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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
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Articles 1,131 Documents
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FORMULASI DAN PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN EKOR KUCING (Acalypha hispida Burm.F) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus Kasenda, Jessica Ch.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 3 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.12936

Abstract

FORMULASI DAN PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN EKOR KUCING                           (Acalypha hispida Burm.F) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus Jessica Ch. Kasenda1), Paulina V.Y.YamLean1), Widya Astuty Lolo1) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado,95115   ABSTRACT Ekor kucing leaves (Acalypha hispida) has an antibacterial activity. Chemical compound as an antibacterial in Ekor Kucing are tannins, flavonoids, saponins and acalypin. This research aims to make formulation dosage of antibacterial liquid soap of the Ekor kucing leaves ethanol extract, testing the quality of Ekor kucing leaves ethanol extract liquid soap and testing activity of antibacterial of Ekor kucing leaves ethanol extract liquid soap with concentration of 3%, 6% and 9% to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria growth. Organoleptic test, pH test, high foam, water content, alkali-free and specific gravity test were done in liquid soap formulation of ethanol extract of Ekor kucing leaves with a concentration of 3%, 6% and 9%. Testing of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus growth was conducted by diffusion. Results of the quality test of the liquid soap meets the requirements according to the standards set by SNI is organoleptic test, pH test, high foam, alkali-free and specific gravity test. The results of antibacterial activity test of liquid soap Ekor Kucing leaves extract can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, concentration 3% in the category of weak inhibition zone, concentration 6% and 9% in the category medium inhibition zone. Keywords: Ekor kucing, liquid soap, antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus.   ABSTRAK Daun Ekor kucing (Acalypha hispida Burm.F) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Kandungan kimia yang terdapat didalamnya yang bersifat antibakteri  ialah tanin, flavonoid, saponin dan acalypin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi sediaan sabun cair antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol daun  Ekor kucing, menguji mutu dari sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun Ekor kucing dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun  Ekor kucing dengan konsentrasi 3%, 6% dan 9% terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Formulasi sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun Ekor kucing dengan konsentrasi 3%, 6% dan 9% dilakukan pengujian organoleptis, pH, tinggi busa, kadar air, alkali bebas dan uji bobot jenis. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan dengan metode difusi. Hasil pengujian mutu sabun cair yang yang memenuhi persyaratan sesuai standar yang ditetapkan SNI ialah uji organoleptis, pH, tinggi busa, alkali bebas dan uji bobot jenis. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri sabun cair ekstrak daun Ekor kucing yang diperoleh dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, yakni dengan konsentrasi 3 % masuk dalam kategori zona hambat yang lemah, konsentrasi 6% dan 9% masuk dalam kategori zona hambat yang sedang. Kata kunci : Ekor kucing, sabun cair, antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus.      
UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN KRIM GETAH JARAK CINA (Jatropha multifida L.) UNTUK PENGOBATAN LUKA SAYAT YANG TERINFEKSI BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus PADA KELINCI (Orytolagus cuniculus) Muntiaha, Miryam Ch.
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5446

Abstract

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research were to test effectivity to heal wound infection cause by Staphylococcus aereus . This study is experimental in the laboratory. Proces of cream from Jarak Cina latex has qualified the standard and tested on 5 rabbits, the cream base without negative control, the positive control used Gentamicin cream, cream Jarak Cina latex 1%, cream Jarak Cina latex 5% and cream Jarak Cina latex 10%. The wounds were applied with cream three times in a day. Observation was conducted everyday for 9 days of healing time was done by observing infection healing time on rabbits back after the treatment with creams that have made, which based on the disappearance of erythema and pus. The result shows the cream base and Jarak Cina Latex with concentration of 1 %, 5% and 10 % fulfilled the organoleptic, homogeneity, pH value and the standart parameter of spreadabillity. One way Anova result showed that there an influence of the treatment order to significancy result for time healing (Fcalculation 116,000 > F table 5,19).   Key words : Jarak Cina Latex (Jatropha multifida L.), Staphylococcus aureus, Cream, Rabbits       ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menguji efektivitas sediaan krim getah Jarak Cina pada konsentrasi 1 %, 5 % dan 10 % dalam pengobatan luka yang terinfeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada kelinci (Orytolagus coniculus). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimen laboratorium. Pembuatan krim getah Jarak Cina telah memenuhi syarat dan diujikan pada hewan uji kelinci sebanyak 5 ekor dengan perlakuan basis krim (kontrol negatif), Gentamisin krim (kontrol positif), krim getah Jarak Cina 1%, krim getah Jarak Cina 5%, dan krim getah Jarak Cina 10%. Luka diolesi tiga kali sehari dengan krim yang diuji.  Pengamatan luka dilakukan setiap hari selama 9 hari terhadap waktu sembuh luka kulit punggung yang terinfeksi bakteri dimulai pada saat terjadinya eritema dan nanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan baik basis krim maupun krim getah Jarak Cina yang dibuat pada konsentrasi 1 %, 5 % dan 10 % memenuhi syarat organoleptik, homogenitas, pH dan uji daya sebar. Hasil analisis Anova satu arah menunjukan bahwa ada lebih dari satu pengaruh perlakuan yang bermakna terhadap waktu sembuh infeksi kulit pada punggung kelinci (Fhitung 116,000 > Ftabel 5,19) yang berarti krim getah Jarak Cina berefek menyembukan.   Kata kunci : Getah Jarak Cina  (Jatropha multifida L.), Staphylococcus aureus, Krim, Kelinci
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL ASCIDIAN Herdmania Momus DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) Damanis, Frelinsia V.M.; Wewengkang, Defny S.; Antasionasti, Irma
PHARMACON Vol 9, No 3 (2020): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.9.2020.30033

Abstract

ABSTRACTAscidian Herdmania momus is one of the components of coral reef biota that has bioactive potential. Bioactive compounds function as self-defense and also function for human life, one of which can be used as a source of antioxidants. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity from the ethanol extracts of the Ascidian Herdmania momus. Ascidian Herdmania momus was extracted using maceration method with ethanol as a solvent. As a parameter, testing of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydarzyl) method measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with variations in concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μg / mL. The results of the average % inhibition values obtained were 59.13% (25 μg / mL), 60.93% (50 μg / mL), 61.73% (75 μg / mL), 63.86% (100 μg / mL) and 66.16% (125 μg / mL). The highest antioxidant activity was found at a concentration of 125 μg / mL with an average % inhibition value of 66.16%. The conclusion is the ethanol extracts of Ascidian Herdmania momus was shown to have antioxidant activity in each concentration of the test. Keywords: Ascidian Herdmania momus, Antioxidants, Extraction, DPPH ABSTRAK Ascidian  Herdmania momus merupakan salah satu komponen biota penyusun terumbu karang yang mempunyai potensi bioaktif. Senyawa bioaktifnya berfungsi sebagai pertahanan diri dan juga berfungsi bagi kehidupan manusia, salah satunya dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu, untuk mengetahui aktivitas senyawa antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol Ascidian Herdmania momus. Ascidian Herdmania momus diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol sebagai pelarut. Sebagai parameter, pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydarzyl) yang diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan variasi konsentrasi 25, 50, 75, 100, dan 125 μg/mL. Hasil nilai % inhibisi rata-rata yang didapat yaitu 59.13% (25 μg/mL), 60.93% (50 μg/mL), 61.73% (75 μg/mL), 63.86% (100 μg/mL) dan 66.16% (125 μg/mL). Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 125 μg/mL dengan nilai % inhibisi rata-rata 66.16%. Kesimpulan yang didapat yaitu ekstrak etanol Ascidian Herdmania momus terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi pengujian. Kata Kunci : Ascidian Herdmania momus, Antioksidan, Ekstraksi, DPPH
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK BAWANG BOMBAY (Allium cepa L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Pakekong, Eka D.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.11221

Abstract

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK BAWANG BOMBAY (Allium cepa L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Eka D. Pakekong1), Heriyannis Homenta1), Christy N. Mintjelungan1) 1) Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT   ABSTRACT Bulb onions (Allium cepa L) is a type of onion that commonly used in various cuisines in Indonesia. Bulb onions contain antibacterial compound such as flavonoids, pectin, allicin. Staphylococcus aureus is one normal microfloras in oral cavity that normally does not cause disease. The purpose of this study is to determine that the inhibition of bulb onion extract affective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and to see how much bulb onion extract inhibition on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This research is an experimental research with Kirby-Bauer disk method. Bulb onions samples had been being extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Staphylococcus aureus were taken from pure stock of Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado. The result was obtained 84,55 mm with an average of 16,91 mm. From this research can be concluded that bulb onion extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Key words: inhibition, bulb onions (Allium cepa L), Staphylococcus aureus   ABSTRAK Bawang bombay (Allium cepa L) merupakan jenis bawang yang sering digunakan di berbagai masakan di Indonesia. Bawang bombay mengandung senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri seperti flavonoid, pektin, allisin. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu mikroflora normal di rongga mulut yang dalam keadaan normal tidak menyebabkan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak bawang bombay efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus serta melihat berapa besar daya hambat ekstrak bawang bombay terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode Kirby-bauer menggunakan disk cakram. Sampel bawang bombay kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian diperoleh  84,55 mm dengan rata-rata 16,91 mm. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bawang bombay dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kata kunci: daya hambat, bawang bombay (Allium cepa L), Staphylococcus aureus  
ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI GETAH KULIT BUAH PISANG GOROHO (Musa acuminate (L.)) Kurniawan, Juliana Christie; Suryanto, Edi; Yudistira, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 3 (2013): pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.2330

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this research was to analyze the phytochemical content and antioxidantactivity from goroho’s sap peel. Sample preparation was cut from the banana tier, then havebeen cut to the both base of goroho’s peel and the fresh sap collected into the petri dish. Theextraction method was maceration used 20, 40, 60 and 80% ethanol concentration.Phytochemical screening carried out by analysis of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid,terpenoid and tannin. Determination of antioxidant activity performed by DPPH free radicalscavengers. The phytochemical analysis results was goroho’s sap peel contain flavonoid,saponin and tannin. Ethanol extract of goroho’s sap peel with 80% concentration 100 μg/mLhad the highest antioxidant activity. Results of this research concluded that phenolic extractsof goroho’s sap peel has the ability both as an antioxidant to DPPH free radicals.Keywords: Banana sap peel goroho, phytochemical, antioxidant activity
UJI KONSENTRASI HAMBAT MINIMUM (KHM) EKSTRAK BAWANG BOMBAY Allium cepa L TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN staphylococcus aureus Permata, Dana Azmi Atika
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 4 (2016): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.13974

Abstract

UJI KONSENTRASI HAMBAT MINIMUM (KHM) EKSTRAK BAWANG BOMBAY Allium cepa L TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN staphylococcus aureus Dana Azmi Atika Permata1), Olivia A. Waworuntu1), Christy Mintjelungan1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACT In the oral cavity, there are a variety of microorganisms called normal flora, one of them is Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is a normal microflora in the oral cavity, but it can be influenced by the pathogen if predisposing factors, therefore it is necessary to find alternative materials that can cope with these bacteria. Medicinal plants be an alternative treatment nowadays, one example namely bombay onions which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins.The purpose of this study is to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bombay onion extract (Allium cepa L) to Staphylococcus aureus growth.This research is a true experimental research with Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The method used in this study is serial dilution method with turbidimetryand spectrophotometry as the test methods. Onion bombay was extracted with maceration method using ethanol 96%.Staphylococcus aureus bacterial was taken from a pure bacterial stock in Microbiology Laboratory Study Program of Faculty doctor University of Sam Ratulangi. The result of this study showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bombay onion extract (Allium cepa L) to Staphylococcus aureus growth was 1,56%. Keywords: Bombay onion extract (Allium cepa L), Staphylococcus aureus, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). ABSTRAK Di dalam rongga mulut terdapat bermacam-macam mikroorganisme yang disebut flora normal, salah satunya ialah Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan mikroflora normal di dalam rongga mulut, tetapi bisa bersifat patogen jika dipengaruhi faktor predisposisi, oleh karena itu perlu dicari bahan alternatif yang dapat mengatasi bakteri ini. Tumbuhan berkhasiat obat menjadi alternatif pengobatan hingga saat ini, salah satu contoh yaitu bawang bombay yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak bawang bombay (Allium cepa L) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni (true experimental) dengan rancangan penelitian Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode serial dilusi dengan metode pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometer. Bawang bombay kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas  Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak bawang bombay (Allium cepa L) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yaitu konsentrasi 1,56%.   Kata kunci: Bawang bombay (Allium cepa L), Staphylococcus aureus, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM).  
HIGIENE SANITASI DAN KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS AIR MINUM PADA DEPOT AIR MINUM ISI ULANG (DAMIU) DI KOTA TOMOHON TAHUN 2015 Pandeinuwu, Filisita V.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.12171

Abstract

HIGIENE SANITASI DAN KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS AIR MINUM PADA DEPOT AIR MINUM ISI ULANG (DAMIU) DI KOTA TOMOHON TAHUN 2015 Filisita V Pandeinuwu1), Jootje M.L Umboh1), Woodford B.S Joseph1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sam Ratulangi ABSTRACT Drinking water is water that has processing or without processing that meets the health requirements and can be drunk directly. Safe drinking water to health if it meets the requirements of physical, microbiological, chemical and radio active. The purpose of this research is to gain an overview of hygiene and sanitation and bacteriological quality of drinking water in the drinking water depots Refill (DAMIU) in Tomohon. This study is a descriptive survey with cross sectional design. The population in this study were all DAMIU who tataled 15 depots and all officers of the depot, which has 21 officers. Samples DAMIU is 15 to 30 DAMIU in Tomohon taken one person from each depot. Assessment using a format based on the book Physical Examination Guidelines for the Implementation of Drinking Water Sanitation Hygiene Depot Health Ministry. Bacteriological Quality tested through laboratory examination using multiple tube test method with the corresponding requirements Permenkes No. 492/Menkes/KES/PER/IV/2010. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Indicates that the physical conditions of hygiene and sanitation of 15 DAMIU 8 DAMIU (53.3%) have not yet qualified and 7 DAMIU (46,7%) were eligible. 6 DAMIU for bacteriological quality (40%) of 15 DAMIU positive for coliform bacteria and E.coli. 8 DAMIU (53.3%) do not meet the requirements of hygiene and sanitation based on the guidelines for the implementation operation of drinking water hygiene and sanitation depot and there are 6 DAMIU (40%) do not qualify DAMIU bacteriological and 9 (60%) had qualified bacteriological. Drinking water depot owners should apply pengelolahan depot Sanitation Hygiene in drinking water and drinking water quality chechs at regular intervals, so that the resulting drinking water safe and healthy. For further research is need for other indicators are examined to determine the bacteriological contamination in drinking water. Keywords: Depot Refill drinking water, Sanitation Hygiene, the bacteriological quality ABSTRAK Air minum adalah air yang memiliki proses pengolahan atau tanpa proses pengolahan yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dan dapat langsung diminum. Air minum aman bagi kesehatan apabila memenuhi persyaratan fisika, mikrobiologis, kimiawi dan radio aktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang higiene sanitasi dan kualitas bakteriologis air minum pada Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang (DAMIU) di Kota Tomohon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua DAMIU yang berjumlah 15 depot dan semua petugas depot yang berjumlah 21 petugas. Sampel DAMIU adalah 15 dari 30 DAMIU yang ada di Kota Tomohon diambil 1 orang dari masing-masing depot. Penilaian menggunakan Format Pemeriksaan Fisik berdasarkan buku Pedoman Pelaksanaan Penyelenggaraan Higiene Sanitasi Depot Air Minum Kementrian Kesehatan. Kualitas Bakteriologis diuji melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode uji tabung ganda dengan persyaratan sesuai Permenkes RI No. 492/MENKES/KES/PER/IV/2010. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Menunjukkan bahwa kondisi higiene sanitasi fisik dari 15 DAMIU  8  DAMIU (53,3%)  belum memenuhi syarat dan 7 DAMIU (46,7%)  telah memenuhi syarat. Untuk kualitas bakteriologis 6 DAMIU (40%) dari 15 DAMIU positif mengandung bakteri Coliform dan E.coli. 8 DAMIU (53,3%) belum memenuhi persyaratan higiene sanitasi berdasarkan pedoman pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan higiene sanitasi depot air minum dan terdapat 6 DAMIU (40%) tidak memenuhi syarat bakteriologis dan 9 DAMIU (60%) telah memenuhi syarat bakteriologis. Pemilik depot air minum harus menerapkan Hygiene Sanitasi dalam pengelolahan depot air minum dan melakukan pemeriksaan kualitas air minum secara berkala, agar air minum yang dihasilkan aman dan sehat. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya perlu adanya indikator lain yang diteliti untuk mengetahui kontaminasi bakteriologis pada air minum   Kata kunci : Depot air minum Isi Ulang, Higiene Sanitasi, kualitas bakteriologis  
UJI EFEKTIVITAS DIURETIK EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI SALAK (Salacca zalacca varietas zalacca (gaert.) Voss) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) Latuconsina, Novita Handayani
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5361

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research has purpose to examine the diuretic effects of Salak seed’s ethanol extract and to analyze the relationship of dose concentration of Salak seed’s ethanol extract upon diuretic effect on Wistar white male mice (Rattus norvegicus). 15 mice were divided into five different treatment groups, namely: negative control (0.5% CMC suspension), positive control (5.04 mg/kg furosemide suspension), suspension of Salak seed’s ethanol extract 0.07 g/KgBB, suspension of Salak seed’s ethanol extract 0.14 g/KgBB, and suspensions of ethanol extract of salak seeds 0.28 g/KgBB. The Tests of diuretic effect were conducted by calculate  the urine volume which was excreted urine during 6 hours of treatment. The data were analyzed by SPSS ver.20, one way ANOVA test to find out the average difference in each treatment group, if there is significant difference, it is continued with LSD test. The result of LSD test showed that the treatment group of Salak seed’s ethanol extract 0.07 g/KgBB didn’t give any significant results with CMC 0.5% (negative control) as compared with the treatment group of Salak seed’s ethanol extract 0.14 g/KgBB and 0.028 g/KgBB that gave significant results, this means that the higher concentration of Salak seed’s ethanol extract is set, the bigger diuretic effect is created.   Key words : ethanol extract of  salak seeds, diuretic effect, Wistar white male mice (Rattus novergicus)   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek diuretik ekstrak etanol biji salak dan menganalisis hubungan konsentrasi dosis ekstrak etanol biji buah salak terhadap efek diuretik pada tikus putih jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak 15 ekor hewan uji dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu: kontrol negatif  (suspensi CMC 0,5%), kontrol positif (suspensi furosemide 5,04 mg/KgBB), suspensi ekstrak etanol biji salak 0,07 g/KgBB, suspensi ekstrak etanol biji salak 0,14 g/KgBB, dan suspensi ekstrak etanol biji salak 0,28 g/KgBB. Pengujian terhadap efek diuretik dilakukan dengan mengukur volume urin yang dikeluarkan selama 6 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan spss ver.20, uji one way ANOVA untuk melihat perbedaan rata-rata setiap kelompok perlakuan, jika terdapat beda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD untuk melihat perbedaan antar setiap kelompok perlakuan. Dari hasil uji LSD menunjukkan kelompok perlakuan suspensi ekstrak etanol biji salak 0,07 g/KgBB tidak memberikan hasil yang signifikan dengan CMC 0,5% (kontrol negatif) dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan suspensi ekstrak etanol biji salak 0,14 g/KgBB dan 0,028 g/KgBB memberikan hasil yang signifikan dengan kelompok CMC 0,5%, hal ini berati semakin tinggi konsentrasi suspensi biji salak maka semakin besar efek diuretik yang dihasilkan.   Kata kunci : ekstrak etanol biji salak, efek diuretik, tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus).
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Tuna, Melisa R.
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10194

Abstract

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Melisa R. Tuna1), Billy J. Kepel1), Michael A. Leman1) 1)Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT ABSTRACT Bacterial infections of the oral cavity are often caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and micro-organisms rod-shaped gram-negative and anaerobic. Some of  diseases in the oral cavity that can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus is periodontal abscess. Giving an antibiotics can be done to overcome it. But used an antibiotics often cause bacterial resistance to the antibiotic substance. The development of an alternative treatment that does not cause side effects needs to be done. One of the plant that has been used as traditional medicine include soursop leaves. Soursop leaves is a kind of natural materials which contain tannins, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids that function as an antibacterial. This research aims to determine the inhibition of soursop leaf extract on growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This research  was an experimental laboratory with true experimental design and posttest only control design with Kirby-bauer modification method using filter paper. Study subject are soursop leaf third of the shoots were extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. The results of  this study showed that the area of the inhibiting zone soursop extract was 12,3 mm. From the research can be concluded that the soursop leaf extracts have inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus accretion. Inhibition of soursop leaf extract third from the shoots, including a strong group. But, the inhibiting zone of soursop extract is smaller than the inhibiting zone of antibiotic. Keywords: periodontal abscess, soursop leaf extract (Annonamuricata L.), Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAK Infeksi bakteri pada rongga mulut yang sering terjadi disebabkan oleh Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, dan mikroorganisme gram negatif yang berbentuk batang dan anaerob. Beberapa penyakit dalam rongga mulut yang dapat disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus yaitu abses periodontal. Pemberian antibiotik dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik sering menyebabkan resistensi bakteri terhadap zat antibiotik. Pengembangan suatu alternatif pengobatan yang tidak menyebabkan efek samping perlu dilakukan. Salah satu tanaman yang telah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional diantaranya adalah daun sirsak. Daun sirsak merupakan jenis bahan alam yang memiliki kandungan tannin, alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak daun sirsak terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium, menggunakan rancangan eksperimental murni (true experimental design) dengan rancangan penelitian posttest only control design dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-bauer menggunakan kertas saring. Subjek penelitian ini ialah daun sirsak urutan ketiga dari pucuk yang diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun sirsak Annona muricata L. terhadap Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 12,3 mm. Daya hambat ekstrak daun sirsak urutan ketiga dari pucuk termasuk golongan kuat. Diameter zona hambat dari ekstrak daun sirsak lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan diameter zona hambat dari antibiotik.   Kata kunci: Abses periodontal, Ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.), Staphylococcus aureus      
EFEK ANTIBAKTERI SALEP EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS PUTIH (Alpinia galangal [L] Swartz) PADA KULIT PUNGGUNG KELINCI YANG DIBUAT INFEKSI Staphylococcus aureus Tandy, Debora; Edy, Hosea Jaya; Supriati, Hamidah Sri
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.509

Abstract

The aim of these research were to study antibacterial effect, effective concentration, and theeffect of concentration alteration of white galangal rhizome extract ointmentto heal rabbitsback skininfected with Staphylococcus aureus. Extraction was done by maceration usingethanol 96% as solvent. Observation of healing time was done by observing infectionhealingtime on rabbits back skin after anointment treatment, which based onthe disappearance oferythema and pus. The result shows that 10% of white galangal rhizome extract ointmenteffective to heal the infection of Staphylococcus aureus. It shown by its short healing timecompared with concentration 3% and 5%. One way ANOVA result shows that there was asignificant effect between concentrations 3%, 5%,and 10%. (Fcalculation 27,30>Ftable 3,48),it meant that high concentration resultingshorter healing time.Keywords: antibacterial effect. Alpinia galangal L., Staphylococcus aureus, rabbit backskin

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