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All Journal Infotech: Jurnal Informatika & Teknologi Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Knowledge on Sustainability, Longevity, and Interdisciplinary Jurnal Hukum
Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo
Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi
Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Social Sciences

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Integrasi arsitektur zero trust pada ekosistem SPBE: Analisis dekonstruksi teknis dan roadmap implementasi Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo; Unggul Sagena; Linus Yoseph Wawan Rukomono; Bonifacius Raditya Yudha; Bayu Hartono
INFOTECH : Jurnal Informatika & Teknologi Vol 7 No 1 (2026): INFOTECH: Jurnal Informatika & Teknologi
Publisher : LPPMPK - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/infotech.v7i1.2302

Abstract

Analisis ini mengevaluasi efektivitas integrasi arsitektur zero trust (ZTA) dalam ekosistem sistem pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (SPBE) Indonesia pasca insiden ransomware PDNS Juni 2024. Tujuan penelitian adalah merumuskan kerangka kerja teknis untuk mendekonstruksi mekanisme kepercayaan implisit serta menyusun peta jalan implementasi ZTA pada infrastruktur legacy SPBE. Metodologi menggunakan pendekatan architecture analysis method (AAM) komparatif antara model perimeter tradisional dengan ZTA berbasis NIST SP 800-207, dilengkapi simulasi kuantitatif blast radius dan analisis Return on Investment (ROI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan reduksi blast radius serangan ransomware sebesar 96,5% (dari 239 instansi terdampak menjadi 8 instansi) melalui penerapan micro-segmentation, serta proyeksi ROI positif 80% dengan periode pengembalian 2,8 tahun. Temuan memvalidasi superioritas segregasi Control Plane/Data Plane dalam memitigasi lateral movement dan menekan potensi kerugian ekonomi dari Rp9 triliun menjadi Rp4,5 triliun. Implementasi ZTA terbukti menjadi imperatif strategis untuk memenuhi amanat Peraturan Presiden Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 mengenai kedaulatan data dan ketahanan siber nasional.
Executive Risk in Indonesia's State-Owned Enterprises: A Juridical and Governance Analysis Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo
EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol. 5 No. 3: Maret 2026
Publisher : CV. Ulil Albab Corp

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/ekoma.v5i3.13322

Abstract

This paper presents a juridical and governance analysis of executive risk aversion in Indonesia’s State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs/BUMN). Despite their strategic economic role, qualified professionals increasingly decline BUMN executive positions due to systemic legal ambiguities and governance weaknesses. The study identifies a core tension between the Business Judgment Rule (BJR), which protects good-faith corporate decisions under Law No. 40 of 2007, and the expansive interpretation of “State Financial Loss” under anti-corruption statutes, which criminalizes ordinary business losses. Through doctrinal analysis and the case study of former Pertamina CEO Karen Agustiawan, the paper demonstrates how this legal dualism fosters a chilling effect on strategic leadership. It further examines how political patronage undermines merit-based talent management, rendering BUMN governance unattractive to qualified professionals. The analysis evaluates Indonesia’s 2025 BUMN reforms, including Law No. 1 of 2025, the dissolution of the Ministry of SOEs, and the creation of the Danantara holding agency, as a legislative effort to de-risk executive roles by clarifying asset status, strengthening BJR protections, and depoliticizing oversight. The paper concludes that while these reforms are structurally promising, their efficacy hinges on institutional buy-in from law enforcement and the judiciary, and recommends judicial guidance, depoliticized appointments, and talent mobility to restore confidence in BUMN leadership.
Tinjauan Penerapan Standar dan Regulasi pada Instalasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS): Studi Perbandingan Nasional dan Internasional Renaldo Marsal; Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo
Knowledge on Sustainability, Longevity, and Interdisciplinary Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): KONSULI: Knowledge on Sustainability, Longevity, and Interdisciplinary
Publisher : PT Konsuli Corpora Indonesia

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Abstract

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) menjadi salah satu pilar utama dalam upaya transisi energi bersih dan pengurangan emisi karbon di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan teknologi PLTS terus meningkat melalui berbagai bentuk instalasi, seperti sistem atap (rooftop), sistem lahan (ground-mounted), dan sistem terapung (floating solar PV), yang dirancang untuk mengoptimalkan potensi energi surya sesuai kondisi geografis dan kebutuhan beban. Namun, penerapan standar teknis dan regulasi yang berbeda pada tiap tipe instalasi menimbulkan tantangan dalam menjamin keselamatan ketenagalistrikan, keandalan operasi, dan efisiensi sistem secara keseluruhan. Studi ini melakukan tinjauan mendalam terhadap berbagai standar nasional dan internasional yang relevan dengan instalasi PLTS, mencakup SNI, PUIL 2011, IEC 61215, IEC 61730, NEC 690, dan IEEE 1547. Analisis perbandingan dilakukan untuk menilai keselarasan antara standar nasional dengan praktik terbaik internasional di negara maju seperti Jerman, Jepang, dan Australia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar SNI telah mengadopsi acuan IEC secara substansial, namun implementasi di lapangan masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan kompetensi teknisi, fasilitas pengujian yang belum memadai, serta lemahnya sistem sertifikasi dan pengawasan mutu. Rekomendasi utama dari penelitian ini mencakup perlunya harmonisasi regulasi antarinstansi, penguatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia di bidang ketenagalistrikan surya, dan peningkatan sistem akreditasi serta uji tipe untuk menjamin mutu dan keselamatan instalasi PLTS di seluruh Indonesia. Dengan langkah tersebut, diharapkan penerapan PLTS nasional dapat mencapai standar internasional dan mendukung pencapaian target bauran Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) secara berkelanjutan. 
Perbandingan Kebijakan dan Implementasi Biogas di Negara Berkembang Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo; Rizky Adi Nugraha
Knowledge on Sustainability, Longevity, and Interdisciplinary Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): KONSULI: Knowledge on Sustainability, Longevity, and Interdisciplinary
Publisher : PT Konsuli Corpora Indonesia

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Abstract

Krisis energi global dan peningkatan kebutuhan energi bersih menuntut negara berkembang untuk beralih menuju sumber energi baru terbarukan (EBT). Salah satu alternatif yang potensial adalah biogas, terutama di wilayah pedesaan dengan ketersediaan limbah organik yang melimpah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kebijakan dan implementasi program biogas di Indonesia serta membandingkannya dengan negara berkembang lain seperti India, China, dan Vietnam. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review (SLR) dengan menganalisis publikasi dan dokumen kebijakan antara tahun 2013–2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan pengembangan biogas di India, China, dan Vietnam sangat dipengaruhi oleh dukungan kebijakan nasional, insentif fiskal, dan sistem pemantauan terpusat. Di Indonesia, meskipun program BIRU telah memberikan dampak sosial ekonomi positif, keberlanjutan operasional masih menjadi tantangan akibat lemahnya dukungan finansial dan koordinasi kelembagaan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan kebijakan biogas nasional melalui integrasi program lintas sektor, peningkatan insentif, dan pembentukan pusat data energi terbarukan untuk menjamin keberlanjutan sistem biogas di Indonesia. 
Presumed guilty: A juridical analysis of due process erosion in corruption cases involving indonesian state-owned enterprise executives Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo
Jurnal Hukum Vol 1 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : LPPMPK - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/jh.v1i2.2181

Abstract

This paper investigates the systemic phenomenon of “presumed guilty before proven guilty” that plagues executives of Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (BUMNs), particularly in strategic sectors such as energy (Pertamina), aviation (Garuda Indonesia), and electricity (PLN). The issue stems from a deep juridical conflict between the constitutional and procedural guarantee of the presumption of innocence under the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP, Law No. 8 of 1981) and the expansive, deterrence-driven application of the Anti-Corruption Law (Law No. 31 of 1999 as amended by Law No. 20 of 2001). Through a juridical-normative methodology and comparative case study analysis, the paper demonstrates how the vague and overbroad phrasing of “may cause state financial loss” in the Anti-Corruption Law has been weaponized to criminalize legitimate, risk-based business decisions. Although the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) implicitly recognized in the Limited Liability Company Law (Law No. 40 of 2007), is designed to protect directors acting in good faith, it is routinely overridden by criminal law enforcement. The analysis of three landmark cases: Karen Agustiawan (Pertamina), Emirsyah Satar (Garuda), and Nur Pamudji (PLN), exposes inconsistent judicial reasoning, with only the Supreme Court’s 2017 Nur Pamudji ruling offering a clear demarcation between civil-commercial liability and criminal culpability. This legal uncertainty generates a profound chilling effect, inducing extreme risk aversion, stifling strategic innovation, and ultimately undermining BUMN performance and national economic resilience. The paper concludes with targeted recommendations: (1) for the judiciary to harmonize jurisprudence around the BJR and state loss doctrine; (2) for the legislature to amend ambiguous provisions in the Anti-Corruption Law; and (3) for BUMN boards to institutionalize rigorous, documented decision-making protocols as a legal safeguard.
Rent-seeking, state capture, and governance failure: A juridical analysis of corruption within Indonesian state-owned enterprises Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo
Jurnal Hukum Vol 1 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : LPPMPK - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/jh.v1i2.2182

Abstract

This paper offers a comprehensive juridical and political-economic analysis of the structural vulnerabilities that enable systemic corruption and rent-seeking within Indonesia’s State-Owned Enterprises (BUMNs). While Indonesia has established a formal governance framework centered on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles, these mechanisms often operate as a compliance façade, failing to counteract entrenched informal power dynamics and the ambiguous dual mandate that positions BUMNs as both commercial entities and instruments of state policy. Through a forensic examination of three landmark cases namely: the ‘Papa Minta Saham’ political capture scandal, the PT Asuransi Jiwasraya financial collapse (Rp16.8 trillion loss), and the PT Timah natural resource cartel (Rp300 trillion loss) as the study identifies recurring patterns of governance failure. These include compromised board oversight, symbiotic collusion between public officials and private actors, and the strategic exploitation of legal ambiguities. The analysis reveals an evolution in corrupt practices from direct political extortion toward sophisticated financial engineering and bureaucratic capture. In response, the paper proposes a multi-layered reform agenda: (1) legislative clarification of the BUMN mandate under Law No. 19 of 2003; (2) strengthening of evidentiary standards in anti-corruption prosecutions; (3) institutionalization of independent GCG audits; (4) empowerment of genuinely independent Boards of Commissioners; and (5) enhanced whistleblower protections. For foreign stakeholders, the findings underscore the critical need for rigorous political risk and integrity due diligence when engaging with Indonesian BUMNs.
Tanggung jawab hukum holding PT Pupuk Indonesia terhadap utang PT Rekayasa Industri dalam kepailitan dan proses PKPU Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo; Ichsan Saputro; Caisa Aamuliadiga
Jurnal Hukum Vol 1 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : LPPMPK - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/jh.v1i2.2191

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji tanggung jawab hukum perusahaan induk (holding company) atas utang anak perusahaannya yang mengalami kepailitan, dengan fokus pada doktrin piercing the corporate veil (PCV) dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Menggunakan studi kasus proses Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) PT Rekayasa Industri (Rekind) dan hubungannya dengan PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) sebagai induk usaha BUMN, penelitian ini menelaah benturan antara prinsip perlindungan kreditor melalui PCV dan prinsip kepastian hukum yang lahir dari putusan homologasi. Analisis berpusat pada kelayakan penerapan Pasal 3 ayat (2) Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (UUPT) dalam konteks grup usaha BUMN yang penting bagi negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian bersumber dari bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan pengadilan, serta bahan hukum sekunder yang terdiri dari laporan tahunan perusahaan, jurnal ilmiah, dan literatur hukum. Meskipun kondisi finansial Rekind pra-PKPU secara teoretis membuka ruang bagi argumen PCV terhadap Pupuk Indonesia, putusan homologasi yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap menciptakan hambatan yuridis. Putusan tersebut secara efektif membatasi ruang bagi kreditor untuk menembus selubung korporasi pasca-restrukturisasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa inkonsistensi yurisprudensi dan kekosongan hukum terkait grup usaha di Indonesia menciptakan ketidakpastian. Direkomendasikan adanya reformasi yudisial dan legislatif untuk memperjelas parameter penerapan doktrin PCV demi memberikan kepastian hukum yang lebih besar bagi semua pihak.
Dilema inovator di perusahaan milik negara Indonesia: Mendamaikan ambisi disruptif dengan risiko kriminal dalam kapitalisme negara yang berlandaskan hukum Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo
Jurnal Hukum Vol 2 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : LPPMPK - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/jh.v2i1.2592

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji konflik yuridik struktural yang secara sistematis menghambat inovasi disruptif dalam BUMN Indonesia melalui teori institusional dan analisis hukum perilaku. Meskipun mandat undang-undang berdasarkan UU No. 19 Tahun 2003 menempatkan entitas-entitas ini sebagai agen perintis pembangunan nasional, para direktur beroperasi dalam lingkungan hukum yang mencampuradukkan kerugian bisnis yang sah dengan kerugian keuangan negara yang bersifat kriminal berdasarkan UU No. 31 Tahun 1999 dan UU No. 17 Tahun 2003. Kontradiksi normatif antara hukum korporasi dan hukum pidana publik ini menciptakan efek penghambatan sistemik yang mendorong keengganan risiko yang ekstrem. Melalui analisis yuridis-normatif dan studi kasus komparatif penuntutan LNG Karen Agustiawan dan pembebasan investasi BMG, penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana ambiguitas hukum berfungsi sebagai penghalang inovasi berisiko tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi bifurkasi yang menggabungkan analisis hukum doktrinal dengan pemeriksaan kasus empiris untuk mengungkap mekanisme dimana ketidakpastian hukum menghasilkan penghindaran kerugian yang didorong oleh teori prospek. Sembari menunggu reformasi legislatif, Badan Usaha Milik Negara dapat mengadopsi strategi defensif termasuk pemisahan perusahaan, lengan modal ventura, dan sistem manajemen inovasi ISO 56002. Artikel ini diakhiri dengan rekomendasi untuk kodifikasi legislatif dari Aturan Pertimbangan Bisnis, standardisasi peradilan melalui Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung, dan pelembagaan kerangka kerja tata kelola inovasi perusahaan yang memenuhi praktik terbaik perusahaan dan persyaratan pembuktian untuk pembelaan pidana.
The dual-edged sword: A juridical analysis of internal governance documents as a basis for criminal liability in Indonesian State-owned enterprises Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo
Jurnal Hukum Vol 2 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : LPPMPK - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/jh.v2i1.2593

Abstract

This article examines the juridical tension arising from the treatment of internal governance documents, such as Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), as evidentiary bases for criminal liability in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (BUMNs). Under the dual legal regime governing BUMNs, corporate decisions are subject both to commercial principles under Law No. 40 of 2007 and to anti-corruption statutes under Law No. 31 of 1999 as amended. This duality creates a normative conflict wherein deviations from internal procedural documents are increasingly construed by law enforcement as “unlawful acts” (perbuatan melawan hukum), thereby satisfying a key element for corruption charges under Articles 2 and 3 of the Anti-Corruption Law. Such an approach effectively circumvents the Business Judgment Rule (BJR), a doctrine codified in Article 97(5) of Law No. 40 of 2007, which is designed to protect directors acting in good faith and with due care. Through juridical-normative analysis and case law review, including the Supreme Court’s acquittal of Karen Agustiawan, the study demonstrates that conflating administrative non-compliance with criminal conduct undermines corporate autonomy and deters strategic risk-taking. The article further analyzes the ambiguity surrounding the legal status of BUMN assets, rooted in the conflicting definitions in Law No. 17 of 2003 on State Finance and Law No. 19 of 2003 on BUMNs, which facilitates the mischaracterization of business losses as state financial losses. Comparative insights from Temasek Holdings and Mubadala highlight the importance of clear legal separation between state ownership and corporate management. The paper concludes with recommendations for legislative clarification, judicial guidance through a Supreme Court circular, and the adoption of principle-based internal governance frameworks to align BUMN operations with corporate law doctrine and protect legitimate business judgment.
The classification of change orders in EPC Turnkey projects by Indonesian state-owned enterprises: Navigating between business risk and state financial loss Bagus Satrio Utomo Prawiraharjo
Jurnal Hukum Vol 2 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : LPPMPK - Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37373/jh.v2i1.2594

Abstract

State-owned enterprises in Indonesia extensively utilize Engineering, Procurement, and Construction turnkey contracts for strategic infrastructure development, inherently requiring contractual flexibility through change order mechanisms to accommodate project complexity and uncertainty. However, stringent oversight of state finances creates significant legal ambiguity regarding whether cost increases resulting from legitimate project variations automatically constitute state financial loss under Indonesian anti-corruption legislation. This study employs normative legal research with doctrinal analysis to examine the juridical construction of state financial loss within the context of contract variations, analyzing constitutional court jurisprudence, audit board methodologies, and corporate governance principles. The research develops a tripartite classification framework distinguishing change orders as ordinary business risks requiring documentation, valid technical justifications necessitating cost-benefit analysis, or potential state financial losses involving unlawful acts. Findings indicate that the Constitutional Court's interpretation requiring actual and definite losses as material elements of corruption offenses creates substantial evidentiary burdens for auditors and law enforcement, while the Business Judgment Rule offers limited protection for directors due to inconsistent application. The study concludes that regulatory harmonization between project management paradigms and criminal law frameworks is essential to provide legal certainty for decision-makers while safeguarding public funds against fraudulent contract modifications.
Co-Authors Bayu Hartono Bonifacius Raditya Yudha Caisa Aamuliadiga Ichsan Saputro Linus Yoseph Wawan Rukomono Renaldo Marsal Rizky Adi Nugraha Unggul Sagena