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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,118 Documents

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Comparison of the efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine with quinine-clindamycin for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children Purnama Fitri; Armila Armila; Munar Lubis; Syahril Pasaribu; Chairuddin P. Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 2 (2009): March 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is amajor contributor to increasing malaria-related morbidity andmortality. Artesunate-amodiaquine is a potential combinationtherapy that shows improved treatment efficacy. Clindamycin incombination with quinine is also a safe and effective treatmentfor multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria.Objectives To compare the efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine andquinine-clindamycin combination therapies for the treatment ofuncomplicated falciparum malaria.Methods This randomized open label trial in 23 2 children agedbetween one month and 18 years old took place in MandailingNatal, North Sumatra, from August to September 2006. The AAgroup received a 3-day oral course of artesunate (4 mg/kg BWonce a day) plus amodiaquine (10 mg/kg BW once a day). TheQC group received a 3-day course of clindamycin (5 mg of base/kgBW twice a day) plus a 7-day course of quinine (10 mg of salt/kgBW orally for the first four days, then 5 mg of quinine salt/kg BWfor the next three days). We performed thin and thick peripheralblood smears on days 0, 2, 7, and 28.Results A total of 232 eligible children were enrolled but only22 7 completed the study (114 in group AA, 113 in group QC).The cure rates were lOOo/o in both groups by the second day, andthere was no recrudescence in either group. We found more sideeffects in AA group compared with in QC group, i.e., headacheand vomiting.Conclusion Artesunate-amodiaquine and quinine-clindamycincombinations showed similar efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicatedP. falciparum.

Correlation between vivax malaria infection and iron deficiency in children Desmansyah Desmansyah; Rini Purnamasari; Theodorus Theodorus; Sulaiman Waiman
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Iron deficiency is considered to be a major public health problem around the world due to its high prevalence as well as its effect on growth, development, and infection-resistance in children. In malaria-endemic areas, malaria infection is thought to contribute to the occurrence of iron deficiency, by means of hepcidin and hemolysis mechanisms. Objective To assess the prevalence of asymptomatic vivax malaria, compare hemoglobin levels and iron status parameters between vivax malaria-infected and uninfected children, assess the prevalence of iron deficiency, and evaluate a possible correlation between vivax malaria infection and iron deficiency. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2013 at Sanana City of Sula Islands District, North Maluku. Six parameters were evaluated in 5-11-year-old children: malaria parasite infection, hemoglobin level, serum iron concentration, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), serum transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin concentration. Results Among 296 children aged 5-11 years, 75 (25.3%) were infected with Plasmodium vivax. In infected children, hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, TIBC and serum ferritin were significantly lower than in non-infected children (P<0.01). Using a serum ferritin cut-off of <15 Î¼g/dL, 142 (48.0%) of the children were found to be iron deficient. There was a strong correlation between vivax malaria infection and iron deficiency (OR 3.573; 95%CI 2.03-6.29). ConclusionThe prevalence of asymptomatic vivax malaria infection was 25.3%. The hemoglobin level and iron status parameters in vivax malaria-infected subjects were significantly lower than in uninfected children. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 48.0% for all study subjects. Malaria vivax infection was correlated with iron deficiency in 5-11-year-old children at Sanana City.

Inhibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G towards group A Streptococcus Î² -hemolyticus in 21 and 28 days after a single intramuscular injection Bambang Madiyono; Mulyadi M Djer; Sudigdo Sastroasmoro; Amin Subandrio; Erni Erfan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 43 No 4 (2003): July 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background The effectiveness of a single intramuscularbenzathine penicillin G as a secondary prevention of acute rheu-matic fever after 28 days is still controversial. The latest studyshowed that serum penicillin concentration was below protectivelevel in 4 weeks after a single intramuscular injection.Objective This study was a preliminary study to compare the in-hibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G towards group A Strepto-coccus Î² -hemolyticus in 21 and 28 days after a single IM injectionby using Mueller-Hinton broth method.Methods The inhibiting ability was measured by the serum in-hibitory concentration and serum bactericidal concentration aftera single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin G 1.2 mil-lion units.Results The subjects were 28 patients, with mean age of 15.5years (SD 3.4). The numbers of male and female were equal. Meanserum inhibitory concentration in 21 days after a single injectionwas 926.4 (SD 3080.1) and after 28 days was 1540.9 (SD 4275.1),which was not significantly different (p=0.0662). Mean serum bac-tericidal concentration in 21 days after IM injection was 1579.6(SD 4265.7) and in 28 days was 2417 (SD 6849.4) and it was notstatistically different (p=0.2276).Conclusion This study concluded that there was no significantdifference in the inhibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G to-wards group A Streptococcus Î² -hemolyticus between 21 and 28days after a single intramuscular injection

Relation of bleeding patterns and factor VIII levels in children with hemophilia Rina Rahardiani; H. S. Moeslichan MZ; Agus Firmansyah
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 4 (2006): July 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.4.2006.159-63

Background The high costs of factor VIII examination cause thedelay in the diagnosis of hemophilia A; consequently many pa-tients do not receive adequate therapy which results in failure tosurvive into adulthood or survive with creeple.Objective To determine bleeding patterns of hemophilia A pa-tients for the prediction of its classification.Methods We perform retrospective analysis of hemophilia patientsat the Integrated Service Center of Hemophilia, Cipto Mangun-kusumo Hospital, Jakarta.Results Family history, age at the first bleeding, frequency of bleed-ing, and factor VIII examination can significantly differentiate theclassification of hemophilia A (P=0.015; 0.014; <0.0001; and<0.0001, respectively) while age groups, triggering trauma for thefirst bleeding, type of the first bleeding, history of previous trauma,the most frequent type of bleeding, age at diagnosis, and con-sumption of cryoprecipitate cannot. (P=0.985; 0.475; 0.342; 0.318;0.058; 0.477; and 0.547, respectively).Conclusion Age at first bleeding, frequency of bleeding, and fam-ily history can be used to predict classification of hemophilia A.

Nosocomial septicemia in neonates Rachma F. Boedjang
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 39 No 1-2 (1999): January - February 1999
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi39.1-2.1999.14-9

This study reports the prevalence of nosocomial septicemia (NS) and the relative risk (RR) of NS in neonates with intravenous (IV) line as well as in low birth weight infant, and the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in detecting septisemia. We evaluated a prospective cohort of 182 out of 541 neonates admitted to the Special Care Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, during a 12 months period (October 1996 to September 1997). Information was recorded on each baby's indentity including primary diagnosis. On the basis of clinical evidence they were divided into two groups: neonates with IV line (92) and non IV line (90). Neonates in whom clinical was suspected when they were more than 72 hours of admittance were eligible for study. Clinical diagnosis of septicemia was confirmed by CRP and proven by blood culture. There were 182 newborn infants, 106 boys of them were boys. 66 out of 182 (36.3%) were diagnosed as septicemia clinically. Among them (81.8%) were CRP positive and 85.2% were proven by blood culture. The overall prevalence of septicemia was 25.3% of evaluation and was most common in IV line with a prevalence of 36.9%, while in non IV line was 13.3%. The RR of NS in IV line and low birth weight infants were 2,74 and 2.67 respectively. The etiologic agents were mostly gram negative: E. coli (49.1%), Pseudomonas sp. (16.4%), Enlorobacter sp. (19.1%). The only gram positive cocci was Staphylococcus aureus (12.7%). NS almost always occurs in Special Care Unit. CRP was a valuable adjunct for diagnosing septicemia. The RR was higher in IV line and low birth weight infants. The most common pathogens in this study was gram negative.

Chlorpromazine-HCL in Acute Infantile Diarrhoea (A Brief Clinical Observation) Pitono Soeparto; Haroen Noerasid; Liek Djupri
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 22 No 3-4 (1982): March - April 1982
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi22.3-4.1982.43-8

A total of 78 patients aged between 2 months aruJ 3 years suffuing from acute watery diarrhoea underwent investigation. Fifty-seven patients rectived chlorpromazinne-HCl 1 mg/kg BW/day in addition to oral glucose electrolyte solzuion. Twenty-one patimts were given a combination of chlorwomazine-HCL ( 1 mgjkg BW /day) wu/ antibiotics in additio11 to oral glucose electrolyte solution.In the first group diarrhoea stopped within 3 days in 70.4% and within 7 days in 85.2% of the treated patients. In the secoruJ group almost similar results were observed: resp. 70% and 85%. Three patients in the first group (5.3%) and 1 patient in the second group (4.8%) received i.v.f.d. because of the worsening of the diarrhoea.Side-effects observed during the study, were irritability irt one patient, heavy sedation in 2 patients and uncoordinated movements in one patient.

Enuresis profile in 6-7 year-old children at five elementary schools in Sario district, Manado Adrian Umboh; Astrid A. Malonda; T. A. Sudjono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 6 (2007): November 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Enuresis is inappropriate urination by a child whohas reached an age which bladder control is expected. The etiologyis unknown, but some factors influence it.Objective To identify enuresis profiles in 6-7 year-old children.Methods It was a descriptive prospective study at five elementaryschools in Sario district Manado from May to September 2005.Data were obtained by questionnaires.Results Out of 63 children with enuresis, 67% aged 6 years, 57%were male, 37% had enuresis more than 4 times a month, 64%had enuresis more than 8 times a day. No one had complaint ofurinary tract infection. Most cases (70%) had enuresis since birth,51% of cases got toilet training at the age of 3-4 years old. Noneof enuretic children had divorced parents. Nocturnal enuresisoccurred in 81% of cases, 54% of cases had 4 family members,30% of cases had family history of enuresis.Conclusions Enuresis in 6-7 year old children is most commonlyseen in boys. Enuresis mostly happens for more than 4 times in amonth with urination more than 8 times a day. There is nocomplaint of urinary tract infection. Most of the cases haveenuresis during nighttime. Toilet training starts by the age 3-4years old. Most cases had enuresis since birth. They came from afamily with 4 family members, and in most situation no familyhistory of enuresis is found.

Role of Denver II and Development Quotients in the management of several pediatric developmental and behavioral disorders Titi Sularyo; Bernie Endyarni; Tri Lestari H; Tirza Z. Tamin; Gitayanti Gitayanti
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 1 (2012): January 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficitand hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are nowadays becoming moreand more frequently found. Parents are worried of the possibilitythat their children suffer from them. Growth and developmentclinics (GDC) should be able to deliver professional services. Thusa practica~ applicable, objective, valid, reliable, and able to measuredevelopment quotient (DQ) values instrument is needed.Objective To find out whether the Denver II instrument andDQ values can be used in the management of children with ASDandADHD.Methods A study was carried out on cases of children withASD, multisystem development disorder (MSDD), pervasivedevelopment disorder - n ot otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), andattention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), consistingof history taking, physical examination, establishing diagnosis,therapy, evaluation, and follow-up. The Denver II instrumentwas used and DQ values in all development streams established.The study was done at the GDC of Hermina Depok Hospital inJuly 2008 - June 2009.Results It revealed that results of the Denver II as seen on thefilled Denver II form showed "typical" features related to kind ofdisorder as far as category ofDQ value, dissociation, global delayeddevelopment (GDD) as well as abnormality of the test behaviorwere concerned. It also revealed that establishing the diagnosesby the use of the Denver II and DQ values gave exactly the samediagnoses as when using the conventional way by the expert.Conclusion The Denver II instrument with DQ values can beused in the management of ASD and ADHD cases. [Paediatrlndones. 2012;52:51-6].

The association between nutritional status and motor development in children under five years old Nurhayati Masloman; Stefanus Gunawan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 45 No 3 (2005): May 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi45.3.2005.107-10

Background Severe malnutrition in children is closely related todelayed physical growth and mental development. Very few re-ports mention the effects of mild to moderate malnutrition on mo-tor development.Objective The objective of this study was to determine the rela-tionship between nutritional status and motor development in earlychildhood.Methods In this cross-sectional study, we examined body weightof children under 5 years of age, the ability to sit or walk withoutsupport, and parachute sign in those under 2 years of age whocame to community child health surveillance posts in TumintingSubdistrict, Manado, Indonesia.Results Among 359 under-five children, 296 were well-nourishedand 63 had mild to moderate malnutrition. The ability to sit withoutsupport in malnourished children was significantly delayed com-pared to that in well-nourished ones (P=0.03). The ability to walkwithout support and parachute sign were not significantly differentbetween the two groups.Conclusion The ability to sit without support in children with mildto moderate malnutrition is delayed compared to that in well-nour-ished ones

Persistent proteinuria as an indicator of renal disease in HIV-infected children Yuni Hisbiiyah; Risky Vitria Prasetyo; Dwiyanti Puspitasari; Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso; Ismoedijanto Moedjito; Mohammad Sjaifullah Noer
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 6 (2016): November 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Persistent proteinuria (microalbuminuria) has been reported to be a precursor of HIV-related renal disease. Screening allows for early management in order to prevent the progression of renal disease and decrease morbidity and mortality associated with chronic kidney disease in HIV. Several studies have been done on renal manifestation in HIV-infected children from American and African regions, but similar studies from Asia are lacking.Objective To determine the prevalence of persistent proteinuria in HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy (ARV) in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya.Methods A cross-sectional study on children with HIV and treated with Â highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT) was done from August 2014 to February 2015. Microalbuminuria was measured by the ratio of urine albumin to creatinine (ACR), while proteinuria was measured by dipstick. Measurements were performed 3 times in 4-8 weeks. All subjects underwent complete evaluation of blood tests, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), CD4 counts, and urinalysis. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression tests.Results Of 38 children on HARRT enrolled in this study, 2 subjects developed acute kidney injury (AKI), 4 subjects were suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI), and 1 subject was suspected to have urinary tract stones. The prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria was 2.6%. There was no correlation between immunological status, WHO clinical stage, or duration of ARV and the incidence of persistent proteinuria (P>0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of persistent proteinuria is Â lower in younger HIV-infected children at a non-advanced stage and HIV-infected children with normal immunological status who are on HAART. We provide baseline data on the renal conditions of HIV-infected children in the era of HAART, before tenovofir is Â increasingly used as an antiretroviral therapy regimen in Indonesia.

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