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INDONESIA
Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,118 Documents
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Identifying key clinical markers for congenital cytomegalovirus infections: a PCR-confirmed case-control study Corebima, Brigitta IRV; Iskandar, Agustin; Sulistijono, Eko; Amalia, Najwa; Fauziah, Dina; Sanjaya, Hayyu Rafina
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 65 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi65.3.2025.463-70

Abstract

Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (CCMV) infection is the leading cause of congenital infections worldwide. Clinical manifestations of CCMV are highly variable and make the clinical diagnosis difficult, especially in settings where advanced diagnostic tools are not available. Objective To identify a cluster of clinical manifestations indicative of CCMV and analyze for correlations with PCR-confirmed diagnoses. Methods This case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Malang, East Java, and included 40 neonates clinically suspected to have CCMV. PCR specimens from urine or saliva were collected and analyzed to evaluate clinical manifestations of suspected CCMV. Demographic and clinical data were organized and analyzed using SPSS. Results Of neonates with suspected CCMV, 32.5% (n=13) had PCR-confirmed CCMV. The median age for PCR testing post-suspected CCMV was 8.50 (range 3.75 to 24.25) days. Significant correlations emerged between PCR-confirmed CCMV and symptoms such as microcephaly, jaundice, purpura, thrombocytopenia, acute liver injury, hepatomegaly, feeding difficulties, and anemia. However, seizures, low birth weight, ventriculomegaly, and intrauterine growth restriction did not show significant associations, indicating their limited utility as solitary markers for CCMV. The clinical symptoms associated with CCMV were confirmed by PCR, emphasizing the significance of certain sign and symptom clusters, such as microcephaly with thrombocytopenia (OR 41.60; P<0.001), or the traditional triad of jaundice, purpura, and hepatosplenomegaly/acute liver injury (OR 41.60; P<0.001). Conclusion Several clinical manifestations are significantly associated with PCR-confirmed CCMV infection, underscoring the diagnostic value of specific symptom combinations in identifying CCMV infection. These combinations are microcephaly and thrombocytopenia and the classic triad of jaundice, purpura, and hepatosplenomegaly/acute liver injury. 
Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and diastolic dysfunction as neonatal sepsis mortality predictors in preterm neonates Tampy, Safitri Tia; Hidayah, Dwi; Lilijanti, Sri
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 65 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi65.3.2025.216-23

Abstract

Background Neonatal sepsis is a significant challenge in neonatal care, particularly among preterm neonates who are highly vulnerable due to their underdeveloped immune systems. Traditional markers for predicting the outcomes of neonatal sepsis, such as procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, are not always available all across places. Objective To evaluate the predictive value of platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and diastolic dysfunction for neonatal sepsis mortality in preterm neonates. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in 42 preterm neonates with neonatal sepsis admitted to Dr. Moewardi Hospital. The PLR and NLR were collected at two time points: the first blood specimen was drawn within the first 24 hours of life and the second was collected 72 hours later. Diastolic function was assessed by echocardiography performed within 48–72 hours after the diagnosis of sepsis. Mortality during treatment was recorded as the dependent variable. The relationships among these variables were analyzed with bivariate and multivariate analyses, and the significance level was set at P<0.05. Results Of 42 subjects, 57.1% died. Increased NLR and diastolic dysfunction were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality (OR=3.64; P=0.049 and OR=25.0; P<0.001, respectively), while PLR was not. Multivariate analysis revealed that diastolic dysfunction  remain a significant independent predictor of mortality (adjusted OR=28.9;P=0.001), whereas NLR did not maintain statistical significance (P=0.093). Conclusion Diastolic dysfunction was an independent predictor of mortality in preterm neonatal sepsis. The NLR and PLR did not associate with mortality in preterm neonatal sepsis. Rigorous monitoring of cardiovascular function is crucial in the management of neonatal sepsis.
Spectrum of Chronic Renal Failure in Children at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta Tambunan, Taralan; Wirya, I.G.N. Wila; Alatas, Husein
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 30 No. 9-10 (1990): September-October 1990
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to report the hospital prevalence of chronic renal failure, the spectrum of the various underlying diseases and the outcome of these patients managed with conservative treatment. The diagnosis of chronic renal failure was established either on the first hospital admission or during the course of the disease. During the period of three years (1986-1988), 489 cases of various renal diseases were admitted to the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. Twenty-one cases (4.3%) with chronic renal failure were diagnosed and in 18 out of them (85.7%) the underlying diseases could be established while in the remaining three cases (14.3%) the primary renal diseases were uncertain. All patients were managed conservatively and none of them were treated either by regular dialysis or renal transplantation. Eight patients (38.0%) died during follow up, another five cases (23.8%) were still under routine control, while the remaining eight (38.0%) were lost on follow up.
Miliary Tuberculosis in Children: A Clinical Review Rahajoe, Nastiti N.
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 30 No. 9-10 (1990): September-October 1990
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Eighty cases of miliary tuberculosis admitted to our hospital between January 1981 and December 1984 were reviewed. The age of the patients ranged from 3 months to 12 years, with an average of 2 years 2 months (26.5 months). Nine cases (11.25%) died during hospitalization due to the severe condition at the time of admission. Only 8 patients (10%) were in good nutritional condition. Seventy-two patients (90%) had been visiting the primary health care clinic for several times since 2-3 months but were never diagnosed as suffering from tuberculosis. Fever or recurrent fever were found in 78 cases (97.5 %o), anorexia in 65 cases (81.3 %), chronic and/or recurrent cough in 72 cases (90%) and malaise in 43 (53.8%). Forty-one (51.3%) denied the presence of a close contact with source of infection. Hepatomegaly was found in 44 cases (55%), 19 (23.8%) of which were associated with splenomegaly. Choroidal tubercle was found in 4 cases; 1 case with coxitis, 1 with brain tuberculoma, 1 with ascites, 1 with endobronchitis and 1 with hepatitis. Forty-three (53.8%) were tuberculin negatives, 24 of which become positives after treatment. Four­teen cases had BCG scar. History of measles was found in 21 cases. Children with long-term and recurrent fever, anorexia, decrease in body weight, and recurrent cough should be suspected of having TB, thus enabling to get an early diagnosis.
Anti-Diphtheric Toxin Antibodies in Healthy Children in Kindergartens Using the Immunoenzymatic Assay Method Santoso, Hendra; Suwendra, I Putu; Kari, I Komang
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 30 No. 9-10 (1990): September-October 1990
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Although the immunization program for children in Indonesia follows the WHO recommendation, in some areas high diphtheric morbidity rates still occur for children under 5 years of age. This study deals with the ELISA for immunoglobulin G antibodies against diphtheric toxin in healthy children in kindergartens to determine the immunity status. One hundred and ninety eight samples of serum were collected from children of 18 kindergartens in West, East and South Denpasar districts and were investigated for Ig G diphtheria using the ELISA method. History of immunization was obtained from the patient's immunization cards and an interview by the doctors. It was assumed to be immune when the lg G level was above 0.01 IU/ml. Eighty one out of 95 (85%) children from the control group (who had never had basic immunization) had Ig G levels above 0.01 IU/ml and 81 out of 83 (97.6%) children from the group who had completed basic immunization (3 injections) had Ig G level above 0.01 IU/ml. It seemed that natural infection played still a major role to develop immunity in those children.
The Age of Menarche as Related to Physical Growth of Junior High School Girls in Jakarta Samsudin, Samsudin
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 30 No. 9-10 (1990): September-October 1990
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

A study on the age of menarche and its relation to physical growth was conducted in 1444 junior high school girls who were selected by means of stratified random sampling from districts in Jakarta. This study revealed that 1276 girls had already menarche at differet ages, 56.4% of them at the age under 13 years with 1.6% at the age 9-10 years. The mean age of menarche was 13.0 ± 1.1 years. The relationship between the age of menarche and physical growth was studied on a subsample of 301 girls consisting of 133 whose age of menarche was the same as the chronological age at the time of study, and 168 who had not yet had menarche. Comparison on physical growth was based on weight, height, MUAC, and triceps skinfold respectively. The study reveal that significant higher values on those indices were observed in girls who had already had menarche as compared to the same age girls who had not yet. The value of difference was higher in younger age group as compared to the older one. Besides that the relatively higher values of weight for height combined with higher values for triceps skinfold indicates the relative overweight in girls with younger age of menarche. This study showed that menarche may occur at less than 13 years if a girl showed faster physical growth and was relatively overweight, altough many other factors of growth and development should also be considered.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) Elymbra, Dahnul; Ramayati, Rafita; Rusdidjas, Rusdidjas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 30 No. 9-10 (1990): September-October 1990
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

A case of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis in a 12-year-old girl is reported; the patient had been suffering since she was 2.5 years old. The diagnosis was made based on history, clinical symptoms, radiology and laboratory findings. The patient showed abnormalities of the eyes, namely left papilla, atrophy and right papillar edema. Osteoporosis was found in the proximal area of the right and left ulna and radius as well as in the lateral epicondylus. Laboratory findings such as rheumatoid factor, LE cells and ANA were negative; the C, was low; AST0 was within normal ranges and the serum creatinine was 2.3 mg%. When this paper was made the patient was still under outpatient treatment; complaints of arthralgia disappeared after she had been treated with aspirin.
The Allergy Management of Bronchial Asthma in Children in Surabaya Harsono, Ariyanto; Partana, Js.; Partana, L.
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 30 No. 9-10 (1990): September-October 1990
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

The allergy management of bronchial asthma consists of avoidance of exposure to allergens either inhalant, or ingestant, hyposensitization in cases where complete avoidance is impossible and drug therapy is needed. The diet initiated in allergic children is principally a diagnostic tool. There are two important diet regimens. First, ''The Elimination Diet', indicated in patients to exclude major allergenic foods such as fruit, milk, egg, fish, and peanut Secondly, ''The Minimal Diet'' (Modified Rowe's Diet), consisting of several foods ''allowed'' such as water, rice, coconut, beef, soy-cake, soy sauce, spinach, carrot, garlic and onion, salt and sugar, while other foods are prohibited. To obtain clear improvement of symptoms, the diet must be continued for 3 weeks. If improvement occurs, a challenge can be performed. All previously excluded foods can be reinstituted one at a time in a sufficient amount, every day for one week. If no symptoms appear, the food can be considered as non allergenic to the patient. If symptoms reappear, the food should be suspected as causing the allergy. For diagnosis, three challenges are required. Pharmacologic therapy is initiated with ephedrine and chlortrimeton as needed. Aminophylline and beta 2 agonist may be given as a substitute if the former drugs fail to relieve the symptoms. Intravenous aminophylline and corticosteroid are used especially in ''status asthmaticus''.
Corticosteroid Inhalation in the Treatment of Childhood Asthma Munasir, Zakiudin; Knol, Klaas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 30 No. 9-10 (1990): September-October 1990
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Inhaled corticosteroids are a dramatic advance in the therapy of chronic asthma. Corticosteroid inhalation therapy in children offers the same advantages over oral medication as in adults. Inhaled corticosteroid has a better effects compared with other prophylactic antiasthma therapy such as theophylline, sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen. However, it is obvious that inhaled corticosteroids are not completely free of side effects, both topical and systemic such as suppresiion of hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal-axis (HPA), growth retardation, osteoporosis, cataract formation, blood count and immunoglobulin changes, oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia. Recently, many clinicians have been using this effective and save treatment more freely and for longterm administration.
Carnitine and Infant Formulas Firmansyah, Agus
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 30 No. 5-6 (1990): May-June 1990
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Carnitine (gamma-trimethylamino-beta­ hydroxybutyric acid) is a quaternary amine which is capable of forming esters with a variety of acyl groups and was first iden­tified by Gulawitsch and Krimberg in 1905. Carnitine deficiency was first noted by Fraenkel (1984) who observed that if cer­tain insects were fed a diet free of carnitine, they would die in four to five weeks. Since that time, intensive studies had been done and led to suggestion that a primary func­tion of carnitine was as a carrier molecule translocating long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the matrix, where they underwent beta-oxida­tion (Friedman and Fraenkel, 1955). Carnitine is plentiful in human milk and milk-based infant formulas; however, it is lacking in supplemented soy formulas. Since newborn infant may not fully capable of synthesizing carnitine, they must receive an adequate intake of carnitine through the diet. This article describes some aspects of carnitine with special reference to the role of carnitine on fat metabolism.

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