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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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Kota manado,
Sulawesi utara
INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,131 Documents
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PERHITUNGAN ANGKA KUMAN DAN INDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI DARI ALAT MAKAN PADA RESTORAN, WARUNG MAKAN PERMANEN SEDERHANA, DAN PEDAGANG MAKANAN KAKI LIMA DI KOTA MANADO Alhabsyi, Nabilla
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.12317

Abstract

PERHITUNGAN ANGKA KUMAN DAN INDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI DARI ALAT MAKAN PADA RESTORAN, WARUNG MAKAN PERMANEN SEDERHANA, DAN PEDAGANG MAKANAN KAKI LIMA DI KOTA MANADO   Nabilla Alhabsyi1), Feky R. Mantiri1), Febby E. F. Kandou1) 1)Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado ABSTRACT A research about determination of bacteria number and identification of bacteria from food utensils in restaurant, small food stall and street food vendors has done. The research aimed to find out general description about sanitation hygiene of food management on food utensils in three types caterer at Manado City and then to indentified bacteria and determined of bacteria number on the food utensils. The study has conducted on sterilization of equipment, making a medium, isolation procedure, observation of bacterial colonies, and identification of isolates. Based on testing showed that the highest cell growth of bacterial colonies was isolate boulevart 3 with amount of cell colonies 226,66 and was followed by isolate boulevart 2 with amount of cell colonies 156 whereas the lowest cell growth of bacterial colonies was isolate Kampung Kodo 10,66. The Biochemical testing and staining of gram bacteria has observed are negative and positive Gram bacteria which are E. coli, Klebsiella sp, Neisseria sp, Basillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords : Bacteria, Food Tools   ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang perhitungan angka kuman dan identifikasi bakteri dari alat makan pada restoran, warung makan permanen sederhana dan pedagang makanan kaki lima di Kota Manado. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran umum keadaan higiene sanitasi pengelolaan makanan pada peralatan makan di tiga tipe penyedia makanan di Kota Manado serta mengidentifikasi bakteri dan menghitung angka kuman pada peralatan makan tersebut. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi sterilisasi alat, pembuatan medium, prosedur isolasi, pengamatan koloni bakteri, dan identifikasi isolat. Berdasarkan pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan sel koloni bakteri paling tinggi yaitu isolat boulevart 3 dengan jumlah sel koloni 226,66 serta diikuti oleh isolat boulevart 2 dengan jumlah sel koloni 156 sedangkan pertumbuhan sel koloni bakteri yang paling rendah yaitu isolat Kampung Kodo 10,66. Untuk pengujian biokimia dan pewarnaan gram bakteri yang berhasil diamati adalah bakteri Gram negatif dan bakteri Gram positif diantaranya adalah  E. coli, Klebsiella sp, Neisseria sp, Basillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, dan Staphylococcus aureus.   Kata Kunci: Bakteri, Alat Makan  
UJI EFEKTIVITAS JUS BUAH JAMBU BIJI MERAH (Psidium guajava, Linn.) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN (HB) DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvergicus L.) Sambou, Christel Nataniel
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5420

Abstract

ABSTRACTRed guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is trusted by the public as a drug which serves to increaseblood hemoglobin levels. This study aimed at determining the effect of increased volume ofred Guava fruit juice on blood hemoglobin levels of white male Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus L.). This type of research is experimental laboratory using the male Wistar ratswhich were divided into 5 treatment groups. Treatment group 1 (KP1) were administeredwith aquadest, KP2 were administered with sangobion, KP3 were administered with Guavafruit juice 2 mL/bw, KP4 were administered with guava fruit juice 2.5 mL/bw and KP5 wereadministered with guava fruit juice 3 mL/bw. Each treatment administered orally, 3 timesdaily for 3 days. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and One Way ANOVA. The resultshows that red guava fruit juice has the influence to increase the blood hemoglobin levels,which is based on the significant differences with KP3 and KP4 but there is no significantdifference with KP2 on the blood hemoglobin levels of the male wistar rats.Key words : Psidium guajava Linn, Rattus novergicus L, Hemoglobin (Hb)ABSTRAKJambu biji merah (Psidium guajava Linn.) dipercaya oleh masyarakat sebagai obat untukmeningkatkan kadar hemoglobin darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhdan hubungan peningkatan volume pemberian jus buah Jambu biji merah (Psidium guajavaLinn.) terhadap kadar hemoglobin darah tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicusL.). Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental laboratorium yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompokperlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan (KP1) 1 diberi aquades, KP2 diberi larutan sangobion, KP3diberi jus buah Jambu biji 2 mL/KgBB, KP4 diberi jus buah Jambu biji 2,5 mL/KgBB danKP5 diberi jus buah Jambu biji 3 mL/KgBB. Masing-masing perlakuan diberikan secaraperoral, 3 kali sehari selama 3 hari. Data dianalisis dengan uji-t data berpasangan dan ujianalisis varians satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jus buah Jambu biji merahmemberikan pengaruh peningkatkan kadar hemoglobin darah yang berdasarkan uji statistikKP5 memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan KP3 dan KP4 tetapi tidak ada perbedaanyang signifikan dengan KP2 terhadap kadar hemoglobin darah tikus putih jantan galur wistar.Kata kunci : Psidium guajava Linn, Rattus novergicus L, Hemoglobin (Hb)
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN TERHADAP MUTU PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI PUSKESMAS TANAWANGKO Bunet, Greey C.E.; Lolo, Widya A.; Rumondor, Erladys M.
PHARMACON Vol 9, No 3 (2020): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.9.2020.30024

Abstract

ABSTRACTPatient satisfaction is an important indicator for pharmaceutical services and has a close relationship with service quality. A good quality of services will provide satisfaction to patient so that it affects to return the Health Center. The purpose of this study was to determine the satisfaction of outpatients with the quality of pharmaceutical services at the Tanawangko Health Center. This research is a descriptive study and the data collection tool used is the questionnaire given to 277 respondents. Based on the research results obtained, it is known that each question on the 5 dimensions has a negative value with an average value (-0.38) this value is obtained from the average value of the total service quality index between expectations and reality, meaning the patient is not satisfied. The reality received is lower yhan expectations.Keywords :  Level of satisfaction, expectations, reality. ABSTRAK Kepuasan pasien merupakan indikator penting bagi pelayanan kefarmasian dan memiliki hubungan erat dengan kualitas pelayanan. Kualitas pelayanan yang baik akan memberikan kepuasan kepada pasien sehingga mempengaruhi pasien untuk kembali lagi ke Puskesmas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien rawat jalan terhadap mutu pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas Tanawangko. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner diberikan kepada 277 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, diketahui bahwa setiap pertanyaan pada 5 dimensi memiliki nilai negatif dengan nilai rata-rata (-0,38) nilai ini diperoleh dari rata-rata nilai indeks total kualitas pelayanan antara harapan dan kenyataan, artinya pasien tidak puas. Kenyataan yang diterima lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan harapan.Kata Kunci  : Tingkat kepuasan, harapan, kenyataan.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PARTISIPASI PRIA DALAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI LINGKUNGAN IV KELURAHAN TELING ATAS KOTA MANADO Suikromo, Fitri Wulandani
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10344

Abstract

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PARTISIPASI PRIA DALAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI LINGKUNGAN IV KELURAHAN TELING ATAS KOTA MANADO Fitri Wulandani Suikromo1), Ardiansa Tucunan1), Christian Tilaar1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado ABSTRACT Male participation can be interpreted as a man's responsibility, involvement and participation of men in family planning and reproductive health with sexual behavior that is healthy and safe for his pair, family and himself. Lack of family planning practices among men is caused by lack of access to services in family planning man. The purpose of this research is to Analyze whether there is a relationship between knowledge and attitude with the participation of men in family planning. This study used analytic survey method with cross sectional study design. The number of samples taken in this study is based on inclusion and exclusion criteria are 63PUS. This study was conducted in february – may 2015 in the village telling top enviromental IV. Univariate and Bivariate analysis used by using Chi-Square test and the research instrument was a questionnaire.The result of chi-square test showed that there is a relationship between knowledge and participation of men in family planning programs (p=0.000) and there is a relationship between the attitude and the participation of men in family planning's program (p=0.000). Conclusion in thus study is There is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge about the participation of men in family planning with the participation of men in family planning, there is a significant relationship between attitudes toward male participation in family planning with the participation of men in family planning.   Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Male Participation ABSTRAK Partisipasi pria dapat diartikan sebagai tanggung jawab pria, keterlibatan dan keikutsertaan pria ber-KB dan kesehatan reproduksi serta perilaku seksual yang sehat dan aman bagi dirinya, pasangannya serta keluarganya.Rendahnya praktik KB di kalangan pria disebabkan oleh rendahnya akses pria terhadap pelayanan KB. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan partisipasi pria dalam KB. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Jumlah sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi adalah sebanyak 63PUS. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari – Mei 2015 di Lingkungan IV Kelurahan Teling Atas. Analisis Univariat dan Bivariat yang digunakan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan partisipasi pria dalam Program KB (p = 0,000) dan terdapat hubungan antara sikap dan partisipasi pria dalam program KB (p = 0,000). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang partisipasi pria dalam KB dengan partisipasi pria dalam KB, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap terhadap partisipasi pria dalam KB dengan partisipasi pria dalam KB   Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Partisipasi Pria, Keluarga Berencana
PROFIL PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT KOTA MANADO MENGENAI ANTIBIOTIKA AMOKSISILIN Pandean, Friskilia; Tjitrosantoso, Heedy; Goenawi, Lily Ranty
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 2 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.1690

Abstract

Medicine gives lots of benefits for human being, if it used properly. Improper use of drugscause problem with health, medication failure, even death (WHO, 2004). Antibiotic as drugswhich cure infection must be used correctly. One of antibiotics most used by society isamoxicillin. The aims of this research was to find out how far the knowledge of Manado citysociety about antibiotic especially amoxicillin. This research was descriptive with crosssectional approach. Sampling method were quota sampling namely 150 respondens ofManado city people which divided into three groups : health student, health workers and nonhealth workers. Based on results, Manado city society possess middle knowledge aboutamoxicillin antibiotics by 49,3 %. Most of respondents in health workers group possess highknowledge by 70 %, health student possess middle knowledge by 68 %, and non healthworkers possess middle knowledge by 52 % about amoxicillin antibiotic.Keywords: Antibiotic, Amoxicillin, knowledge
HUBUNGAN ANTARA AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA NELAYAN DI KELURAHAN MALALAYANG 1 TIMUR KECAMATAN MALALAYANG KOTA MANADO Mokosuli, Ralfi
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 3 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.12983

Abstract

HUBUNGAN ANTARA AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA NELAYAN DI KELURAHAN MALALAYANG 1 TIMUR KECAMATAN MALALAYANG KOTA MANADO Ralfi Mokosuli1), Johan Jesephus1), Woodfrod B.S Joseph1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat UNSRAT Manado, 95115   ABSTRACT The case of fatigue caused by a type of work or the working environment, level of occupational accidents and various threats occupational safety and health in Indonesia is still quite high. Various occupational accidents still occur in the production process, especially in the construction sector. Fishermen in the village Malalayang 1 east doing work activities during the night from 18:00 pm s / d 06:00 pm, the activities carried out by the fishermen are starting to prepare all the needs as well as equipment to be used during the activity purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between physical activity with fatigue on the fishermen in the east district of malalayang 1, Manado city. This design is an analytic study with cross sectional study, the number of samples in this study were all fishermen who numbered about 50 people. The data collection is done by using a measuring instrument and sheet Reaction timer REBA method. The statistical test used to analyze the relationship between variables using Srearmen test. The results of data analysis showed that the fishermen who do moderate physical activity as many as 31 people (62%), fishermen who do high physical activity as many as 15 people (30%), fishermen who do physical activity is very high as many as 4 people (8%) .and fishermen who experienced job burnout normal as many as 11 people (22%), and light as many as 25 people (50%), and was as many as 13 people (26%), and the weight of as many as 1 (2%). The results of data analysis showed an association between physical activity with fatigue. Keywords: Physical Activity, Fatigue of Work   ABSTRAK Kasus kelelahan kerja yang disebabkan oleh jenis pekerjaan maupun lingkungan kerja, Tingkat kecelakaan kerja dan berbagai ancaman keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Berbagai kecelakaan kerja masih sering terjadi dalam proses produksi terutama di sektor jasa konstruksi. Nelayan di kelurahan malalayang 1 timur melakukan aktivitas kerja selama semalam mulai dari pukul 18.00 wita s/d 06.00 wita, kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh para nelayan yaitu mulai dari mempersiapkan segala kebutuhan serta peralatan yang akan digunakan selama melakukan aktivitas Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kelelahan kerja pada nelayan di kelurahan malalayang 1 timur kecamatan malalayang kota manado. Peneltian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional study, jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh nelayan yang berjumlah 50 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat ukur Reaction timer dan lembar metode REBA. Uji statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel menggunakan uji Srearmen. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa nelayan yang melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang yaitu sebanyak 31 orang (62%), nelayan yang melakukan aktivitas fisik tinggi yaitu sebanyak 15 orang (30%),nelayan yang melakukan aktivitas fisik sangat tinggi yaitu sebanyak 4 orang (8%).dan nelayan yang mengalami kelelahan kerja normal yaitu sebanyak 11 orang (22%), dan ringan yaitu sebanyak 25 orang (50%), dan sedang yaitu sebanyak 13 orang (26%), dan berat yaitu sebanyak 1 orang (2%). Hasil analisis data menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kelelahan kerja. Kata kunci: Aktifitas Fisik, Kelelahan Kerja.  
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI KERJA DAN IMBALAN DENGAN KINERJA KADER POSYANDU DI KECAMATAN MODOINDING KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN Mema, Tia
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.11244

Abstract

HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI KERJA DAN IMBALAN DENGAN KINERJA KADER POSYANDU DI KECAMATAN MODOINDING KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN Tia Mema1), Franckie R.R Maramis1), Ardiansa A.T Tucunan1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi ABSTRACT Posyandu is a type of Health Effort Based on the Society (UKBM) which is the most popular at this moment. Posyandu includes 5 programs they are Birth Control (KB), KIA (moms and children's health), Nutrient, Immunization, and diarhea tackling. As one of society health service place which directly touches the low level of society, it’s better if Posyandu be more active because it’s proved effective to detect nutrient and health problem in many areas. Based on the data of Modoinding Public Health Center in 2015, Posyandu in Modoinding Public Health Center areas including 10 villages, there is 1 Posyandu for each village with the number of cadre: 51 people. This study aims to determine the correlation between Working Motivation and Payment with Posyandu Cadre’s performance in Modoinding District, South Minahasa Regency. This is an analytic survey with cross-sectional approach which held in August-October 2015 in Modoinding District. The population in this study is all the cadre of Posyandu in Modoinding District with the number of cadre: 51 people. The sample is taken as many as 51 people. The instrument used in this study is questionnaire. The Chi Square statistic test result shows that motivation has correlation with the cadre performance (p=0,015) with OR value: 1,65, while the payment has no correlation with the cadre’s performance (p=0,385). Based on this study result can be concluded that there is a correlation between working motivation with the cadre’s performance, while there is no correlation between the payment with the cadre’s performance. Keywords: Working Motivation, Payment, Cadre’s Performance ABSTRAK Posyandu merupakan jenis Upaya Kesehatan Bersumber Masyarakat (UKBM) yang paling memasyarakat dewasa ini.  Posyandu yang meliputi lima program yaitu KB (Keluaraga Berencana), KIA (Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak), Gizi, Imunisasi, dan Penanggulangan Diare. Sebagai salah satu tempat pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat yang langsung bersentuhan dengan masyarakat di level bawah, sebaiknya Posyandu lebih digiatkan karena terbukti ampuh mendeteksi permasalah gizi dan kesehatan di berbagai daerah. Berdasarkan data dari Puskesmas Modoinding tahun 2015 bahwa Posyandu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Modoinding meliputi 10 desa, setiap desa terdapat masing-masing satu (1) Posyandu, Dengan jumlah kader 51 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi kerja dan imbalan dengan kinerja kader Posyandu di Kecamatan Modoinding Kabupaten Minahasa selatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2015 di Kecamatan Modoinding. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan kader Posyandu di Kecamatan Modoinding dengan jumlah kader 51 orang. Sampel yang diambil sejumlah 51 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakam adalah kuesioner. Hasil uji statistic Chi square menunjukkan bahwa motivasi berhubungan dengan kinerja kader (p=0,015) dengan nilai OR sebesar 1,65, sedangkan imbalan tidak terdapat hubungan (p=0,385). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi kerja berhubungan dengan kinerja kader, sedangkan hubungan antara imbalan dengan kinerja kader tidak berhubungan. Kata Kunci : Motivasi Kerja, Imbalan, Kinerja Kader  
IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENETAPAN KADAR BORAKS DALAM BAKSO JAJANAN DI KOTA MANADO Tubagus, Indra
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.3104

Abstract

The purpose of this study which are to identify and determine the rate of borax in meatballs snackssold in the city of Manado. Sampling locations are Bunaken, Malalayang, Mapanget, Sario, Singkil,Tikala, Tuminting and Wanea sub district. Each location is determined each 2 meatballs snacksvendors. Recruitment is done 3 times in each meatball vendor meatball snacks of 20 seeds, until atotal of 60 pieces of meatball samples in a month for each vendor. The samples were identified usinga flame test method and test turmeric paper color method. Identification experiment results of researchmeatballs with borax in the samples and test reaction flame color test please note that all samplestested meatball not harmful preservatives.Key words : Borax, flame test, color test, meatball, Manado
PENGUKURAN KINERJA INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD DATOE BINANGKANG DENGAN METODE BALANCED SCORECARD BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF PELANGGAN SERTA PERSPEKTIF PERTUMBUHAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN Tawalujan, Wulan P.; Citraningtyas, Gayatri; Rumondor, Erladys M.
PHARMACON Vol 9, No 3 (2020): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.9.2020.30022

Abstract

ABSTRACTPerformance measurement by balanced scorecard method needed to be done at the pharmacy installation of RSUD Datoe Binangkang to see the performance achievements that have been done and the basis for further performance improvement. This research aims to know performance of pharmacy installation of RSUD Datoe Binangkang with the balanced scorecard method based on customer perspective with learning and growth perspective. This research was a non experimental with evaluative descriptive design. The data was collected with retrospective and prospective methods. This research used both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was obtained by interview and direct observation. Quantitative data was obtained by questionnaires. The result research of performance at customer perspective with patient satisfaction indicator showed that patients have not been satisfied with the services provided with the value of gap for each dimension are: tangibles -0,22, reliability -0,17, responsiveness -0,19, assurance -0,02, emphaty -0,05. Performance at learning and growth perspective with indicators of employee job satisfaction high 3,23, work spirit very high 3,37 and percentage of employee training low 0%. The conclusion obtained from both perspective were indicators with good performance was job satisfaction and work spirit. Indicators with not good performance that require attention to be improved was employee training and patient satisfaction.Keywords: Performance, Pharmacy Installation, Balanced Scorecard, Customer Perspective,  Learning and Growth Perspective.ABSTRAK Pengukuran kinerja dengan metode balanced scorecard perlu dilakukan di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Datoe Binangkang untuk melihat pencapaian kinerja yang telah dilakukan serta dasar bagi perbaikan kinerja selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja Instalaasi Farmasi RSUD Datoe Binangkang dengan metode balanced scorecard berdasarkan perspektif pelanggan serta perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian non eksperimental dengan rancangan deskriptif evaluatif. Data diperoleh secara retrospektif dan prospektif. Kriteria data berupa data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif melalui wawancara dan observasi langsung. Data kuantitatif melalui kuesioner. Hasil penelitian kinerja pada perspektif pelanggan dengan indikator kepuasan pasien menunjukkan pasien belum puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan, dengan perolehan nilai gap pada setiap dimensi yaitu: berwujud -0,22, kehandalan -0,17, ketanggapan -0,19, jaminan -0,02, empati -0,05. Kinerja pada perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran dengan indikator kepuasan kerja karyawan tinggi 3,23, semangat kerja karyawan sangat tinggi 3,37, dan persentase pelatihan karyawan rendah 0%. Kesimpulan yang didapat pada kedua perspektif bahwa indikator dengan kinerja yang baik yaitu kepuasan kerja dan semangat kerja. Indikator dengan kinerja yang kurang baik yang memerlukan perhatian untuk diperbaiki yaitu pelatihan karyawan dan kepuasan pasien.Kata Kunci: Kinerja, Instalasi Farmasi, Balanced Scorecard, Perspektif Pelanggan, Perspektif Pertumbuhan dan Pembelajaran.
PELEPASAN ION NIKEL DAN KROMIUM BRAKET ORTODONTIK STAINLESS STEEL YANG DIRENDAM DALAM OBAT KUMUR Minanga, Miranti A.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.11233

Abstract

PELEPASAN ION NIKEL DAN KROMIUM BRAKET ORTODONTIK STAINLESS STEEL YANG DIRENDAM DALAM OBAT KUMUR Miranti Arruan Minanga1), P.S. Anindita1), Juliatri1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRAT   ABSTRACT Use of the orthodontic appliance in the mouth can be divided into two kinds of removable orthodontic appliances and fixed orthodontic appliance. Bracket is one of the basic components of fixed orthodontic appliance. Brackets are used most often made of metal or stainless steel consisting of iron, chromium, and nickel. In the process of corrosion of stainless steel bracket in the oral cavity, the release of metal ions can enter the body and cause effects like karsiogenik, allergenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic. This study aims to determine the major nickel and chromium ions are separated in the bracket soaked in mouthwash. This type of research is research laboratory eksprimental to draft a post-test only control design. The sample size determined in accordance with formula samples of numerical data. The sample used is stainless steel bracket solution that is soaked in mouthwash for 12 hours in an incubator at 37°C then be measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed the average amount of nickel ion release in the control group of 1,693 ppm and the average value in the treatment group mouthwash brands A is 3,955 ppm, brands B is 3,938 ppm, brands C is 5,107 ppm. The average amount of chromium ion release in the control group of 1,000 ppm and the average value in the treatment group mouthwash brands A is 1,517 ppm, brands B is 1,193 ppm, brands C is 0,872 ppm. . Key words: Ion nickel and chromium, stainless steel orthodontic bracket, mouthwash ABSTRAK Pemakaian alat ortodontik di dalam  mulut dibedakan  menjadi dua macam yaitu alat ortodontik lepasan dan alat ortodontik cekat. Braket merupakan salah satu komponen dasar alat ortodontik cekat. Braket yang paling sering digunakan terbuat dari bahan logam atau stainless steel yang terdiri dari besi, kromium, dan nikel. Pada proses korosi braket stainless steel di dalam rongga mulut, terjadi pelepasan ion logam yang dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh dan menimbulkan efek seperti karsiogenik, alergenik, mutagenik dan sitotoksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar ion nikel dan kromium yang terlepas pada braket yang direndam dalam obat kumur. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian eksprimental laboratori dengan rancangan post-test only control design. Besar sampel ditetapkan sesuai dengan rumus sampel data numerik. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu larutan braket stainless steel yang direndam dalam obat kumur selama 12 jam dalam inkubator 37°C kemudian dilakukan pengukuran menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah rata-rata pelepasan ion nikel pada kelompok kontrol yaitu 1,693 ppm dan nilai rata-rata pada kelompok perlakuan obat kumur merk A yaitu 3,955 ppm, merk B yaitu 3,938 ppm, merk C yaitu 5,107 ppm. Jumlah rata-rata pelepasan ion kromium pada kelompok kontrol yaitu 1,000 ppm dan nilai rata-rata pada kelompok perlakuan obat kumur merk A yaitu 1,517 ppm, merk B yaitu 1,193 ppm, merk C yaitu 0,872 ppm.   Kata Kunci: Ion nikel dan kromium, braket ortodontik stainless steel, obat   kumur  

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