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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,118 Documents

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Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity Rasyidah Rasyidah; Sujan Ali Fing
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 53 No 2 (2013): March 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of themain causes of visual impairment in premature infants.Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors for ROPin premature infants.Methods This retrospective study included premature infantsborn in Stella Maris Women's and Children's Hospital and admittedto the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and NeonatologyDepartment from November 2009 to May 2012. We included allpremature infants with body weight (BW) < 1500 g or gestationalage (GA) < 32 weeks, and selected infants with BW 1500 - 2000g or GA > 32 weeks with unstable clinical courses who had beenscreened for ROP. Data was analyzed with Fisher's exact test andindependent t test.Results Of the 48 premature infants in the study, ROP wasdetected in 6 (12.5%) of the subjects. Stages ofROPwere classifiedaccording to the International Classification ofRetinopathyof Prematurity. Stage 1 ROP was detected in 1 (2.1 %) subject;stage 2 ROP was detected in 3 (6.25%) subjects; and stage 3ROP was found in 2 ( 4.2%) subjects. The 2 infants with stage3 ROP required surgery. No ROP was detected in infants withGA ~30 weeks or BW > 1250 g. Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), sepsis, blood transfusion, and apnea were found to beassociated with development ofROP. Duration of oxygen therapywas found to be a significant risk factor for ROP in a comparisonof the no ROP group to the ROP group: 14.0 (SD 9.508) daysvs. 3.81 (SD 5 .218) days, respectively (P<0.05). In addition,the duration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)usage was also a significant risk factor for ROP, with 1.83 (SD1.329) days in the ROP group vs. 0.76 (SD 1.122) days in theno ROP group (P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of ROP in the premature infants inour study is 12.5%. Retinopathy of prematurity is associated withlower BW, lower GA, lower Apgar score at the 5th minute, RDS, sepsis, apnea, blood transfusion, aminophylline usage, as well aslonger duration of oxygen therapy and CPAP usages.

Delayed puberty in thalassemia major patients Jose RL Batubara; Arwin Akib; Diah Pramita
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 4 (2004): July 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Delayed puberty is the most common endocrine com-plication in thalassemia major. The main cause of delayed pu-berty in thalassemia major is the failure of the hypothalamic-pitu-itary axis due to iron accumulation in the pituitary.Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the preva-lence of delayed puberty in Î²-thalassemia major patients in theDepartment of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta. This study also evaluated the adequacy of chelationtherapy and determined serum gonadotropin and sex hormonelevels in these patients.Methods Seventy-two patients with Î²-thalassemia major aged 13-18 years old who visited the Thalassemia Outpatient Clinic of CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital during February-July 2003 were includedin the study. Each subject underwent examinations to determinethe body weight and height, pubertal status, serum iron level, totaliron binding capacity, and the levels of serum LH, FSH, estradiol(in girls) or testosterone (in boys).Results Delayed puberty occurred in 40 of 72 patients (56%). Themajority of patients with delayed puberty showed low levels of se-rum LH, estradiol, and testosterone whereas low levels of serumFSH only occurred in 6 of 21 boys and 11 of 19 girls. Most of thepatients without delayed puberty had normal levels of serum LH,FSH, and estradiol, but 8 of 16 boys showed decreased serumtestosterone levels. Only 3 patients used chelation therapy ad-equately, all of them showed normal puberty.Conclusions The prevalence of delayed puberty in Î²-thalassemiamajor patients in this study was still high (56%). Periodic examina-tion and recording of pubertal stage need to be done in girls whohave reached 8 years old and boys who have reached 9 years oldso that early detection and management of delayed puberty canbe done.

Management of growth disorders Aman Bhakti Pulungan; Henriette A. Delemarre vande Waal
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 42 No 9-10 (2002): September 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi42.5.2002.225-38

Growth is the most fundamental characteristic of childhood. As multi factorial and complex as growing process, children normally grow in a remarkably predictable manner. Deviation from this normal pattern of growth can be the first manifestation of diseases. Both endocrine and nonendocrine disorders may occur and involve any organ system of the body. Frequent and accurate assessment of growth therefore is of primary importance for physicians and nurses caring for children.1

Microbial Contamination of the Gut; another Feature of Malnutrition Michael Gracey; Suharjono Suharjono; Sunoto Sunoto; Delys E. Stone
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 15 No 7-8 (1975): July - August 1975
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The microbial flora of the stomach and upper small intestine was studied in 21 malnourished Indonesian children with diarrhoea and compared with that found in 21 Australian children of Caucasian extraction with a variety of alimentary disorders. In the Indonesian children there was marked microbial contamination of the upper gastrointestinal tract with a wide variety of microorganisms. In several patients there was significant overgrowth by Candida sp. and in several others large numbers of anaerobic bacteria were isolated. It is suggested that these microbiological abnormalities are related to the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in children with malnutrition.

Nutritional Status of Underfives at Balimbingan PTP VIII Simalungun Residence of North Sumatra Erdanini Erdanini; Riza Iriani Nasution; Endang D. Hamid; Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 37 No 5-6 (1997): May - June 1997
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi37.5-6.1997.114-23

A cross sectional study was done on nutritional status of underfives at Balimbingan PTP VIII Simalungun residence of North Sumatra in 1992. The sample consisted of randomly selected 237 children, most of them were between 1-3 years age. Data were collected by using a questionnaire, physical examination, and anthroÂpometric measurement. Using weight for age parameter, the percentages of children with good to moderately nourished, mildly malnourished, and severely malnourished were 69.6%, 23.7%, and 6.7%, respectively. Using height for age parameter, the perÂcentages were 68.8%, 21.1%, and 10.1%, respectively. About half of the babies were breast-fed after 24 hours and 32,5% was breastfed at the age of 1-12 hours. There were 132 (78.1%) babies who got milk formula at the age of less than 4 months; of which 63.9% were given very diluted formula. Most babies (68%) were already given solid food at the age of less than 4 months. The relationship between number of chilÂdren with nutritional status of underfives was statistically significant (p<0.05), however there was no relationship between nutritional status with parents' education, formula feeding, and time at which solid food was given.

Performance of Neonatal Unit, Arifin Achmad Hospital, Pekanbaru Dewi Anggraini Wisnumurti
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 6 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Arifin Achmad Hospital is the largest hospital inRiau Province, Indonesia, which serves as referral hospital andoffers tertiary care for sick neonates.Objective To review the performance of the Neonatal Unit ofArifin Ahmad Hospital as a mean to further improve the overallcare Mth specific interest to improve neonatal outcomes.Methods We collected the clinical data of all patients admitted tothe Neonatal Unit from 2008 to 2010. Diagnoses were classifiedaccording to the International Statistical Classification of Diseasesand Related Health Problems 10th Revision (Revised leD 10). Weevaluated the overall performance of the unit, including numberof beds, number of patients, and bed occupancy rates (BOR). Thespectrum of diagnoses was also described. Associations betweenclinical characteristics and patient outcomes were analyzed usingunivariate Chi square test.Results The number of available beds increased from 10 beds in2008 to 24 beds in 2010, thereby decreasing the BORfrom 112%in 2008 to 82% in 2010, despite the yearly increase in numberof patients (702 in 2008, 772 in 2009, and 821 in 2010). MostNeonatal Unit patients were male, aged 0ô€’3 days at the time ofadmission, had birth weights of 2500ô€’4000 grams, born in RSUDArifin Achmad and were born vaginally. Respiratory problems,prematurity and infections were the three main reasons foradmission. Birth weight, the presence of congenital malformations,referral status, and < 7 day length of stay were associated withmortality.Conclusions The performance of the unit increased during the3ô€’year period of study. Most patients admitted had respiratoryproblems, fetal growth problems, or infections. We found that birthweight, congenital malformations, referral status, and decreasedlength of stay were prognostic factors for patient outcomes.[Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:356-61].

Initial brain CT scan and shunting outcomes in children with hydrocephalus Andi Anita Utami; Alifiani Hikmah Putranti; Yetty Movieta Nency; Eddy Sudijanto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 53 No 4 (2013): July 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Hydrocephalus is one of the most common clinicalconditions affecting the central nervous system, with a congenitalhydrocephalus incidence of 3-4 per 1000 births. Incidence ofacquired types of hydrocephalus is unknown. Brain computerisedtomography (CT) scan can be used to assess the size of ventriclesand other structures. Shunting has long been performed toalleviate hydrocephalus. Shunting has dramatically changed theoutlook of children with hydrocephalus, with many of them havingnormal life expectancies and attaining normal intelligence.Objective To determine the outcomes of shunting in childrenwith hydrocephalus based on initial brain CT scan.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in Dr. KariadiHospital. Initial brain CT scan data were collected from themedical records of children admitted to the Neurosurgery Wardfor ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery from January 2009to December 2010. We studied the brain CT scan findings beforeVP shunt surgery and the outcomes of the children after VP shuntsurgery. Radiological findings were determined by a radiologistresponsible at that time.Results This study consisted of 30 subjects, 19 boys and 11girls. Initial brain CT scans to assess disease severity revealed thefo llowing conditions: lateral ventricle dilatation in 7 subjects,lateral and third ventricle dilatation in 16 subjects, and lateral,third and fourth ventricle dilatation in 7 subjects. After VPshunt surgery, 3 subjects in the lateral, third and fourth ventricledilatation category died. They were grouped according to theircondition. Group 1 consisted of subjects with only lateral ventricledilatation and subjects with lateral and third ventricle dilatation(23 subjects), while group 2 consisted of subjects with lateral,third and fourth ventricle dilatation (7 subjects). More survivorswere found in group 1 than those in group 2.Conclusion Less severe initial brain CT scan findings areassociated with better shunting outcomes children withhydrocephalus.

Prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants at the Neonatal Ward, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta Benita Deselina; Sukman Tulus Putra; Rulina Suradi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 6 (2004): November 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Patent ductus arterious (PDA) is one of the mostcommon congenital heart diseases encountered in preterm infants.The lower the birth weight and gestational age are, the higher theincidence of PDA is.Objectives To investigate the incidence of PDA in premature infantshospitalized in the neonatal wards of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospitalusing echocardiography.Methods Preterm infants born between August and October 2003were included in this study. Clinical features were retrieved from medicalcharts. The first echocardiography was conducted on all of the preterminfants at the chronological age of 3 days. If PDA was detected,echocardiography was repeated at the chronological age of 6 days.Results During the 3-month period, sixty-five preterm infantsparticipated in this study and underwent echocardiography. In thefirst echocardiogram, the incidence rate of PDA was 32%. Atgestational age of less than 28 weeks, 1 of 2 infants had PDA. Of 3infants with birth weight of more than 1000 grams, 2 had PDA. Onthe second echocardiography, the incidence rate of PDA was 14%and mostly found in infants at gestational age of less than 28 weeks(8/9) and in those with birth weight of less than 1000 grams (7/9).All infants with RDS whose PDA was identified in the firstechocardiography proved to maintain their PDA in the secondechocardiography.Conclusion The incidence rate of PDA in preterm infants was14%. The lower the birth weight, the higher the incidence rate ofPDA. The presence of RDS is related to the delay in the closing ofthe arterial duct

Clinical features of children with retinoblastoma in Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia Bidasari Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 9-10 (2001): September 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.5.2001.234-6

We reviewed patents with retinoblastoma treated at the Department of Child Health, Adam Malik Hospital, Medan from January 1995 to December 1999. Clinical staging was based on Reese-Ellsworth classification (when the disease was limited to the eyeball) or on St Jude Children's Research Hospital (when the disease has extended beyond the eyeball). A total 19 retinoblastoma patients were available, from which 9 were males. Fifteen patients were less than 5 years old, and the average age at diagnosis was 3 years 8 months. In most patients the disease started at the age of less than 5 years, and they presented themselves with advanced stage as usually seen in developing countries. In nine patients the retinoblastoma affected the right eye, 8 affected the left eye, and in 2 patients the tumor was bilateral. The most common presenting symptom on admission was proptosis. Pathological confirmation was obtained in all patients. Bone marrow puncture was done in 15 patients; of whom 13 showed bone marrow metastasis. Since 1998 the standard treatment for patients with proptosis in stage III or IV of the disease was pre-operative chemotherapy followed by enucleation, radiation and chemotherapy.

Malaria: Overview of the Global Situation and Problems in Asia Sumarmo Sumarmo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 29 No 1-2 (1989): January - February 1989
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi29.1-2.1989.33-8

The overall world malaria situation has remained static in recent years, but the disease continues to be a major public health problem in endemic countries. Of a total world population of 4818 millions in 1985, about 2316 millions (48%) live in areas where antimalarial measures are carried out. About 405 millions Â people inhabit areas where no specific measures are undertaken to control malaria transmission, and the prevalence of malaria remains virtually unchanged.In Asia west of India. 186 out of 222 millions people live in originally malarious areas. Fifteen million people live in areas which have been freed from the disease, and 35 millions in areas with limited risk. About 4 millions people ore not protected by specific antimalarial measures. In Middle South Asia with a total population of about 884 millions. 850 millions (96%) are exposed to malaria risk of varying degrees. With the exception of a small area in Nepal, all originally malarious areas are included under malaria control operations. Of a total population of 1670 millions in the East Asia and Oceania region, 1324 millions live in originally malarious areas. Malaria has been eradicated from areas where 144 millions live, and the risk in considered to be limited in areas with a population of 531 millions.In view of the goal of health for all by the year 2000, malaria control programs must be on important part of the overall health program in malarious countries. These programs would require participation of many different disciplines, including some not specifically related 10 health care. This must be done with an understanding of malaria epidemiology and the local ecological situation, and tailored to economic reality in the malarious region being considered.

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