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The association between anxiety, daily behaviors, and insomnia among university students Ismardi, Dita Anisa; Edlin, Edlin; Lubis, Yolanda Eliza Putri; Davin, Radhitya Qowiyyul; Ishak, Muhammad Raihan; Million, Hendy; Alponso, Rudolf; Jansen, Jansen
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i1.7890

Abstract

Background: Insomnia is a common problem among university students and is often associated with psychological factors such as anxiety and modifiable daily behaviors. This study aimed to examine the relationships between anxiety levels, specific daily habits (including caffeine consumption, physical activity, and academic stress), and the occurrence of insomnia among students aged 20 to 25 years at Universitas Prima Indonesia. Methods: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in May 2025. A total of 94 students participated as respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The chi-square test was applied to analyze the associations between variables. Results: Most respondents were female (61.7%) with a mean age of 21.21 years. Descriptive analysis showed trends suggesting that higher anxiety and physical activity levels were associated with increased insomnia rates. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant relationship between anxiety and insomnia (p = 0.203) or between physical activity and insomnia (p = 0.190). In contrast, caffeine consumption showed a statistically significant association with insomnia severity (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Although anxiety and physical activity were not significantly related to insomnia in this study, caffeine consumption was identified as a significant modifiable risk factor. These findings emphasize the need for targeted health education programs to improve sleep hygiene among students, particularly by addressing caffeine intake to enhance sleep quality.
A microbiological analysis of coliform bacteria in street food around Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan Davin, Radhitya Qowiyyul; Fachrial, Edy; Wienaldi, Wienaldi
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i1.8083

Abstract

Background: Street foods, particularly fried snacks, are highly popular among university students due to their convenience and affordability. However, the safety of such foods is a public health concern, as they are susceptible to contamination by coliform bacteria, which can cause gastrointestinal illnesses such as diarrhea. This study aimed to analyze the total coliform bacteria in fried snacks sold around the Universitas Prima Indonesia campus area in Medan as an indicator of food safety. Methods: This descriptive laboratory study analyzed fried snack samples of two types (rissole and filled tofu) collected from six street vendors on Jalan Ayahanda, Medan. Samples were obtained using a simple random sampling technique, resulting in a total of 12 samples. The presence of coliform bacteria was determined using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method with a 3-3-3 tube series, which included a presumptive test using Lactose Broth (LB) medium. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing results with the standard set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 (maximum permissible limit <3.6 MPN/gram). Results: All 12 samples tested negative in the presumptive test, indicated by the absence of gas bubbles in the Durham tubes after 48 hours of incubation. The MPN value for all samples was <3 MPN/gram, confirming they met the required safety standard (<3.6 MPN/gram). Conclusion: Fried snacks sold around the Universitas Prima Indonesia campus were free from coliform bacterial contamination and are considered safe for consumption based on current regulations. Factors such as the high-temperature deep-frying process (>150°C) and adequately maintained vendor sanitation practices likely contributed to the absence of contamination.