah Shaari; Annas Salleh; Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin; Woro Hastuti Satyantini; Md Yasin, Ina Salwany
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v18i1.81592

Abstract

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research 1. Dietary supplementation with Chlorella vulgaris at 2.5% significantly enhanced tilapia growth rate, final body weight, and feed conversion ratio. 2. Tilapia fed with the C. vulgaris-enriched diet showed higher survival rates following bacterial challenges with Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila. 3. C. vulgaris-enriched diet upregulated the expression of key immune-related genes (MHC-I, MHC-II, C-type lysozyme, TNF-α, and IL-1β), indicating activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. 4. Microalgae, C. vulgaris, functions as both a growth promoter and immunostimulant in tilapia, offering a sustainable, antibiotic-free strategy to enhance fish health and productivity in aquaculture.   Abstract Microalgae are increasingly explored as feed additives in aquaculture due to their potential benefits for fish health.  This study evaluated the effects of a microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris-supplemented diet on the growth performance, immune-related gene expression, histopathology, and protective efficacy of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) following intraperitoneal injection with Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 330 red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp. were assigned to two groups: a control group fed a commercial diet (Group 1) and a treatment group receiving a diet supplemented with 2.5% C. vulgaris (Group 2) for seven weeks. Fish in the treatment group exhibited significantly higher growth rates than those in the control group. Moreover, the relative percentage survival (RPS) post-infection with S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila was 68.89 ± 1.52% and 88.89 ± 3.00%, respectively, significantly higher than in the control group (28.89 ± 0.57% and 40.00 ± 1.00%, respectively). Notably, fish fed the microalgae-supplemented diet displayed a higher expression of immune-related genes and exhibited reduced lesion severity across examined organs, indicating enhanced resistance to infection. These findings show that dietary C. vulgaris improves growth, boosts immune function, and enhances disease resistance in red hybrid tilapia, supporting its use as a sustainable functional feed ingredient. This highlights strong potential for commercial adoption, and future research should refine optimal inclusion levels and evaluate performance under real farm conditions.
Co-Authors Aksono HP., Eduardus Bimo Al arif, Mohammad Anam Aslah Mohamad Daruti Dinda Nindarwi Dewi, Nina Nurmalia Dita Wisudyawati Gazali Salim Khozirah Shaari Kuncorojakti, Suryo Md Yasin, Ina Salwany Mohamad Azzam-Sayuti Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai Muchammad Yunus Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin Putri Desi Wulan Sari Rahmahani, Jola Rozi Santanumurti, Muhammad Browijoyo Suwarno Suwarno Syafiq-Aizat Hamid Wiwiek Tyasningsih Woro Hastuti Setyantini