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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
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Articles 1,131 Documents
 110   111   112   113   114 
ANTIPYRETICS EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PARE LEAVES (Momordica charantia L.) ON MALE WHITE RAT (Rattus norvegicus) polii, elisabeth
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.50185

Abstract

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a plant that contains flavonoids. Based on previous studies, it has been reported that flavonoid compounds have antipyretic activity. The aim of this study is to test the antipyretic effect of bitter melon leaf extract (Momordica charantia L.). This study uses a laboratory experimental research design employing male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) as the test subjects. Bitter melon leaf extract was administered at different doses, namely 3.6 mg, 7.2 mg, and 14.4 mg. Each rat was induced to have a fever with a 0.2 ml intramuscular dose of the DPT vaccine. Temperature measurements were taken before and after induction for 2-3 hours and every 30 minutes until the 180th minute. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD tests. The research results indicate that the ethanol extract of bitter melon leaves (Momordica charantia L.) has an antipyretic effect that can lower the body temperature in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) at a dose of 3.6 mg.
EVALUATION OF PINEAPPLE PEEL ETHANOL EXTRACT CAPSULES AS A NATURAL IMMUNOMODULATOR Purnamasari M, Vina
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.52574

Abstract

Immunomodulators are drugs that can modify immune responses and stimulate natural defense mechanisms. Natural immunomodulator preparations are an alternative solution to using synthetic immunomodulators, because they are safer and have minimal side effects. The immunomodulatory in this research was made from underutilized pineapple skin. This research is focused on finding out the best formulation with varying concentrations of starch as a filler for immunomodulatory preparations from pineapple peel ethanol extract. Research methods include: pineapple peel preparation, extraction of secondary metabolite compounds from pineapple peel with ethanol solvent, phytochemical testing, capsule preparation formulation, and evaluation. Evaluation of capsule preparations: weight uniformity test, disintegration time test, flow velocity test, angle of repose test, and moisture content test. Phytochemical test results show that pineapple peel ethanol extract contains terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and tannins which have potential as immunomodulators. Formulation 1 has test results for angle of response, flow time, stable humidity, uniform weight, and does not break easily. Therefore, formulation 1 (starch 59.58 mg) is the best natural immunomodulator preparation from pineapple peel.
Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Sarcophyton sp. Obtained at Parentek Beach, Minahasa Regency Berlian Tasya Tumundo; Adithya Yudistira; Erladys Melindah Rumondor
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.55114

Abstract

Sarcophyton sp. contain bioactive compounds that are efficacious as antioxidants. The purpose of this research is to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract produced by Sarcophyton sp. By extraction using maceration method with 95% ethanol solvent and testing using DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results of data analysis of % inhibition obtained were 47.09% (20 ppm), 54.8% (40 ppm), 56.7% (60 ppm), 60.6% (80 ppm) and 62.4% (100 ppm). The ethanol extract of Sarcophyton sp. obtained from Parentek Beach, Minahasa Regency has the highest antioxidant activity at a concentration of 100 ppm which is 62.4%..
Test of Anti-inflammatory Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Green Betel Leaves (Piper betle L.) on White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced with Formaldehyde Turangan, Pricilia Dona; Bodhi, Widdhi; Lebang, Julianri Sari
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.55130

Abstract

Green betel leaves are known to contain tannin and flavonoid compounds which have the potential to provide anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of green betel leaves with several variations as an anti-inflammatory on edema of white rat’s paw induced by 1% formaldehyde given intraplantarly. Animals that had been induced by formaldehyde were given ethanol extract of green betel leaves after 30 minute,then the diameter of the rat's paw edema was measured using a caliper. The results showed that the negative control experienced an increase in the percentage of inflammation by 77.87% which was significantly different from the positive control, while the extract test group with doses of 25 mg/200gBW, 30 mg/200gBW, and 40 mg/200gBW could provide a decrease in the percentage value of inflammation respectively. - respectively 34.07%, 21.76%, and 4.80% and all three were not significantly different from the positive control (Asymptotic significance≥0.05). Based on research results, ethanol extract of green betel leaves can provide anti-inflammatory effects at a dose of 40 mg/200gBW as the best dose in reducing the diameter of rat paw edema.
Investigating the antibacterial activity of sponge extract Callyspongia aerizusa from the waters of Parentek Beach, Lembone East District, Minahasa Regency Christania Sigarlaki; Defny Silvia Wewengkang; Gerald Edward Rundengan
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.55211

Abstract

Callyspongia aerizusa is one type of sponge that grows in the waters of Indonesia, like sponges in general, this species has a porous body and a hard surface like stone. In addition, C. aerizusa can also absorb oxygen from water through the diffusion process. This study aims to determine whether there is antibacterial activity of C. aerizusa sponge extract from Parentek Beach Waters, East Lembean District, Minahasa Regency. This study uses the agar diffusion method (Kirby Bauer diffusion dics) and will see the inhibition zone that will be generated based on its category. Based on the results of the research, C. aerizusa sponge extract has a diameter of inhibition zone produced, namely on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria 8 mm in a concentration of 250 ug and for Eschericia coli bacteria it has no inhibition zone produced
Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract from Callyspongia arizusa Obtained from Parentek Beach, Minahasa Regency Miracle Cristia Meyfi Bambulu; Adithya Yudistira; Erladys Melindah Rumondor
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.55265

Abstract

Callyspongia aerizusa is one of the sponges that has compounds with high activity and has a porous body surface structure so that it is included in the phylum porifera. Antioxidants are compounds that work by binding free radicals so that they can inhibit oxidation reactions. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of Callyspongia aerizusa. This research is a laboratory experiment by testing the ethanol extract of Callyspongia aerizusa using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results of data analysis of % inhibition were 48.9% (100 ppm), 51.09% (120 ppm), 51.32% (140 ppm), 52.00% (160 ppm), and 53.73% (180 ppm). The highest antioxidant activity was achieved at a concentration of 180 ppm with a percent inhibition of 53.73%. This shows that the sample of Callyspongia aerizusa obtained from Parentek Beach, Minahasa Regency has antioxidant activity
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract from Phyllospongia lamellosa Obtained in Parentek Beach, Minahasa Regency Karunia Ritje Virginia Rintjap; Adithya Yudistira; Yuanita Amalia Hariyanto
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.55294

Abstract

Sponges are one of the components of coral reef biota that are quite widespread. Almost 75% of the sponge species found in the waters are classes of Demospongiae. Asymmetrical in shape, demospongiae grow in various sizes from small to more than 2 meters. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Phyllospongia lamellosa obtained using DPPH method. The results of data analysis of % inhibition values are 20 ppm concentration (41.80%), 40 ppm concentration (43.78%), 60 ppm concentration (46.65%), 80 ppm concentration (47.25%), 100 ppm concentration (48.42%). This shows that the Phyllospongia lamellosa sponge sample obtained from Parentek Beach, Minahasa Regency has antioxidant effectiveness but is not active because the highest percent inhibition value at a concentration of 100 ppm is only 48.42%.
Antibacterial Efficay Test of Ethanol Extract of Yaki Areca Nut (Areca vestiaria) Against the Growth of Propionibacterium acnes, the Cause of Acne. Pabundu, Daniel; Simbala, Herny; Hariyanto, Yuanita Amalia
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.55524

Abstract

A bacterial skin infection that is often experienced by everyone, especially in adolescence, is acne(Acne vulgaris). Acne is caused by the accumulation of excess oil in the skin, thus becoming a medium for bacterial growth, which causes acne. The use of natural antibiotics can be a therapeutic option in the treatment of acne. One of the plants that potentially has antbacterial activity is Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria). The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of areca nut fruit against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes that causes acne. The test of antibacterial activity of areca nut extract with the pitting method found that at a concentration of 10% the antibacterial activity was included in the weak group, 20% was included in the medium group, while those included in the strong group in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes were extracts with concentrations of 40%, 60% and 80%..
Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Content Total Flavonoids Of Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Matoa Leaves Using UV-VIS Spectrophotometry islamiyati, Ricka
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.55953

Abstract

Excessive amounts of free radicals will cause pathological effects that result in degenerative diseases. The free radical oxidation process can be neutralized by antioxidants. Antioxidants are compounds that have the ability to eliminate, clean and resist the effects of free radicals. Matoa leaf plants are used as traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The leaves of matoa contain active compounds in the form of saponins, flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoids can act as antioxidants because they can provide an electron to free radicals. The aim of this research was to determine the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of matoa (Pometia Pinnata) leaf ethyl acetate extract which was tested using the DPPH free radical reduction method. The extraction process was carried out using the maceration method using ethyl acetate solvent in a ratio of 1:5. Determination of total flavonoid levels was carried out by adding AlCl3 and sodium acetate reagents. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH free radical reduction method with quercetin as a comparison. Analysis was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Research shows that the yield of matoa leaf ethyl acetate extract was 20.7161 grams. Ethyl acetate extract of matoa leaves contains chemical compounds in the form of saponins, flavonoids and tannins. The total flavonoid content obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of matoa leaves was 6.19% and the IC 50 value was 34.21 ppm, while quercetin as a comparison had an IC 50 value of 4.75 ppm. Ethyl acetate extract of matoa (Pometia Pinnata) leaves has a total flavonoid content of 6.19% and very strong antioxidant activity, the same as quercetin as a comparison.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Lissoclinum patella Extract Obtained from the Coastal Waters of Parentek Village, East Lembean District, Minahasa Regency Kiwol, Hilda; Wewengkang, Defny; Rumondor, Erladys
PHARMACON Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.13.2024.55990

Abstract

Ascidians are a class of marine tunicates that are included in marine invertebrate organisms. Tunicates (Ascidian) are animals included in the subphylum Urochordata, which have a small bag-like body shape and generally live in marine waters. The body of this animal is covered by a coat (tunic) formed from protein and polysaccharide compounds. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of ascidian Lissoclinum patella against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Extraction uses maceration method to extract active compounds from ascidian Lissoclinum patella. The results of the extract were tested whether there was antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, the test used the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method. The results of the test showed antibacterial activity with a marked inhibition zone around the disc paper of the extract test solution on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a medium inhibition zone diameter of 7.6 mm and Escherichia coli bacteria with a medium inhibition zone diameter of 6.3 mm.

Page 113 of 114 | Total Record : 1131

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