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INDONESIA
Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
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Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)" : 9 Documents clear
Nicotine supplementation blocks oocyte maturation in Rattus norvegicus Meitria Syahadatina Noor; H.M Bahkriansyah; Widjiati Widjiati; Budi Santoso
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.92-98

Abstract

BACKGROUNDIndonesia has the third largest tobacco consumption in the world after China and India. Nicotine as the main component of cigarette smoke has negative effects on the reproductive system, such as oocyte maturation, ovulation, and fertilization, and increasing the diploidy of oocytes. The goal of this researchwas to evaluate the effect of nicotine on oocyte maturation in Rattus norvegicus.METHODSThis was an experimental study with post test only control group design. The subjects were 40 rats selected homogenously and randomly. They were divided into a control group (receiving carboxy-methyl-cellulose sodium and 3 treatment groups (I-III) receiving nicotine subcutaneously for 7 days at dosages of 21 mg/ kgBW, 41 kg/kgBW and 84/kgBW, respectively. The observations comprised oocyte maturation stage, viz. germinal vesicle (GV), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I and metaphase II. Data were analyzed by one-way Anova with á=0.05, followed by Tukey’s HSD test.RESULTSOne-way Anova showed significant differences in oocyte  maturation in all groups. Tukey’s HSD test showed that for GV, the differing groups were control and I, control and II, I and III. For GVBD, the differing groups were control and I, I andII, I and III. For metaphase I, the differing groups were control with I, II, and III, I and II, I and III. For metaphase II, the differing groups were control versus I, II, and III, I and II, I and III.CONCLUSIONLow dose of nicotine is capable of affecting oocyte maturation in Rattus norvegicus.
Weekly lifestyle counselling improves glucose level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Amallia Nuggetsiana Setyawati; Inggar Octa Pusthika; Kusmiyati Tjahjono DK
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.108-117

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONRegular physical exercise and healthy life style have been demonstrated to improve health status of a number of populations. In adherence, counselling on life style and dietary nutrition have been one of the investigated methods todetermine its effectiveness toward metabolic syndrome predictors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lifestyle change and dietary counselling on glucose level, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure,total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.METHODSA randomized controlled trial was conducted and 26 diagnosed subjects with T2DM were enrolled in the study. After initial screening, they were randomized into the control group and the intervention group, following stratification by gender and age. The intervention group received weekly counselling andeducation, while the control group received counselling and education only once at the initial meeting. Independent t-test was used to compare the glucose level between the two-groups.RESULTSLifestyle counselling and dietary modification effected a significant improvement in blood glucose (p=0.002), but not in BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL. In addition, a positive time effect was found in theintervention group before and after treatment on BMI (p=0.009), waist circumference (p=0.0014), and glucose level (p=0.001). The intervention group also showed a significant positive attitude; almost all of the respondents tried to control their food intake and perform exercise regulary.CONCLUSIONDietary nutrition and lifestyle counselling improve blood glucose control in the short term.
Soy-isoflavone supplementation tends to reduce menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women Raditya Wratsangka; Atut Cicih Mayasari
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.118-127

Abstract

BACKGROUNDMenopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women tend to decrease healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL). The present study’s objective was to determine the effect of daily supplementation of 100 mg soy isoflavones on menopausalsymptoms of healthy postmenopausal women. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens abundantly found in soy beans, and several studies have demonstrated that isoflavones are the best among the phytoestrogens.METHODSThe study was a community-based double blind randomized controlled trial involving 60 healthy postmenopausal women, aged between 48–60 years, in the Mampang Prapatan District, South Jakarta. Participants were block-randomized to receive either 100 mg soy-isoflavone + 500 mg calcium carbonate (intervention group) or 500 mg calcium carbonate only (control group). Both supplements were taken daily for 12 weeks, from January to April 2010. Menopausal symptoms(measured by Menopause Rating Scale questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and after supplementation. Chi-square test was used to examine the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on menopausal symptoms.RESULTSFifty-six (93.3%) of participants completed the study. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in the prevalence of menopausal symptoms between the isoflavone group and the control group. However, supplementationof soy isoflavones for 12 weeks tended to decrease the prevalence of menopausal symptoms in women with normal body mass index and adequate daily dietary isoflavone intake.CONCLUSIONDaily supplementation of 100 mg soy isoflavones for 12 weeks tend to decrease the incidence of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.
Phaleria macrocarpa reduces glomerular growth factor expression in alloxan-induced diabetic rats Sulistyonongrum Evy; Setiawati Setiawati
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.71-79

Abstract

BACKGROUNDDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious complication of diabetes, causingend-stage renal disease throughout the world. Recent studies have reported adirect role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growthfactor-â (TGF-â) in DN pathogenesis. VEGF and TGF-â are expressed early inglomeruli in response to hyperglycemia. Active substances of Phaleriamacrocarpa (PM) pericarp are known to have nephroprotective effects. Thisstudy aimed to evaluate the effects of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerlpericarp extract on VEGF and TGF-â expression in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.METHODSAn experimental study was conducted on twenty five male albino (SpragueDawley) rats divided into five groups (of five each): normal control; diabetic;diabetic + metformin 100 mg/kgBW; diabetic + methanolic PM extract 250 mg/kgBW; and diabetic + aqueous PM extract 250 mg/kgBW. Diabetes was inducedby alloxan monohydrate 150 mg/BW intraperitoneally. Treatment was given for3 weeks. VEGF and TGF-â expression analysis was performed by means ofimmunohistochemical technique. Differences between groups were assessedby one-way ANOVA.RESULTSVEGF expression in the PM extract group was significantly lower than that in thediabetic group and even metformin group (p<0.01). TGF-â expression inmethanolic PM extract group was significantly lower than in diabetic andmetformin group (p<0.01), but aqueous PM extract group only showedsignificancy when compared with diabetic group (p< 0.01).CONCLUSIONSPhaleria macrocarpa pericarp extract reduces glomerular expression of TGF-âand VEGF in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Red fruit oil supplementation fails to prevent oxidative stress in rats Maria Dara Novi Handayani; Parwati Abadi Soekarno; Septelia Inawati Wanandi
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.86-91

Abstract

BACKGROUNDRed fruit oil (RFO) is popular in Indonesia especially in Papua. It is consumed by people for maintaining health and to treat diseases. Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil is reported to contain the antioxidants á-tocoferol and âcarotene.The aim of this study was to confirm the protective effect of RFOagainst decreased glutathione levels in the plasma and liver of rats induced by 2N-(2-fluorenyl) acetamide (2-FAA).METHODSWistar male rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were randomly assigned into a control group (receiving distilled water only) and three intervention groups, designated RFO, FAA, and RFO-FAA (n=6 rats per group). RFO was given RFO 10 ì l/g/BW/day, FAA received fluoroenylacetamide (FAA) at 40ìg/day, while RFOFAA received both RFO and FAA. At 4 weeks blood samples were taken from the tail. At 8 weeks the rats were sacrified for collection of blood and liver tissues. Ellman’s method was employed to determine the parameters of antioxidantglutathione (glutahione sulfhydryl/GSH). One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to compare glutathione levels between groups.RESULTSThis study showed that liver and plasma glutathione levels were not significantly lower in the RFO-FAA group than in the FAA group. Glutathione levels were significantly lower in plasma and liver homogenates of the RFO group compared with the control group and were not significantly different from those in theFAA group.CONCLUSIONAdministration of RFO in rats does not protect against decreased glutathione but is a potential source of oxidative stress.
Plasmodium falciparum infection and the risk of anemia in school children Suriyani Tan; Taniawati Supali; Heri Wibowo
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.128-134

Abstract

BACKGROUNDAccording to the World Health Organization, malaria is the major cause of death from tropical infections in children and pregnant women. Severe anemia is a common complication of malaria, particularly malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The purpose of the present study was to determine any association between Plasmodium falciparum infection and anemia in school children.METHODSThis was an observational study with cross-sectional approach. A total of 540 whole blood samples of school children after administration of anthelminthic treatment for 30 days, were collected for measurement of hemoglobin concentration and preparation of Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears.The species of Plasmodium was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chi-square and prevalence ratio (PR) tests were used to determine the relationship between Plasmodium falciparum infection and anemia.RESULTSThe prevalence of Plasmodium infection in school children of malarial endemic areas was 3.51%. There were 43 cases of anemia with 41 cases of mild anemia and 2 cases of moderate anemia. Among the 41 mild cases of anemia,Plasmodium falciparum infection was found in only 3 cases. The 2 cases of moderate anemia and the remaining 38 cases of mild anemia were not caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. Subjects with Plasmodium falciparum infection had a 1.91-fold higher risk of suffering from anemia than subjectswithout Plasmodium falciparum infection, but not significant (PR=1.91; 95% C.I.=0.65-5.62).CONCLUSIONSPlasmodium falciparum infection did not significantly increase the risk of anemia in school children. Efforts to improve strategies for controlling anemia and malaria are needed.
Andrographis paniculata extract induced apoptosis of adenocarcinoma mammae in C3H mice Nugrahaningsih Nugrahaningsih; Sarjadi Sarjadi; Edi Dharmana; Hartanto Wahyu Subagio
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.99-107

Abstract

BACKGROUNDApoptosis plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Induction of apoptosis is a strategy for developing cancer therapy. In vitro study found that andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata has anticancer activity by an apoptotic mechanism in cancer cell lines. The aim of the present study was to prove theeffect of Andrographis paniculata extract administered orally on apoptosis of mammary adenocarcinoma in C3H mice.METHODSThis study was of post test randomized control group design. Twenty four C3H mice with transplanted mammary adenocarcinomas were divided into four groups. To three groups Andrographis paniculata extract was administered orally for14 days, at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/day, respectively, whereas to the control group no Andrographis paniculata extract was administered. On day 15 the mice were terminated. The mammary adenocarcinomas were examined by the terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The values of the apoptotic index were expressed as mean±SD and analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation test.RESULTSThe mean apoptotic index values differed significantly among the experimental groups (p=0.001). The highest value was found in the group receiving Andrographis paniculata extract 15 mg/day, while the lowest was in the control group, the values being significantly correlated (r=0.974).CONCLUSIONSOral administration of Andrographis paniculata extract induced apoptosis in C3H mice with mammary adenocarcinoma
Antifungal activity of neem leaf ethanol extract on Aspergillus flavus Ayly Margaret; Hanna Yolanda; Wibisono Lies K
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.80-85

Abstract

BACKGROUNDAspergillosis is an infectious disease due to inhalation of Aspergillus spores.Drug resistance to aspergillosis has been reported since 14 years ago. Therefore,alternative treatment using herbals began to attract the attention of the medicalprofession and the community, because herbals are relatively safe and haveminimal side effects. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is an herb with broad spectrumbiological activity, but studies on the antifungal activity of neem leaves arelacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of neem leaveson Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus).METHODSThis was a laboratory experimental study using A. flavus samples obtained frombronchial washing specimens of inpatients. Neem leaf extract in ethanol (NLE)was prepared in various concentrations. Aspergillus. flavus antifungal activityof NLE were assessed by disc diffusion (using NLE at 1.0; 0.75; 0.50; 0.25 g/dL)and macrodilution (using NLE at 1.0; 0.75; 0.5; 0.25; 0.125 g/dL). Ketoconazole0.1 g/dL was used as antifungal positive control. Disc diffusion and macrodilutionwere conducted using Sabouraud dextrose agar and broth, to measure inhibitionzone diameter and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. Statisticalanalysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test from SPSS 15.RESULTSThere were significant differences in inhibition zone diameter (p = 0.034) betweenA. flavus samples exposed to NLE (1 g/dL) and the control group exposed toketoconazole (0.1 g/dL). The MIC of NLE against A. flavus was 0.5 g/dL.CONCLUSIONSNeem leaf ethanol extract has antifungal activity against A.flavus in vitro.
HIV antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis Richard Tjan
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.69-70

Abstract

According to 3 field trials conducted in Africa, one among African women and two amongheterosexual couples, antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for prevention of HIV-1 has beenshown to be effective.(1-3) In preexposure prophylaxis, persons without HIV infection are givenan oral drug before they have sexual contact with HIV-infected partners.(4) The drug in questionis tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a prodrug of tenofovir.(1) On the basis of the 3 field trials,the Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration has recommendeda combination of antiretroviral drugs (tenofovir/emtricitabine) for preexposure prophylaxis ofHIV.(5)TDF is currently indicated for the treatment of HIV in adults over 18 years of age orhepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults, or both. The drug is called a nucleotide reversetranscriptase inhibitor (NRTI), preventing the synthesis of viral copies by HIV reversetranscriptase or HBV DNA polymerase.(6) To retard the emergence of TDF resistance, the drugis usually given in combination with another antiviral, such as emtricitabine (FTC). Nucleic acidtesting for HIV virus when starting preexposure prophylaxis, may reduce the risk of resistance,but it is at present not an option in developing countries because of its high costs. Rare butpotentially serious adverse reactions to TDF are lactic acidosis and toxic effects on the liver andkidneys.(6) Because administration of TDF to healthy noninfected persons implies using the drugfor a prolonged period of many years, the long-term safety of TDF and the TDF-FTC combinationhas to be clearly established.(4)There is also a real possibility that preexposure prophylaxis may lead to relaxation of thecustomary precautions on the part of the sexual partners, such as engaging in increased riskysexual behavior or abandoning the use of conventional prophylactic measures (e.g. condoms). (4)This matter should be a problem for health educators.From a practical point of view, because of the potential of serious liver and kidney diseasecaused by TDF, the medical practitioner should prescribe preexposure prophylaxis only in highrisk cases, and not for prevention of HIV in otherwise healthy individuals, e.g. blood bankpersonnel or dental practitioners with a low risk of exposure to HIV, which are currently notindicated. Prescription should be done on an individual basis.Indeed, the old Hippocratic advice of not too readily prescribing any new modes of treatment,or in plain words - Wait and watch- still holds true. This is presumably one of the reasons for notblindly or overenthusiastically accepting HIV preexposure prophylaxis.

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