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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 602 Documents
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Resistance genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to cefixime and azithromycin Louisa Ivana Utami; Yeva Rosana
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.108-118

Abstract

Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection (STI), following Chlamydia. Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to antibiotics are increasing globally in the world. In recent years, many studies have reported reduced susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae to almost all clinically useful antibiotics and also reported cases of multi-resistance. Resistance mechanisms for N. gonorrhoeae can occur through genetic and non-genetic changes. Resistance to cefixime and azithromycin as first-line antibiotics for monotherapy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) has been reported from several countries. Genetic changes were reported as the main cause of N.gonorrhoeae resistance to cefixime and azithromycin. Based on the WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, countries are increasingly using a combination of cephalosporin and azithromycin for the treatment of gonorrhea. The aim of this review is to analyze genetic variation of N.gonorrhoeae resistance to cefixime and azithromycin. Articles published in English in the last 12 years (from 2010 to 2021) were retrieved from Science Direct, PubMed, Springerlink, Oxford and Nature using relevant searching terms. Mutants of cefixime-resistant N.gonorrhoeae are mediated by mosaic and non-mosaic penA genes encoding penicillin binding protein 2. In addition, mutations in the repressor and promoter genes of mtrR were also found that caused overexpression of the microbial efflux pump. Meanwhile, N. gonorrhoeae resistance to azithromycin reportedly occurs through two strategies, namely overexpression of the efflux pump (mutation of the mtrR codon region) and decreased affinity for antibiotics (single base mutation in the 23S rRNA gene). With the limited choice of antibiotics for the management of N.gonorrhoeae, it is necessary to do regular surveillance for monitoring drug resistance. By understanding the mechanism of resistance, the use of these antibiotics can be rationally optimized.
Hepatoprotective activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver faiure in Wistar rats Rachellicya Ristioni Sihaloho; Chodijah Chodijah; Titiek Sumarawati; Joko Wahyu Wibowo; Siti Thomas Zulaikhah; Agung Putra; Nurul Hidayah; Shabrina Syifa Ghaissani; Mohammad Ariq Nazar
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.61-69

Abstract

Background Acute liver failure (ALF) is a state of rapid and progressive deterioration of liver function. Continuous exposure to chemicals and viruses can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) which leads to prolonged inflammation due to the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-á) thus inhibiting the production of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract on PDGF levels and TNF-á levels in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALF rats. MethodsThis study used a post-test-only control group design involving 20 Wistar rats. They were randomized into 4 groups, namely sham, control, T1, and T2. Group T1 was exposed to CCl4 with the administration of A. bilimbi fruit extract at a dose of 500mg/kgBW, while, group T2 was exposed to CCl4 and given A. bilimbi fruit extract of 750 mg/kgBW. On the 15th day, the serum was analyzed to determine the levels of PDGF and TNF-á using ELISA. ResultsThe highest mean PDGF level in the control group was 146.60±15.36 pg/mL, while the highest mean TNF-á level in group T1 was 40.11±4.44 pg/mL. The One-way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences in TNF-á (p=0.002) and PDGF (p=0.000) levels between the study groups. ConclusionThe administration of A.bilimbi L. fruit extract affected PDGF and TNF-á levels in CCl4-induced ALF rats. The present study revealed that A. bilimbi fruits have significant hepatoprotective activity in experimental Wistar rats.
Headache in healthcare workers related to personal protective equipment use in COVID-19 referral hospital Ida Ayu Sri Wijayanti; Ni Putu Ayu Putri Mahadewi; Putu Gede Sudira; Kumara Tini; Ni Made Susilawathi; I Made Oka Adnyana
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.52-60

Abstract

BackgroundStudies show that wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for long periods of time can lead to discomfort such as headaches, which could affect the performance of healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of headaches related to PPE in healthcare workers at a COVID-19 referral hospital. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 174 healthcare workers in a COVID-19 referral hospital in Bali. We conducted interviews using a questionnaire that consisted of three main parts: characteristics of the subjects, PPE usage, and PPE-associated headaches. A multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data. ResultsThe analysis results showed that the PPE-associated headaches had a prevalence of 63.8% and were gradual in onset, pressure-like in quality (46%), and mild in intensity (80.1%). PPE level III-associated headache was the most common type. The majority of the participants had headaches up to 6 hours after using the protective gear, but improving within 15-30 minutes of removal and/or after pharmacotherapy. A Chi-squared analysis showed a statistically significant association between duration of PPE use, working units, and PPE levels (p<0.05). A logistic regression analysis found a significant relationship between PPE level and headache occurrence (OR=4.826;95%CI: 2.433-9.572; p<0.001). ConclusionThe frequency of PPE-associated headache was high and the PPE level was a risk factor of headache among healthcare workers. Better strategies are needed to reduce the duration of PPE exposure so that the work performance and quality of life of healthcare workers are not significantly affected.
Resveratrol protects against copper and iron toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Osaretin Godwin Igharo; Lucky Osemu EBALUEGBEIFOH; Godwin Aigbedo AIKPITANYI-IDUITUA; Henry Uzor OSHILONYAH; Idris Babatunde MOMODU
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.29-40

Abstract

BackgroundCopper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are essential trace elements that when in excess are capable of causing cytotoxic effects leading to lipid peroxidation and promoting oxidative stress. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of RES in Fe and Cu sulphate-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. MethodsAdult wild type flies were fed Cu2+ and Fe2+ (1 mM each) and/or RES (30 and 60 mg/kg diet) for 7 days. Survival, negative geotaxis and emergence rate were evaluated by daily recording of fruit fly mortality and final analysis. Fruit flies were anaesthetized using CO2 gas, homogenized and centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 °C. Aliquots of the supernatants were used for the estimation of biochemical markers using spectrophotometry. ResultsFruit flies co-treated with FeSO4 + CuSO4 (1 mM each) + RES (30 and 60 mg/Kg) significantly elevated H2O2, NO, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase as well as GSH, GST, catalase and total thiols (p<0.05) compared with the Cu2+ + Fe2+ (1mM each) treated group. Flies co-treated with FeSO4 + CuSO4 (1mM each) + RES (30 and 60mg/Kg) also had significantly improved (p< 0.05) eclosion and climbing rates compared with the Cu2+ + Fe2+ (1mM each) treated group. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that RES reduced Cu2+ and Fe2+-induced radical generation in D. melanogaster and improved the antioxidant buffering capability of the flies. Therefore, RES could be used in management of disorders involving oxidative stress.
Emotional eating in relation to gastrointestinal symptoms and burnout among young women during the pandemic Gulay YILMAZEL; Emre Keles; Nur Pinar Ayaz
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.21-28

Abstract

BackgroundThe emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), created unique constraints in everyday life. Emotional eating is a known phenomenon in disasters and is markedly associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. In this study, the aim was to assess the relationship of gastrointestinal symptom severity and COVID-19 burnout with emotional eating among young women during the pandemic disaster. MethodsA cross-sectional study approach was used to allow 462 young women participants in this study. The design of the questionnaires was based on demographics, health behaviors, Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale, Emotional Eating Scale and COVID-19 Burnout Scale. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean values, independent t-test, chi-squared test. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed for predicting risk factors of emotional eating. Significance levels were set at the 5% level. ResultsOf the women, 73.8% were emotional eaters. The level of COVID-19 burnout was moderate with mean score of 29.4±11.1 and emotional eating total score was 21.0±8.1. Increased number of meals, increased weight gain and shorter sleep time were significantly associated with emotional eating (p<0.05). Participants with more than three meals per day were more likely to be emotional eaters (Beta=4.26). The regression model showed that indigestion and COVID-19 burnout were strong risk factors of emotinal eating (p<0.05). ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that indigestion and COVID-19 burnout were strong risk factors of emotinal eating. Emotional eating could pose an additional health burden to young women in the form of poor food choices.
Potential role of probiotic supplementation in cognitive improvement and other metabolic biomarkers Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.1-3

Abstract

Influence of interspecies interactions on biomass and extracellular polymeric substances of bacterial biofilms Mercedes Baltazara Schettini Alava; Naga Raju Maddela
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.84-93

Abstract

BackgroundStudies with emphasis on pure and mixed-species biofilms are of significant importance in understanding biofilm formation mechanisms during microbial infections. This research aims to evaluate pure- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli (code A), Staphylococcus aureus (code B), Klebsiella pneumoniae (code C) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (code D) pathogenic bacterial species and their production of biofilm exopolysaccharides at laboratory scale. MethodsBiofilm biomass (A595) of pure- and dual-species cultures was determined by means of a microtiter plate assay in triplicate using a microplate photometer (Fisher Scientific, type-357). Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) were extracted from the biofilm cells (pure- and dual-species cultures) using the alkaline-heat extraction method. Dry weights (g/L) of EPS and SMP were determined by drying the samples at 105 °C for 8 hours. ResultsKlebsiella pneumoniae biofilm biomass accounted for a 28-72% greater biofilm biomass than the other bacteria. Experimental values of dual-species biofilm biomasses were in the range of 6% to 30% over theoretical values. The experimental value of one dual-species (bacteria B + D) biofilm biomass was 30% higher than its expected value. Decrease or increase in the dual-species biofilm biomass of either bacteria A+C or bacteria B+C combinations was totally dependent on the cell density of bacteria C. Conclusions Biofilm biomass of pure-species cultures was totally species-dependent, and the biofilm biomass of four species was in the following order: bacteria C > D > A > B. Relation between biofilm biomasses and SMP or EPS was inconsistent.
Effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on body composition and quality of life in overweight and obese women: a randomized control trial GÜNER ÇİÇEK; Rabia Hurrem OZDURAK SINGIN
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.70-83

Abstract

BackgroundObesity has become a major health issue in the world and directly reduces the quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on body composition and quality of life (QoL) in overweight and obese women. Method An experimental study involving 90 overweight/obese women aged between 20-45 years participated in the study voluntarily and were randomized into control (n=30), aerobic exercise (AE) (n=30), and resistance exercise (RE) (n=30) groups. Either AE or RE groups performed exercise for 60 minutes per day for 10 weeks, whereas the control group did not perform any exercise. The body composition and QoL of the women were measured before and after the exercise. ResultsBody weight, BMI, fat mass, and waist and hip circumferences decreased significantly in both AE and RE groups after the exercise intervention compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, quality of life sub-dimensions including physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and environment sub-dimensions improved significantly in the AE and RE groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). Post hoc Tukey test showed that AE was as effective as RE for improving body composition parameters and QoL sub dimension compared to control group. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that both AE and RE were effective in improving body composition and thereby increasing the QoL in overweight and obese women. Both AE and RE programs are effective and should be considered within any multicomponent therapy program in overweight and obese women.
Effect of spinal anesthesia with sufentanil on length of stages I and II of labor in singleton pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial Mina Yadollahi; Kambiz Sadegi; Batool Shahraki Mojahed
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.94-100

Abstract

BackgroundLabor pain is one of the most painful experiences in a women's life. One of the methods of pain relief is spinal anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spinal anesthesia with sufentanil on the length of the first and second stages of labor in singleton pregnant women. MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted involving 56 women who had to be at least 37 weeks pregnant with a singleton pregnancy and 20 to 35 years of age, as well as seeking a spontaneous natural delivery. They were randomized into an intervention group (spinal anesthesia with sufentanil) of 28 subjects and a control group (no spinal anesthesia) of 28 subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software program 20.0. ResultsMean duration of stage I of labor was 152.32 ± 92.01 and 187.68 ± 121.01 minutes in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p=0.34), whereas mean duration of stage II of labor in the 2 groups was 15.96 ± 14.26 and 26.43 ± 20.90 minutes, respectively (p=0.06). Twenty five percent of women in the intervention group and 35.71% of women in the control group experienced a long stage I, whereas 21.43% of women in the intervention group and 35.71% of women in the control group experienced a long stage II (p>0.05). ConclusionThis study suggests that spinal anesthesia with sufentanil does not increase the duration of labor stages. It is recommended that more studies be performed in the future using larger sample sizes to allow for the drawing of solid conclusions.
Placental growth factor as a screening tool of preeclampsia Raditya Wratsangka
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.4-5

Abstract

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