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All Journal Buletin Veteriner Udayana
Tjokorda Sari Nindhia
Laboratorium Biostatistika Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Sanglah, Denpasar, Bali; Indonesia, 80234
Immunology & microbiology Public Health Veterinary

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TOTAL PLATE COUNTS OF BACTERIA IN THE FECES OF STARTER AND FINISHER AGE BROILERS IN BADUNG REGENCY Matilde Fatima Correia; I Ketut Suada; Tjokorda Sari Nindhia
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. February 2025 Vol. 17 No. 1
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i01.p02

Abstract

Broiler chickens are a superior breed resulting from crossbreeding different chicken breeds with high productivity, especially in meat production. Chicken feces are the final product of the digestion process of feed and water consumed by livestock, in both liquid and solid forms. This study aims to determine the total plate count (TPC) of bacteria present in the feces of broiler chickens at the starter and finisher stages in Badung Regency. This research is an observational study using purposive stratified random sampling with a quantitative analysis approach. A total of 3 grams of broiler chicken feces were collected from each farm in Mengwi, Abiansemal, and Petang Districts. The total plate count of bacteria was determined using the culture method on Nutrient Agar media. The identified bacterial colonies had characteristics such as a clear white color, round shape, and glossy appearance. Data analysis was performed using variance analysis (ANOVA), and if significant differences were found (P<0.05), Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was conducted. Before analysis, the TPC data were transformed into log Y. The results showed that the TPC (log Y) in Mengwi District was 8.0608 CFU/g at 1-21 days of age and 7.6132 CFU/g at 22-35 days of age. In Abiansemal District, the values were 8.0928 CFU/g at 1-21 days and 7.7941 CFU/g at 22-35 days, while in Petang District, the values were 8.1476 CFU/g at 1-21 days and 7.9565 CFU/g at 22-35 days. Overall, the highest TPC was found in Petang District, followed by Abiansemal and Mengwi. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) in the total plate count of bacteria in broiler chicken feces across the three districts based on the age groups of 1-21 days and 22-35 days. Further research is needed on broiler farm waste management following Indonesian National Standards (SNI) .
EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI LEAF EXTRACT AT DIFFERENT DOSES ON THE ANTIBODY TITER RESPONSE TO NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BROILER I Putu Aditya Prawira; Ida Bagus Kade Suardana; I Made Kardena; Ni Luh Eka Setiasih; Tjokorda Sari Nindhia; Anak Agung Sagung Kendran
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. April 2025 Vol. 17 No. 2
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i02.p25

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND), also known as tetelo, is one of the major poultry diseases that causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased productivity and increased mortality rates in broiler chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Phyllanthus niruri Linn (green meniran) extract at different oral doses on ND antibody titers in broiler chickens. This study employed an experimental method with a completely randomized design, involving 30 broiler chickens divided into three treatment groups: a control group (without extract), a group receiving Phyllanthus niruri extract at a dose of 7 mg/kgW/day, and a group receiving 9 mg/kgW/day for four weeks. ND antibody titers were analyzed using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. The results showed that the administration of Phyllanthus niruri extract significantly increased ND antibody titers, with the highest immune response observed in the group receiving 9 mg/kg W/day compared to the 7 mg/kg W/day and control groups. The increase in antibody titers was noticeable from the first week post-vaccination and peaked in the second week. These findings suggest that Phyllanthus niruri extract has potential as a natural immunostimulant to enhance immune responses against ND in broiler chickens. Further studies are needed to evaluate higher doses and the long-term effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract administration on the health and productivity of broiler chickens.
THE EFFECT OF MENIRAN EXTRACT AS AN IMUNOSTIMULATOR ON THE INCREASE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE ANTIBODY TITER IN BROILERS Muhammad Evan Malik; Ida Bagus Kade Suardana; Samsuri; Ni Luh Eka Setiasih; I Made Kardena; Tjokorda Sari Nindhia
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. April 2025 Vol. 17 No. 2
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i02.p11

Abstract

Meniran is known as an herbal plant with potential as a natural immunostimulator due to its content of flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. These compounds help boost the immune response by stimulating cytokine production, accelerating immune cell activation, and increasing antibody production. Newcastle Disease (ND) is an infectious disease that frequently affects broilers and causes significant economic losses. Vaccination is the primary method for preventing ND; however, its effectiveness can vary depending on the immune response of the chickens. This study aims to evaluate the effect of meniran extract as an immunostimulant on increasing Newcastle Disease antibody titers in booster-vaccinated broilers. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with 30 Lohman MB 202 broilers divided into three treatment groups. The negative control group (K-) received neither vaccination nor meniran extract, the positive control group (K+) received only the ND La Sota booster vaccine, and the treatment group (P) received both the ND La Sota booster vaccine and meniran extract for 14 days before vaccination. Antibody titers were measured using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test on days 17, 25, and 32. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. The results showed that the administration of meniran extract significantly increased antibody titers (P<0.05), with mean values of 2.7, 4.1, and 6.0 (HI log 2), and an overall mean of 4.27. Regression analysis indicated that the treatment group (P) experienced a higher increase in antibody titers compared to the control groups, with the peak immune response occurring in the third week post-vaccination. The conclusion of this study is that meniran extract can act as a natural immunostimulant that enhances the effectiveness of the ND vaccine in broiler chickens. Therefore, further research with different doses and administration durations is needed to optimize its benefits.
CO-INFECTION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE, COCCIDIOSIS, AND COLISEPTICEMIA IN BROILER CHICKEN: CASE STUDY Adi Setiawan; Tjokorda Sari Nindhia; Ida Bagus Made Oka; Yeocelin Meida Utami; I Made Kardena
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2025 Vol. 17 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i06.p28

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND), coccidiosis, and colisepticemia are major infectious diseases in broiler chickens that can lead to high economic losses due to increased morbidity and mortality. The subject of this case study is a 28-day-old broiler chickens from one of the closed house farms in Pering Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. This case study aims to establish a diagnosis based on medical history, epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology, histopathology, and laboratory test results. Clinical symptoms of the affected chickens included subcutaneous emphysema, feather loss covering nearly two-thirds of the abdominal and chest areas, feather loss, decreased appetite over the past four days, sneezing, watery diarrhea mixed with green and white mucus, blackened comb tips, and clear yellow exudate from the nasal cavity. Epidemiological survey results showed a morbidity rate of 2.6%, a mortality rate of 1.8%, and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 71%. Pathological anatomy examination results indicated that nearly all organs showed hemorrhage, with some organs exhibiting enlargement, white spots, and soft consistency. Similar findings were observed in histopathology, with nearly all organs showing inflammatory changes characterized by lymphocyte, neutrophil, macrophage infiltration, hemorrhage, necrosis, and edema. Hemagglutination (HA) testing showed a titer of 23 HAU, while hemagglutination inhibition (HI) testing was confirmed the presence of ND virus. Bacterial culture result of organ samples using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) medium was positive result for Escherichia coli, and fecal examination identified Eimeria spp. Therefore, it was concluded that the infected chickens were diagnosed with Newcastle disease, coccidiosis, and colisepticemia. These multiple infections contributed to the severity of clinical signs and high case fatality, highlighting the need for effective prevention and biosecurity measures.
THE IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI L. EXTRACT ON ANTIBODY TITERS IN NEWCASTLE DISEASE-VACCINATED BROILERS Daniel Halim; Ida Bagus Kade Suardana; Tjokorda Sari Nindhia; Tri Komala Sari; Ni Luh Eka Setiasih; Anak Agung Sagung Kendran
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2025 Vol. 17 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i06.p06

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) remains a major threat to the poultry industry, and while vaccination is essential, the immune response can be inconsistent. This study evaluated the potential of Phyllanthus niruri L. (meniran) extract as an immunomodulator to enhance the humoral immune response in broilers post-ND vaccination. A total of 30 one-day-old broilers, vaccinated against ND, were divided into three treatment groups: P0 (control, no extract), P1 (extract at 5 mg/kg BW/day via drinking water from day 3 to 17), and P2 (extract from day 3 to 24). Antibody titers were measured using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test and analysed with ANOVA using SPSS software. The results demonstrated that meniran extract significantly increased antibody titters compared to the control (P<0.05). Group P2, which received the extract until day 24, achieved the highest mean titter (6.1 log2 HI units), followed by P1 (4.4 log2) and the control P0 (4.0 log2). Data analysis confirmed a positive relationship between the duration of extract administration and antibody levels. In conclusion, Phyllanthus niruri L. extract is an effective immunomodulator that significantly enhances the ND vaccine-induced antibody response in broilers, with a longer administration period yielding a more robust effect.
Co-Authors Adi Setiawan Anak Agung Sagung Kendran Daniel Halim I Ketut Suada I Made Kardena I Made Kardena I Putu Aditya Prawira Ida Bagus Kade Suardana Ida Bagus Kade Suardana Ida Bagus Made Oka Matilde Fatima Correia Muhammad Evan Malik Ni Luh Eka Setiasih Ni Luh Eka Setiasih Samsuri Tri Komala Sari Yeocelin Meida Utami