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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,131 Documents
 75   76   77   78   79 
UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK TANAMAN PATAH TULANG (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) TERHADAP Artemia salina DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT) SEBAGAI STUDI PENDAHULUAN POTENSI ANTI KANKER Oratmangun, Sandriani A.
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5449

Abstract

ABSTRACT Patah Tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) is one of the plants that has been widely known by the world's population for a long time and was used as a traditional medicine, one of them as anti-cancer. The purpose of this study is to prove the existence of anti-cancer potential of methanol and chloroform extracts of Patah Tulang, and continued with the screening of phytochemical compounds. This study was an experimental study with Post Test Only Control Group Design. The used method is Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Based on the result, the LC50 of methanol and chloroform extracts of Patah Tulang, Determined by simple linear regression analysis using Microsoft Office Exel 2010. Results of linear regression analysis showed LC50 values of methanol extracts of Patah Tulang is 332.2489 mg/mL and chloroform extracts of Patah Tulang is 240.6432 mg / mL. The results of this study indicate that the methanol and chloroform extracts of Patah Tulang are toxic, it is marked with LC50 values <1000 mg/mL. The content of phytochemical compounds from the methanol extract of Patah Tulang are flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins.   Key words : Euphorbia tirucalli Linn, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), LC50, Phytochemical Compounds   ABSTRAK Tanaman Patah Tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang telah banyak dikenal oleh penduduk dunia sejak lama dan digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional, salah satunya sebagai anti kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan ada tidaknya potensi anti kanker dari ekstrak metanol dan kloroform tanaman patah tulang, dan dilanjutkan dengan skrining senyawa fitokimia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Post Test Only Control Group Design. Metode yang digunakan adalah Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Berdasarkan data, LC50 ekstrak metanol dan kloroform patah tulang, ditentukan dengan analisis regresi linier sederhana menggunakan Microsoft Office Exel 2010. Hasil dari analisis regresi linier menunjukan nilai LC50 dari ekstrak metanol tanaman patah tulang adalah 332,2489 μg/mL dan ekstrak kloroform tanaman patah tulang adalah 240,6432 μg/mL. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol dan kloroform tanaman patah tulang bersifat toksik, hal ini ditandai dengan nilai LC50 < 1000 μg/mL, dan senyawa fitokimia yang diduga bersifat toksik terhadap Artemia salina L. adalah alkaloid, flavonoid dan tanin   Kata kunci : Euphorbia tirucalli Linn, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), LC50, Artemia salina Leach, Senyawa Fitokimia
STUDI PENGGUNAAN ANTIMALARIA PADA PENDERITA MALARIA DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI 2013-MEI 2013 Rumagit, Novia Akwila; Tjitrosantoso, Heedy; Wiyono, Weny I
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 3 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.2376

Abstract

ABSTRACTMalaria is parasite infectious diseases group of Plasmodium which live in human red bloodcell and can be transmitted by a female Anopheles bites. Malaria were classified as one of themost dangerous infectious diseases which cause death. In North Sulawesi, malaria is anendemic diseases because it’s a tropical area, and so susceptible to this disease. Treatment ofmalaria is to obtain clinical and parasitologic recovery. The objectives of this research wereto find out the characteristic of malaria and the use of antimalaria drugs on patient withmalaria. This research is a descriptive survey with retrospective sampling on 68 medicalrecord of patient with malaria treatment. Obtained data shows that there are three variant ofmalaria, falciparum malaria (66,2%), vivax malaria (26,5%), mixed malaria (7,4%).Artesunat-amodiakuin-primakuin in an ACT (Artemisinin Combination Treatment) thatmostly used as malaria drug.Keywords: Plasmodium, red blood cell, malaria, antimalaria
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL TUNAS PISANG GOROHO (Musa acuminate L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI SUKROSA Beu, Septya Widhafni
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.4772

Abstract

The study aimed at finding out the Effectiveness of goroho shoots (Musa acuminafe L.) ethanol extract  on blood sugar decrease of white mile wistar (Ratus norvegicus ) induced with sucrose. Completely randomized design method was used in this experiment. The subject of the experiment were 15 white male Wistar (Rattus novergicus) were divided into 5 (five)  groups of treatment, namely negative control group (CMC 0,5% suspension), the dose 0,63 mg/kgBW positive control group (glibenklamid suspension), the dose 0,05 g/kgBW, 0,11 g/kgBW , and 0,22 g/kgBW of goroho shoots ethanol extract group. Data obtained from examination of the fasting blood sugar were 30 minute after induction with sucrose and at minute 15, 30, 60, 120 after treatment was given. Data were analyzed using spss ver.20. the differences between treatments were analyzed using one way ANOVA. The analysis revealed a significant difference between negative control and treatment, negative control and positive control but did not show a significant difference between treatment groups with the positive control. The increasing dose of goroho shoots ethanol extract show a better result.   Key words : goroho shoots extract, blood sugar level, sucrose.
Formulasi Granul Effervescent Ekstrak Daun Leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae L) Palobo, Fabiola N; Yamlean, Paulina V. Y.; Yudistira, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.488

Abstract

Leilem Leaves had a bitter taste, but it is believed as antioxidant. This research aims to find way formaking a formulation of effervescent granules from Leilem leaves extract wich is demand thestandards for effervescent granules. The extracts resulted from soxhletasi method with 95% ethanol(1:5), and the formula based from 7% extract, citric acid 16.2%, 25.2% tartaric acid, lemon essence2%, 0.5% CMC, and food coloring. Effervescent granules from Leilem leaves are prepared by drygranulation method. Results of manufacturing effervescent granules was tested by physical stuff, andthen compared with the literature, the test results showed effervescent granules have a regularlyshape, with orange-scented, had a 4.35% value of LOD, the pour volume is 150g/183mL with 1.09%volume of shrinkage, the test flow capacity is 30.650, and able to complete the test of dispersion timefor 1 minute 9 seconds. Based on these results it can be concluded that the extract of Leilem leavescan be made an effervescent granules by dry granulation method, and has a good quality because itwas demand the standards test of good granules.Key word: Clerodendrum minahassae L, Ekstract, Formulation, Effervescent
ANALISIS BORAKS PADA TAHU YANG DIPRODUKSI DI KOTA MANADO Triastuti, Endang; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Runtuwene, Max R.J.
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 1 (2013): pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.910

Abstract

ABSTRACK Tofu is a food made by coagulating soy juice and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks. The use of food additive in food process needs to be aware. Borax were restricted to be used, it cause brain damage, liver, and kidney. Prolonged use may cause death. The objectives of this research was to find out the presence of borax in tofu which produced in Manado city. Investigated tofu were sample A (Bahu), B (Batukota I), C (Batukota II), D (Kleak), and E (Pakowa). Borax were evaluated by flame test, curcuma paper color test, turmeric color test and spectrophotometry UV-vis. The results shows that there were five samples that did not contains borax using flame test, curcuma paper test, turmeric paper test and Spectrophotometry UV-Vis analysis.   Key words : Borax, Tofu, Qualitative analysis, Spectrophotometry UV-Vis, Manado.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SPONS Stylissa sp. DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) Sibarani, Samuel I.M.; Yudistira, Adithya; Mpila, Deby A.
PHARMACON Vol 9, No 3 (2020): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.9.2020.30027

Abstract

ABSTRACTHabitat of sponge Stylissa sp., were under the sea and these sponges contain active compounds, which are more active than the compounds produced by terrestrial plants. Antioxidants are inhibitors of oxidation reactions due to the free radicals, which can cause weak damage to unsaturated cells, cell wall membranes, blood vessels, DNA bases, and lipid tissue, that causing disease. The study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts  of sponge Stylissa sp., which is located on the Bangka Island, Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency. Sponge Stylissa sp., was extracted by maceration with using ethanol. Testing of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed that ethanol extracts of sponge Stylissa sp., has antioxidant activity in each concentration and the highest at a concentration of 100 mg / L. The conclusion is a ethanol extract of sponge Stylissa sp. have high antioxidant activity with a concentration of 25 mg/L (77,40%), concentration of 50 mg/L (85,63%), concentration of 75 mg/L (88,66%), and concentration 100 mg/L (88,96%). Key words: Stylissa sp. Sponge, Antioxidant, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) ABSTRAKHabitat dari spons Stylissa sp. terdapat di bawah laut dan spons ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang persentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Antioksidan adalah zat penghambat reaksi oksidasi akibat radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lemah tak jenuh, membran dinding sel, pembuluh darah, basa DNA, dan jaringan lipid sehingga menimbulkan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol biota laut spons Stylissa sp. yang terdapat di pulau Bangka, Kecamatan Likupang, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Spons Stylissa sp. ini diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ini dilakukan dengan metode DPPH yang diukur dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol spons Stylissa sp. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi dan yang tertinggi pada konsentrasi 100 mg/L. Kesimpulan yang didapat bahwa ekstrak etanol spons Stylissa sp. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dengan konsentrasi 25 mg/L (77,40%), konsentrasi 50 mg/L (85,63%), konsentrasi 75 mg/L (88,66%), dan konsentrasi 100 mg/L (88,96%). Kata Kunci : Spons Stylissa sp., Antioksidan, DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)
PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN FENOLIK DAN SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF) DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DARI BEBERAPA TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) Sineke, Farrah U.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.11316

Abstract

PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN FENOLIK DAN SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF) DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DARI BEBERAPA TONGKOL JAGUNG  (Zea mays L.) Farrah Umainah Sineke1), Edi Suryanto2), Sri Sudewi1) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi 1)Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi ABSTRACT The purpose of these research is to determine sun protection factor (SPF) ethanol extract on the three types of corn cobs, those are hybrid sweet corn and yellow corn Manado Composite (white and red). The corn cobs was extracted by using the method of refluxing with 80% ethanol. In all three types of corn cobs determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the determination of sun protection factor (SPF) values with a spectrophotometer method. The results of this research indicate that extracts of red corn cobs have the highest content of total phenolic is 61,32 µg/mL followed by extracts of white corn cobs 56,83 µg/mL, extracts of sweet corn cobs 46,42 µg/mL. The highest SPF value at the highest concentration 150 µg/mL found in the extracts of red corn cobs 16,542 µg/mL, followed by extracts of white corn cobs 10,128 µg/mL, and then extracts of sweet corn cobs 5,789 µg/mL. Based on this research, it can be concluded that these three corncob extracts has potential as a sunscreen active ingredients. Key words: Corn cobs, SPF, Sunscreen, Phenolic content ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan sun protection factor (SPF) ekstrak etanol dari tiga jenis tongkol jagung yaitu Hibrida sweetcorn, Komposit Manado Kuning (putih dan merah). Tongkol jagung ini diekstrak dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut etanol 80%. Pada ketiga jenis ekstrak tongkol jagung ditentukan kandungan total fenolik menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan penentuan nilai sun protection factor (SPF) dengan metode spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tongkol jagung merah memiliki kandungan total fenolik tertinggi sebesar 61,32 µg/mL diikuti ekstrak tongkol jagung putih sebesar 56,83 µg/mL, ekstrak tongkol jagung manis sebesar 46,42 µg/mL. Nilai SPF tertinggi pada konsentrasi 150 µg/mL terdapat pada ekstrak tongkol jagung merah 16,542 µg/mL, diikuti ekstrak tongkol jagung putih 10,128 µg/mL dan ekstrak tongkol jagung manis 5,789 µg/mL. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol ketiga jenis tongkol jagung ini memiliki potensi sebagai bahan aktif tabir surya. Kata kunci: Tongkol jagung, SPF, tabir surya, total fenolik    
ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI SECARA MOLEKULER MENGGUNAKAN GEN 16S rRNA, DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI BAKTERI SIMBION ENDOFIT YANG DIISOLASI DARI ALGA Halimeda opuntia Rau, Castly H.
PHARMACON Vol 7, No 2 (2018): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.7.2018.19509

Abstract

ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI SECARA MOLEKULER MENGGUNAKAN GEN 16S rRNA, DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI BAKTERI SIMBION ENDOFIT YANG DIISOLASI DARI ALGA Halimeda opuntia Castly Herny Rau1), Adithya Yudistira1), Herny E. I. Simbala1)1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACT            Algae is one of the primary producers in marine ecosystem whose existence in Indonesia is quite abundant. Algae is the living place of various microorganisms that are symbiotic with it, included bacteria. Endophytic symbiont bacteria of algae has potential as a candidate of antibiotic producing agent, because it is able to produce bioactive metabolite that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study is to isolate and test the antibacterial activity of endophytic symbiont bacteria of Halimeda opuntia, and to carry out molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene to identify the endophytic bacteria isolate that showing the greatest antibacterial power. A total of 3 isolates of endophytic symbiont bacteria were obtained through the purification process. The results of antibacterial activity test showed that all the supernatants of endophytic simbiont bacteria isolates had inhibitory activity against the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The mean diameter of the inhibitory zone against Escherichia coli were: Ho-B1 (6.86 mm) and Ho-B2 (8.53 mm) classified as intermediet, and Ho-B3 (4.36 mm) classified as weak. While the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were: Ho-B1 (6,15 mm) and Ho-B2 (6,84 mm) classified as intermediet, and Ho-B3 (3,84 mm) classified as weak. The Ho-B2 isolate which had the highest inhibitory index in the antibacterial activity test was identified molecularly as Bacillus sp. Keywords         : Halimeda opuntia, endophytic symbiont bacteria, isolation,   antibacterial activity, molecular identification, 16S rRNA gene  ABSTRAKAlga merupakan salah satu produsen primer di ekosistem perairan laut yang keberadaannya di Indonesia ­­cukup melimpah. Alga merupakan tempat hidup berbagai mikroorganisme yang bersimbiosis dengannya, salah satunya ialah bakteri. Bakteri simbion endofit alga berpotensi sebagai kandidat agensia penghasil antibiotik, karena mampu menghasilkan metabolit bioaktif yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan melakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dari bakteri simbion endofit alga Halimeda opuntia, serta melakukan identifikasi secara molekuler menggunakan gen 16S rRNA terhadap isolat bakteri simbion yang menunjukkan daya antibakteri terbesar. Sebanyak 3 isolat bakteri simbion endofit berhasil diperoleh melalui tahap purifikasi. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa supernatan ketiga isolat bakteri simbion endofit memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Diameter rata-rata zona hambat terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli yaitu: Ho-B1 (6,86 mm) dan Ho-B2 (8,53 mm) tergolong kategori sedang, dan Ho-B3 (4,36 mm) tergolong kategori lemah. Sedangkan daya antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yaitu: Ho-B1 (6,15 mm) dan Ho-B2 (6,84 mm) tergolong kategori sedang, dan Ho-B3 (3,84 mm) tergolong kategori lemah. Isolat Ho-B2 yang memiliki indeks penghambatan tertinggi dalam pengujian aktivitas antibakteri teridentifikasi secara molekuler sebagai Bacillus sp. Kata kunci      : Halimeda opuntia, bakteri simbion endofit, isolasi, aktivitas  antibakteri,   identifikasi molekuler, gen 16S rRNA 
ANALISIS HIDROKUINON PADA KRIM PEMUTIH WAJAH DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS Irnawati, Irnawati
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 3 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.15074

Abstract

ANALISIS HIDROKUINON PADA KRIM PEMUTIH WAJAH DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS Irnawati1), Muhammad Handoyo Sahumena1), Wa Ode Nur Dewi1) 1)Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Halu Oleo Email : irnawati.ichang@yahoo.com ABSTRACT   Hydroquinone is an organic compound of the phenolic compounds used in whitening  cream products. The purpose of this study is to identify of hydroquinone in whitening cream and the determination of hydroquinone levels. UV-Vis spectrophotometry method were used to analyze of hydroquinone. Parameters for methods validation are linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy and specificity. The results showed that good linearity with correlation coefficient 0.9998 at equation y = 0,0214x + 0.2732, limit of detection and limit of quantification are 0.471 mg/mL and 1.570 mg/mL, respectively, RSD is 0.08% as a precision parameters and good accuracy based on recovery of addition standard of 10, 25 and 50 mg/mL were 97.19%, 98.42%, and 101.4% respectively, but not specificity. The method successfully to determine of hydroquinone in 2 sample of 5 whitening cream samples are 1.966% and 1.591%. Keywords: whitening cream, hydroquinone, spectrophotometry, methods validation ABSTRAK Hidrokuinon merupakan salah satu senyawa organik golongan fenol yang digunakan dalam produk krim pemutih wajah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hidrokuinon dalam sampel krim pemutih wajah yang ada di salon kecantikan Kota Kendari serta penetapan kadarnya. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk analisis hidrokuinon yaitu metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Penelitian ini diawali dengan validasi metode analisis yang digunakan dengan parameter validasi meliputi linearitas, batas deteksi, batas kuantifikasi, presisi, akurasi dan spesifisitas. Berdasarkan hasil validasi yang dilakukan diketahui linearitas yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,9998 dengan persamaan y = 0,0214x + 0,2732, batas deteksi dan batas kauntifikasi berturut-turut sebesar 0,471 µg/mL dan 1,570 µg/mL, presisi dengan parameter RSD sebesar 0,082 % serta akurasi berdasarkan parameter % recovery dengan standar adisi 10, 25 dan 50 µg/mL berturut-turut adalah 97,19 %, 98,42 %, dan 101,4 %, namun dari parameter spesifisitas, metode ini kurang spesifik. Hasil dari analisis sampel krim pemutih wajah yaitu dari 5 sampel yang dianalisis, 2 diantaranya teridentifikasi mengandung hidrokuinon dengan kadar 1,966% dan 1,591 %. Kata kunci : krim pemutih wajah, hidrokuinon, spektrofotometri, validasi metode
UJI KEPEKAAN BAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI SPUTUM PASIEN PENDERITA BRONKITIS KRONIK YANG MENJALANI RAWAT JALAN DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK AMPICILIN, ERITROMISIN, DAN CIPROFLOXACIN Baharutan, Kezia N.
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10202

Abstract

UJI KEPEKAAN BAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI  SPUTUM PASIEN PENDERITA BRONKITIS KRONIK YANG MENJALANI RAWAT JALAN DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK AMPICILIN, ERITROMISIN, DAN CIPROFLOXACIN Kezia Novita Baharutan1), Fatimawali1) dan Adeanne Wullur1) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115       ABSTRACT Antibiotic use in hospitals for the treatment of chronic bronchitis due to the bacterial infection is still based on empirical experience without culture results and bacterial sensitivity test to  antibiotics. It caused  a lot of  failure of  therapy and  widespread bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study, aims to determine the types of bacteria that cause the infection in the sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis  in outpatient  installation of  Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado and test the sensitivity to antibiotics Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin. Bacteria isolated from  three samples of sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis and identified using biochemical tests and gram stain. The Sensitivity test for bacteria use disc diffusion of antibiotics Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin. The result showed that there are 5 kinds of bacteria, namely Bacillus sp. (37,5%), Escherichia coli (25%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12,5%), Salmonella (12,5%), and Bacteroides gracilis (12,5%) with the highest sensitivity is ciprofloxacin (62,5%) and the highest Resistance is Ampicillin (100%).   Keywords: Chronic Bronchitis, Isolation of Bacteria, Bacterial Sensitivity Test.       ABSTRAK Pola penggunaan antibiotik di rumah sakit untuk pengobatan bronkitis kronik akibat infeksi bakteri masih berdasarkan pada pengalaman empirik tanpa  hasil kultur dan tes sensitifitas bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Akibatnya banyak terjadi kegagalan terapi dan meluasnya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis bakteri penyebab infeksi dalam sputum pasien penderita bronkitis kronik  yang menjalani rawat jalan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan menguji kepekaannya terhadap antibiotik Ampicilin, Eritromisin dan Ciprofloxacin. Bakteri di isolasi dari 3 sampel sputum pasien bronkitis kronik dan di identifikasi menggunakan uji biokimia dan pewarnaan gram. Uji Kepekaan bakteri menggunakan difusi cakram dari antibiotik Ampicilin, Eritromicin dan Ciprofloxacin. Hasilnya didapat 5 jenis bakteri, yaitu  Bacillus sp. (37,5%), Escherichia coli (25%), Klebsiella pneumonia (12,5%), Salmonella (12,5%), dan Bacteroides gracilis (12,5%) dengan sensitifitas tertinggi Ciprofloxacin sebesar 62,5% dan Resisten tertinggi sebesar 100% oleh Ampicilin.   Kata Kunci: Bronkitis Kronik, Isolasi Bakteri, Uji Kepekaan Bakteri  

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