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All Journal International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS)
Johannes Triestanto
Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Public Health Social Sciences

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Discretionary Authority Of Law Enforcement Officials In The Settlement Of Criminal Cases Based On Restorative Justice Deny; Eko Budi Sariyono; Iwan Rasiwan; Johannes Triestanto; Zulkarnain S
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9965

Abstract

Discretion exercised by law enforcement officials constitutes an inherent authority within the law enforcement function to make decisions or take actions based on professional judgment, particularly in circumstances that are not comprehensively regulated by statutory provisions. In the development of modern criminal law, discretionary power has gained increasing relevance, especially when associated with the application of a restorative justice approach that emphasizes victim recovery, offender accountability, and the restoration of social harmony within the community. This article aims to examine the scope of discretionary authority held by law enforcement agencies in resolving criminal cases through a restorative justice framework in Indonesia. The discussion focuses on the factors that encourage the use of discretion, the normative and ethical limitations governing its application, the roles of various law enforcement institutions within the criminal justice system, as well as the challenges encountered in practical implementation. The research employs a normative juridical approach, utilizing library-based data collection methods through the analysis of statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant national legal journal publications. The data are analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method to assess the alignment between legal norms and law enforcement practices. The findings indicate that law enforcement discretion can serve as an effective instrument in supporting the implementation of restorative justice, particularly in certain criminal cases with limited social impact. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of discretionary practices is highly dependent on the consistent application of prudential principles, proportionality, legal certainty, utility, and participatory transparency involving victims, offenders, and the community. In the absence of clear guidelines and adequate oversight mechanisms, the exercise of discretion may lead to legal uncertainty and unequal justice. Therefore, strengthening regulatory frameworks and enhancing the capacity of law enforcement personnel are essential prerequisites for optimizing discretion within a restorative justice-based criminal justice system.
Revision Of The Tni Law And Limitations On Military Involvement In Civil Affairs: The Perspective Of Constitutional Supremacy Ayik Christina Efata; Deny; Johannes Triestanto; Rio Akmal Syahbana; Rusdi Sanmas
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9983

Abstract

The 2025 amendment to the Law on the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI Law) represents a significant phase in the evolution of civil–military relations in Indonesia, particularly with regard to the regulation of military involvement in civilian affairs. This article aims to examine the implications of the amended TNI Law for the principles of constitutional supremacy and civilian supremacy within the framework of a democratic state governed by the rule of law. The analysis primarily focuses on provisions concerning the appointment of active-duty military personnel to certain civilian positions and their compatibility with the principle of functional separation between the military domain and civilian governance. This study employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, combined with qualitative analysis of legal norms, constitutional doctrines, and scholarly perspectives drawn from national academic journals The findings indicate that while the amendment seeks to normatively adapt the role of the TNI to contemporary security challenges, it simultaneously raises constitutional concerns regarding potential overlaps between civilian and military functions. Although the legislature emphasizes the existence of limitations and civilian oversight mechanisms, the provisions governing civilian positions accessible to active military personnel remain sufficiently broad to allow varied interpretations in practice. Such conditions may generate tension between the demands of national defense effectiveness and the principle of constitutional supremacy, which requires the military to operate under democratic civilian control. Accordingly, the amendment to the TNI Law must be critically assessed to ensure that it does not undermine the security sector reform paradigm established in the post-Reformasi era. This article underscores the importance of normative clarity, strengthened oversight mechanisms, and consistent legal implementation to ensure that military involvement in civilian affairs remains aligned with constitutional mandates and the principles of the rule of law.
Private Deeds In Civil Evidence Practice: Analysis Of Formal And Material Validity Diana Pujiningsih; Rizki Wahyudi; Yulia Rachmawati; Johannes Triestanto; Rafiqi
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10012

Abstract

Private deeds constitute one of the written evidentiary instruments frequently utilized in Indonesian civil litigation, particularly in disputes arising from contractual relationships and private legal engagements. This study aims to examine the legal standing of private deeds within the civil evidentiary system by emphasizing both formal validity and substantive validity, as well as their implications in judicial proof. The analysis focuses on the normative regulation of private deeds under the Indonesian Civil Code, doctrines of civil evidence law, and scholarly perspectives developed in national legal journals. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through library research, encompassing legislation, legal textbooks, and relevant academic journal articles addressing private deeds and their evidentiary force. The data were analyzed qualitatively to assess the coherence between positive legal norms and their application in judicial practice. The findings indicate that private deeds possess a relative evidentiary value, which depends on the fulfillment of formal requirements, namely written form and the signatures of the parties, as well as substantive requirements relating to the authenticity and legality of the content. When both the signature and the substance of the deed are acknowledged by the interested parties, a private deed may function as strong evidence before the court. Conversely, when denial or dispute arises, such a deed requires corroboration by other forms of evidence to strengthen its probative value. Accordingly, formal and substantive validity play a decisive role in determining the effectiveness of private deeds in civil evidentiary proceedings.
The Effectiveness Of Sharia Arbitration In Resolving Sharia Business Disputes Daffa Maulana Adha Herdatama; Dafa’ Alifta Akbar Susilo; Atin Meriati Isnaini; Johannes Triestanto; Iwan Rasiwan
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10013

Abstract

The rapid growth of the Islamic business sector in Indonesia necessitates dispute resolution mechanisms that are not only legally sound but also aligned with the principles of Islamic law. Sharia arbitration emerges as an alternative dispute resolution outside the court system, offering a more flexible, efficient, and substantively just process. A key institution in the implementation of sharia arbitration in Indonesia is the National Sharia Arbitration Board, which resolves disputes based on the parties’ agreements while adhering to Islamic values. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of sharia arbitration in resolving Islamic business disputes, focusing on its legal foundation, cost and time efficiency, parties’ satisfaction, and implementation challenges. The research employs a qualitative method, specifically library research, through a review of legislation, national scholarly journals, and relevant literature on arbitration and Islamic finance. The findings indicate that sharia arbitration is generally effective in resolving Islamic business disputes, particularly due to its straightforward procedures, relatively short resolution period, and ability to maintain harmonious business relationships. However, several obstacles persist, including limited public understanding of sharia arbitration, a shortage of arbitrators with specialized expertise in Islamic finance, and challenges in the enforcement of arbitration awards. To enhance its effectiveness, institutional strengthening, broader socialization, and human resource development are essential to optimize the role of sharia arbitration in Indonesia’s Islamic business sector.
Co-Authors Ayik Christina Efata Dafa’ Alifta Akbar Susilo Daffa Maulana Adha Herdatama Deny Diana Pujiningsih Eko Budi Sariyono Isnaini, Atin Meriati Iwan Rasiwan Rafiqi Rio Akmal Syahbana Rizki Wahyudi Rusdi Sanmas Yulia Rachmawati Zulkarnain S