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All Journal International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences
Johannes Triestanto
Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung
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Discretionary Authority Of Law Enforcement Officials In The Settlement Of Criminal Cases Based On Restorative Justice Deny; Eko Budi Sariyono; Iwan Rasiwan; Johannes Triestanto; Zulkarnain S
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9965

Abstract

Discretion exercised by law enforcement officials constitutes an inherent authority within the law enforcement function to make decisions or take actions based on professional judgment, particularly in circumstances that are not comprehensively regulated by statutory provisions. In the development of modern criminal law, discretionary power has gained increasing relevance, especially when associated with the application of a restorative justice approach that emphasizes victim recovery, offender accountability, and the restoration of social harmony within the community. This article aims to examine the scope of discretionary authority held by law enforcement agencies in resolving criminal cases through a restorative justice framework in Indonesia. The discussion focuses on the factors that encourage the use of discretion, the normative and ethical limitations governing its application, the roles of various law enforcement institutions within the criminal justice system, as well as the challenges encountered in practical implementation. The research employs a normative juridical approach, utilizing library-based data collection methods through the analysis of statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant national legal journal publications. The data are analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method to assess the alignment between legal norms and law enforcement practices. The findings indicate that law enforcement discretion can serve as an effective instrument in supporting the implementation of restorative justice, particularly in certain criminal cases with limited social impact. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of discretionary practices is highly dependent on the consistent application of prudential principles, proportionality, legal certainty, utility, and participatory transparency involving victims, offenders, and the community. In the absence of clear guidelines and adequate oversight mechanisms, the exercise of discretion may lead to legal uncertainty and unequal justice. Therefore, strengthening regulatory frameworks and enhancing the capacity of law enforcement personnel are essential prerequisites for optimizing discretion within a restorative justice-based criminal justice system.
Revision Of The Tni Law And Limitations On Military Involvement In Civil Affairs: The Perspective Of Constitutional Supremacy Ayik Christina Efata; Deny; Johannes Triestanto; Rio Akmal Syahbana; Rusdi Sanmas
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9983

Abstract

The 2025 amendment to the Law on the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI Law) represents a significant phase in the evolution of civil–military relations in Indonesia, particularly with regard to the regulation of military involvement in civilian affairs. This article aims to examine the implications of the amended TNI Law for the principles of constitutional supremacy and civilian supremacy within the framework of a democratic state governed by the rule of law. The analysis primarily focuses on provisions concerning the appointment of active-duty military personnel to certain civilian positions and their compatibility with the principle of functional separation between the military domain and civilian governance. This study employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, combined with qualitative analysis of legal norms, constitutional doctrines, and scholarly perspectives drawn from national academic journals The findings indicate that while the amendment seeks to normatively adapt the role of the TNI to contemporary security challenges, it simultaneously raises constitutional concerns regarding potential overlaps between civilian and military functions. Although the legislature emphasizes the existence of limitations and civilian oversight mechanisms, the provisions governing civilian positions accessible to active military personnel remain sufficiently broad to allow varied interpretations in practice. Such conditions may generate tension between the demands of national defense effectiveness and the principle of constitutional supremacy, which requires the military to operate under democratic civilian control. Accordingly, the amendment to the TNI Law must be critically assessed to ensure that it does not undermine the security sector reform paradigm established in the post-Reformasi era. This article underscores the importance of normative clarity, strengthened oversight mechanisms, and consistent legal implementation to ensure that military involvement in civilian affairs remains aligned with constitutional mandates and the principles of the rule of law.
Private Deeds In Civil Evidence Practice: Analysis Of Formal And Material Validity Diana Pujiningsih; Rizki Wahyudi; Yulia Rachmawati; Johannes Triestanto; Rafiqi
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10012

Abstract

Private deeds constitute one of the written evidentiary instruments frequently utilized in Indonesian civil litigation, particularly in disputes arising from contractual relationships and private legal engagements. This study aims to examine the legal standing of private deeds within the civil evidentiary system by emphasizing both formal validity and substantive validity, as well as their implications in judicial proof. The analysis focuses on the normative regulation of private deeds under the Indonesian Civil Code, doctrines of civil evidence law, and scholarly perspectives developed in national legal journals. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through library research, encompassing legislation, legal textbooks, and relevant academic journal articles addressing private deeds and their evidentiary force. The data were analyzed qualitatively to assess the coherence between positive legal norms and their application in judicial practice. The findings indicate that private deeds possess a relative evidentiary value, which depends on the fulfillment of formal requirements, namely written form and the signatures of the parties, as well as substantive requirements relating to the authenticity and legality of the content. When both the signature and the substance of the deed are acknowledged by the interested parties, a private deed may function as strong evidence before the court. Conversely, when denial or dispute arises, such a deed requires corroboration by other forms of evidence to strengthen its probative value. Accordingly, formal and substantive validity play a decisive role in determining the effectiveness of private deeds in civil evidentiary proceedings.
The Effectiveness Of Sharia Arbitration In Resolving Sharia Business Disputes Daffa Maulana Adha Herdatama; Dafa’ Alifta Akbar Susilo; Atin Meriati Isnaini; Johannes Triestanto; Iwan Rasiwan
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10013

Abstract

The rapid growth of the Islamic business sector in Indonesia necessitates dispute resolution mechanisms that are not only legally sound but also aligned with the principles of Islamic law. Sharia arbitration emerges as an alternative dispute resolution outside the court system, offering a more flexible, efficient, and substantively just process. A key institution in the implementation of sharia arbitration in Indonesia is the National Sharia Arbitration Board, which resolves disputes based on the parties’ agreements while adhering to Islamic values. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of sharia arbitration in resolving Islamic business disputes, focusing on its legal foundation, cost and time efficiency, parties’ satisfaction, and implementation challenges. The research employs a qualitative method, specifically library research, through a review of legislation, national scholarly journals, and relevant literature on arbitration and Islamic finance. The findings indicate that sharia arbitration is generally effective in resolving Islamic business disputes, particularly due to its straightforward procedures, relatively short resolution period, and ability to maintain harmonious business relationships. However, several obstacles persist, including limited public understanding of sharia arbitration, a shortage of arbitrators with specialized expertise in Islamic finance, and challenges in the enforcement of arbitration awards. To enhance its effectiveness, institutional strengthening, broader socialization, and human resource development are essential to optimize the role of sharia arbitration in Indonesia’s Islamic business sector.
Digital Contract Disputes in the FinTech Era: Legal Analysis of Consumer Protection and the Obligations of the Parties Rusdi Sanmas; Markus Suryoutomo; Arliyanda Arliyanda; Johannes Triestanto; Iwan Rasiwan
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 5 No 5 (2026): IJHESS APRIL 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v5i5.2153

Abstract

The rapid development of the Financial Technology (FinTech) industry has significantly transformed the delivery of financial services, including the execution of contracts in electronic form. Digital contracts offer greater efficiency, transparency, and accessibility for the public. However, these practices also present complex legal challenges, particularly regarding consumer protection and the obligations of the parties involved. Many digital contracts still rely on standardized, one-sided clauses that may disadvantage consumers, while FinTech providers often limit their legal liability. Existing regulations, such as Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) and Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), provide a normative legal framework to ensure the validity of digital contracts and safeguard consumer rights. Nevertheless, implementation in practice faces obstacles, including issues with verifying electronic signatures, clarity of contractual clauses, and the effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms. This study employs a normative juridical approach to analyze disputes in FinTech digital contracts in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for balance between the rights and obligations of all parties. The findings suggest a necessity for regulatory harmonization, improved legal and digital literacy among consumers, and the development of adaptive dispute resolution mechanisms, including faster and more efficient online dispute resolution alternatives. These efforts are expected to enhance legal certainty, foster consumer trust, and reduce the risk of disputes in the continually evolving FinTech landscape.
Reform of Sexual Crimes in the National Criminal Code: Perspectives on Restorative Justice and Victim Protection Ade Ari Gumilar; Iwan Rasiwan; Sri Setiawati; Johannes Triestanto; Halisma Amili
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 5 No 5 (2026): IJHESS APRIL 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v5i5.2201

Abstract

The enactment of the new Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) represents a significant milestone in the reform of national criminal law, particularly in addressing sexual offenses. This reform is not only reflected in the expansion of offense definitions and the recalibration of criminal sanctions, but also in the formal recognition of restorative justice approaches and the strengthening of victim-centered protection mechanisms. This article aims to examine the extent to which restorative justice principles are incorporated within the new Criminal Code and to assess their implications for the fulfillment of victims’ rights in cases of sexual crimes. The study employs a normative legal research method, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches through an analysis of the new Criminal Code, the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes, as well as relevant legal literature and national academic journals. The findings indicate that, at the normative level, the new Criminal Code provides legal space for the application of restorative justice as an alternative mechanism for resolving criminal cases, including certain categories of sexual offenses. Nevertheless, the implementation of this approach continues to face substantial challenges, particularly the risk of victim marginalization, power imbalances between offenders and victims, and the inadequacy of restitution and recovery mechanisms. Consequently, more explicit regulatory frameworks, clear implementation guidelines, and a stronger victim-oriented perspective are required to ensure that restorative justice practices do not undermine substantive justice or the protection of victims’ fundamental rights in sexual crime cases
The Principle of Professionalism of the State Civil Apparatus in Public Service M. Riyanto; Ernesta Arita Ari; Johannes Triestanto; Iwan Rasiwan; Bambang Supriadi
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9238

Abstract

The professionalism of the State Civil Apparatus (Aparatur Sipil Negara/ASN) constitutes a fundamental principle in the implementation of public services that prioritize societal interests. ASN are not merely responsible for executing government policies, but also serve as the frontline actors in delivering public services that are effective, efficient, transparent, and equitable. This article aims to examine the principle of ASN professionalism in public service delivery in Indonesia, as well as the factors influencing it within the framework of bureaucratic reform and increasingly complex public demands. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, analyzing national scientific journals, statutory regulations, and other relevant literature related to ASN professionalism and public service. The findings indicate that ASN professionalism is not an isolated concept, but is shaped by several key factors, including human resource competence, ethical conduct and integrity of civil servants, the utilization of information technology in public services, and the implementation of a merit-based system in ASN management. Adequate competence enables civil servants to perform their duties optimally, while service ethics play a crucial role in fostering public trust. Furthermore, the adoption of digital technology has proven effective in enhancing service efficiency and transparency, whereas the merit system promotes objectivity and fairness in career development. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of continuously strengthening ASN professionalism through capacity building, ethical development, and adaptive bureaucratic reforms in response to contemporary challenges. Therefore, ASN professionalism serves as a vital foundation for achieving high-quality public services oriented toward public satisfaction.
Analysis of the Legality of the Kris (Standard Inpatient Class) System from the Perspective of Health Administration Law Yudhi Hertanto; Anna Veronica Pont; Johannes Triestanto; Habibi; Mohamad Fadli Dg Patompo
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9244

Abstract

The Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) policy represents a significant reform in Indonesia’s national health service system, as stipulated in Presidential Regulation Number 59 of 2024, which replaces the former inpatient class system (Classes 1, 2, and 3) under the National Health Insurance (JKN) program administered by BPJS Kesehatan. The introduction of KRIS is intended to promote principles of equity, equal access, and non-discrimination in health services, while also streamlining the administrative structure of inpatient care in hospitals. This article aims to examine the legal validity of the KRIS system from the perspective of health administrative law, focusing on its legal foundation, governmental administrative authority, implementation mechanisms within healthcare facilities, and legal protection for both patients and hospitals. This study employs a normative juridical approach using library-based research on relevant legislation and national academic journals. The analysis is conducted by examining legal norms governing KRIS and their implications for health administration governance. The findings indicate that, from a normative standpoint, the KRIS system possesses a strong and legitimate legal basis as a state administrative policy in the health sector. Nevertheless, its practical implementation faces several challenges, including hospital infrastructure readiness, funding limitations, disparities in the capacity of healthcare facilities across regions, and potential administrative issues related to supervision and compliance enforcement. Furthermore, stronger technical regulations and more effective oversight mechanisms are required to ensure that the objectives of KRIS particularly legal protection and equal service provision for JKN participants are fully realized. Therefore, policy synchronization, reinforcement of governmental roles, and enhancement of healthcare facility capacity are essential factors for the successful implementation of the KRIS system in Indonesia.
Fenomena Overlapping Regulasi Dalam Perspektif Hukum Tata Negara: The Phenomenon of Overlapping Regulations from the Perspective of Constitutional Law A. Muhammad Hasgar A.S; Yudhi Hertanto; Amiruddin Lannurung; Fatma Faisal; Johannes Triestanto
Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains Vol. 9 No. 2: Februari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/jks.v9i2.7338

Abstract

Fenomena overlapping regulasi merupakan persoalan struktural yang terus berulang dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, khususnya dalam ranah hukum tata negara. Tumpang tindih pengaturan terjadi ketika dua atau lebih peraturan perundang-undangan mengatur substansi yang sama namun memiliki norma, ruang lingkup, atau implikasi hukum yang berbeda. Kondisi ini menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan, mulai dari ketidakpastian hukum, inefektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, hingga melemahnya legitimasi kebijakan publik. Dalam perspektif negara hukum, keberadaan regulasi yang tidak harmonis bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum, asas keterbukaan, serta prinsip tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena overlapping regulasi dalam perspektif hukum tata negara Indonesia dengan menitikberatkan pada faktor penyebab, dampak konstitusional, serta upaya penataan regulasi sebagai solusi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan hukum dan jurnal nasional yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa overlapping regulasi disebabkan oleh lemahnya perencanaan legislasi, minimnya koordinasi antar lembaga pembentuk peraturan, serta kecenderungan pembentukan regulasi sektoral tanpa harmonisasi yang memadai. Dampak dari kondisi ini tidak hanya dirasakan oleh aparat penegak hukum, tetapi juga oleh masyarakat sebagai subjek hukum yang mengalami kebingungan dalam pelaksanaan hak dan kewajibannya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformasi legislasi yang sistematis melalui penguatan mekanisme harmonisasi, sinkronisasi, dan evaluasi peraturan perundang-undangan. Upaya tersebut penting untuk mewujudkan sistem hukum yang konsisten, efektif, dan sejalan dengan prinsip negara hukum sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam konstitusi.
Perlindungan Hukum Investor Dalam Penanaman Modal Di Indonesia: The Phenomenon of Overlapping Regulations from the Perspective of Constitutional Law Johannes Triestanto; Lisda Apriliani Sobirin; Diana Pujiningsih; Zulfikri Pohan; Iwan Rasiwan
Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains Vol. 9 No. 2: Februari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/jks.v9i2.7348

Abstract

Perlindungan hukum investor merupakan elemen fundamental dalam menciptakan iklim penanaman modal yang kondusif, berkelanjutan, dan berdaya saing di Indonesia. Keberadaan jaminan hukum yang jelas dan konsisten tidak hanya berfungsi melindungi kepentingan investor, tetapi juga menjadi instrumen penting dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada investor dalam kegiatan penanaman modal di Indonesia, baik bagi investor domestik maupun investor asing, serta mengkaji berbagai kendala yang muncul dalam implementasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang penanaman modal, khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal, serta didukung oleh kajian literatur dari jurnal hukum nasional yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif, sistem hukum Indonesia telah menyediakan kerangka perlindungan yang mencakup prinsip perlakuan yang sama, kepastian hukum, perlindungan terhadap hak kepemilikan, serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa investasi. Selain itu, pemerintah juga berupaya memperkuat iklim investasi melalui pembaruan regulasi dan penyederhanaan prosedur perizinan. Namun, dalam praktiknya, perlindungan hukum tersebut belum sepenuhnya berjalan optimal. Berbagai kendala seperti kompleksitas birokrasi, inkonsistensi kebijakan, serta lemahnya penegakan hukum masih menjadi faktor penghambat yang berpotensi menurunkan kepercayaan investor. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan implementasi hukum, harmonisasi regulasi, serta peningkatan kualitas lembaga pengawasan agar perlindungan hukum investor dapat terwujud secara efektif dan memberikan kepastian hukum yang berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
Co-Authors A. Muhammad Hasgar A.S Ade Ari Gumilar Ade Daharis Agus Sugiarto Alief Akbar Musaddad Amiruddin Lannurung Anggit Wasesa Praja Anna Veronica Pont Annisa Putri Anugrah Arliyanda Arliyanda Arnes Yuli Vandika Ayik Christina Efata Dafa’ Alifta Akbar Susilo Daffa Maulana Adha Herdatama Deny Diana Pujiningsih Eko Budi Sariyono Ernesta Arita Ari Fatma Faisal Habibi Halisma Amili Hamzah Mardiansyah Iqlima Zahari Isnaini, Atin Meriati Iwan Rasiwan Iwan Rasiwan Lisda Apriliani Sobirin M. Riyanto Makkah HM Markus Suryoutomo Mawardi Mohamad Fadli Dg Patompo Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti Nopiana Mozin Rafiqi Rio Akmal Syahbana Rizki Wahyudi Robby Has Wantania Rusdi Sanmas Sasmita Nurfaradisa Sri Setiawati Sumirahayu Sulaiman Supriadi, Bambang Yudhi Hertanto Yudhi Hertanto Yulia Rachmawati Yuniantoro Sudrajad Zulfikri Pohan Zulkarnain S