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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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Kota manado,
Sulawesi utara
INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,131 Documents
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ANALISIS KESESUAIAN PENERAPAN STANDAR PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI PUSKESMAS KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA Stacy Harry Tamawiwy; Widya Astuty Lolo; Imam Jayanto
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.11.2022.41743

Abstract

ABSTRACT Pharmaceutical service standards have been regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 74 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards at Public Health Center, but there are pharmaceutical service activities that have not been implemented, including destruction and withdrawal of drugs, monitoring of drug side effects, and drug therapy monitoring. This study aims to determine the percentage of compliance with the application of pharmaceutical standards at the Health Center of North Minahasa Regency based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 74 of 2016. This research is a descriptive type of research with a prospective and retrospective approach. The population in this study were all Public Health Centers in North Minahasa Regency and the sample in this study were Public Health Center located on Jalan Manado - Bitung as many as 4. Retrieval of data are through interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Based on the results of the study, the percentage of compliance with the application of pharmaceutical service standards with the Minister of Health Number 74 of 2016 is 72,14%. It can be concluded that the suitability of the application of pharmaceutical service standards at the Health Center of North Minahasa Regency is included in the sufficient category. Keyword: Public Health Center, Pharmaceutical Service Standards. ABSTRAK Standar pelayanan kefarmasian telah diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 74 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarnasian di Puskesmas, akan tetapi terdapat kegiatan pelayanan kefarmasian yang belum terlaksana, antara lain pemusnahan dan penarikan obat, monitoring efek samping obat, serta pemantauan terapi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase kesesuaian penerapan standar kefarmasian di Puskesmas Kabupaten Minahasa Utara berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 74 Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan prospektif dan retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh Puskesmas di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu Puskesmas yang berada di Jalan Manado – Bitung sebanyak 4 Puskesmas. Pengambilan data melalui wawancara, kuesioner, dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh persentase kesesuaian penerapan standar pelayanan kefarmasian dengan Permenkes Nomor 74 Tahun 2016 sebesar 72,14%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesesuaiaan penerapan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas Kabupaten Minahasa Utara termasuk dalam kategori cukup. Kata Kunci: Puskesmas, Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN TERHADAP KADAR KAFEIN PADA BIJI KOPI DI KOTA SURAKARTA SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS Iswandi Iswandi
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.11.2022.41744

Abstract

ABSTRACTCoffee is a type of plantation plant that has been cultivated for a long time and has a fairly high economic value. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking time on caffeine levels in Robusta and Arabica coffee beans using the maceration method. The coffee beans were ground, then the powder was sieved and extracted using 70% alcohol using the 3, 5 and 7 day maceration immersion method. The extract obtained was extracted with chloroform and determined using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The results showed that the caffeine content of Robusta coffee for 3, 5 and 7 days was 4.82±0.04; 5.59±0.04 and 6.55±0.06. Arabica type caffeine content obtained 3.83±0.02; 5.04±0.02; and 6.45±0.03. It was concluded that there were differences in the levels of caffeine contained in Robusta and Arabica coffee beans by varying the duration of immersion for 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, but for both Robusta and Arabica coffee types, there was no difference in the extracted caffeine content. Keywords: Caffeine, Robusta, Arabica, Spectrophotometry UV-Vis  ABSTRAKKopi merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman perkebunan yang sudah lama dibudidayakan dan memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman terhadap kadar kafein dalam biji kopi Robusta dan Arabika dengan menggunakan metode maserasi. Biji kopi dihaluskan kemudian serbuk diayak dan diesktraksi menggunakan alkohol 70 % dengan menggunakan metode maserasi perendaman 3, 5 dan 7 hari. Ekstrak didapat diekstraksi dengan dengan kloroform dan ditetapkan kadarnya menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar kafein kopi jenis Robusta untuk 3, 5 dan 7 hari diperoleh 4,82±0,04; 5,59±0,04 dan 6,55±0,06. kadar kafein jenis Arabika diperoleh 3,83±0,02; 5,04±0,02; dan 6,45±0,03. Disimpulkan bahwa adanya perbedaan kadar kafein yang terkandung pada biji kopi robusta dan arabica dengan divariasikan lamanya perendaman 3 hari, 5 hari, 7 hari, tetapi untuk jenis kopi baik Robusta dan Arabika tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar kafein yang terekstraksi. Kata kunci: Kafein, Robusta, Arabica, Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Liosina paradoxa sponge ethanol extract's antioxidant activity test taken from Poopoh Village's Southern Beach Polakitan, Odelia Amabel; Yudistita, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.49396

Abstract

Liosina paradoxa sponge is one of the Indonesian marine biota that contains compounds that have strong bioactivity. This study was conducted with the intention to determine the antioxidant activity contained in Liosina paradoxa sponge. This research is a laboratory experimental research where this test uses DPPH method. The results showed that Liosina paradoxa sponge has antioxidant activity with the highest concentration having a percentage reaching 75%.
TOXICITY TESTING OF SOURSOP LEAF EXTRACT (Annona muricata l.) AS AN ANTICANCER CANDIDATE WITH THE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT) METHOD Wauran, Vania Patrisia
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.49449

Abstract

Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) contain several secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and is one of the plants used to prevent and treat cancer. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing whether the secondary metabolite compounds contained in soursop leaves and the potential of soursop leaves as anticancer candidates against Artemia salina Leach larvae. The extraction method used to extract soursop leaves is the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Phytochemical screening tests in this study include examination tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. Toxicity testing using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using 4 concentrations (1000 ppm,  100 ppm, 10 ppm, 1 ppm) and carried out three replication. The results of research obtained in phytochemical screening tests, soursop leaves have alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and compound. The results showed that the total death toxicity testing at a concentration of 1000 ppm 83%, at a concentration of 100 ppm 67%, at a concentration of 10 ppm 47% and at a concentration of 1 ppm 30%. The higher the concentration of soursop leaf extract, the higher the mortality from shrimp larvae and the LC50 value of  12.57 ppm. Based on  the LC50 value , it can be concluded that soursop leaf extract has the potential as an anticancer candidate and is very toxic because had an LC50 which < 30 ppm.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT (Polycarpa aurata) OBTAINED FROM THE WATERS OF POOPOH VILLAGE, MINAHASA REGENCY Ghanny, Ath Thariq Fadhli Adhimul Ghanny; Yudistira, Adhitya; Lebang, Julianri Sari
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.49459

Abstract

One of the potential marine ingredients that are needed in the fields of food, cosmetics and health is as a source of antioxidants. Antioxidants inhibit the decay of certain substances, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit cell aging, and ward off free radicals. One marine organism that has potential as a natural antioxidant is Tunikata Polycarpa aurata. This study aims to test the antioxidant activity of Polycarpa aurata ethanol extract obtained from the coast of Poopoh Village, Minahasa Regency. The test uses the DPPH method with concentrations of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm to analyze antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometer. The results obtained the greatest antioxidant activity in Polycarpa aurata with a concentration of 100 ppm with an average percent inhibition of 80.744%. The results of this study showed the antioxidant activity of Polycarpa aurata from the waters of Poopoh Village, Minahasa Regency has good antioxidant activity. Keywords: Polycarpa aurata, Antioxidant, DPPH, Poopoh Village, Minahasa Regency.
Evaluation of Drug Prescription Appropriateness for BPJS Kesehatan Patients Against the National Formulary at Noongan Regional General Hospital Kountur, Gabriela; Lolo, Widya Astuty; Rundengan, Gerald Edward
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.49716

Abstract

The prescription of medication in healthcare facilities that collaborate with health social security administering agency refers to the National Formulary. Writing prescriptions that do not comply with the National Formulary can affect the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospitals and may result in rejected prescriptions for patients. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of drug prescription compliance among BPJS Health patients with the National Formulary during the period of January to June in 2021 and 2022 at noongan regional general hospital, as well as to compare the percentage of prescription compliance between the years 2021 and 2022 during the same period. This research employed a descriptive design with retrospective data collection. The results of the study revealed an average percentage of prescription compliance with the National Formulary of 69.25% during the period of January to June 2021. However, during the period of January to June 2022, there was a decrease in the percentage to 67.22%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the compliance of prescription writing with the National Formulary has not yet reached the established standard.
EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF LEILEM LEAVES (Clerodendrum minahassae) ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF MALE WHITE RATS Lengkong, Cheisy Anastasya Gratia; Bodhi, Widdhi; Datu, Olvie Syenni; Fatimawali
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.49750

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a global chronic disease with more than 500 million patientes. Leilem leaf is an endemic plant of North Sulawesi from the genus Clerodendrum which is believed potentially antidiabetic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of leilem leaf on blood glucose levels and body weight of male white rats. The extraction of leilem leaves using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. This study used the pretest posttest control group design method with 5 groups, namely group I positive control of metformin, group II negative control of 0.5% Na-CMC, group III, IV, and V were extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW. All groups were induced with 120 mg/kg BW of alloxan. The results showed that leilem leaf extract had a significant effect (Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001) on rats blood glucose levels with the best percentage in group V extract dose of 400 mg/kgBW and had no significant effect on body weight.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF YELLOW PUMPKIN LEAVES (Cucurbita moschata) ON MALE WHITE RATS (Rattus norvegicus) Tamahiwu, Natasya Ester Rebeca; Bodhi, Widdhi; Datu, Olvie Syenni; Fatimawali , Fatimawali
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.49751

Abstract

Pumpkin is a plant that contains many natural phenolic compounds, making it potential as an antioxidant, antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic. The aims of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract of pumpkin leaves on blood glucose levels and body weight on male white rats induced by alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kgBW. The type of research used in this study was an experimental laboratory using the pre test and post test with control group design methods. Rats was divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 3 rats. Group I as the positive control was given metformin, group II as the negative control was given 0,5% CMC Na, groups III, IV and V as the treatment group were given extract doses of 150 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW. The results showed that the ethanol extract of pumpkin leaves had a significant effect on decreasing blood glucose levels of rats P(< 0,05) and had no significant effect on the body weight of rats P(> 0,05) and the dose of the extract was the best in reducing glucose levels blood of rats is a dose of 600 mg/kgBW
Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Sylissa carteri from the Waters of Poopoh Village, Minahasa Regency Imanuela, Glorensia
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.50036

Abstract

Sponges are one of the marine biota that has great potential to produce active compounds. The metabolic process of the Stylissa carteri sponge can produce secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolite compounds produced by sponges have many benefits, one of which is as an antioxidant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the sponge Stylissa carteri obtained from the waters of Poopoh Village Minahasa Regency. The Stylissa carteri sponge was extracted by maceration method and using a solvent, namely ethanol. Testing of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- pikrihydrazyl) method which was measured using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the Stylissa carteri sponge extract had antioxidant activity with the highest inhibition percentage at a concentration of 100 ppm that is 78,2%.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF Liosina paradoxa SPONGE EXTRACT FROM POOPOH COASTAL WATERS, MINAHASA REGENCY Pantow, Vania Consuella
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.50042

Abstract

Liosina paradoxa  sponge contains an active compound that can act as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Liosina paradoxa  on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research was conducted using an experimental method. Extraction uses the maceration method to extract the active compounds from the Liosina paradoxa  sponge. The extraction results were tested to determine whether there was antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the test used the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method. The results of the test showed that there was antibacterial activity marked by the presence of an inhibition zone around the disc paper of the extract test solution on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a medium inhibition zone diameter of 7.25 mm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with a medium inhibition zone diameter of 8.25 mm.

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