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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,118 Documents

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Heights and Weights of Preschool Children Visiting the MCH Clinic of the General Hospital (RSUPP), Medan Leman Sembiring; Leonard Napitupulu; S.M. Manoeroeng
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 18 No 5-6 (1978): May - June 1978
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The average height and weight of 4.082 children visiting the General Hospital (RSUPP), Medan, throughout 1969-1974 were higher than that reported by Sukonto et al. (1939). However, the heights and weights of school children at 5 to 6 years as reported by Hartaman et al. (1973) were higher than our findings in this study. Compared with the U.S. growth charts the height of these children was very close to the 10th percentile, while the weight was between the 3rd and the 10th percentile of the Harvard standard. At birth the average weight was very close to the 50th percentile of the Harvard standard, at one year it was very close to (below) the 10th percentile, while at 2-5 years it was slightly above the 3rd percentile.

Diagnostic tests of microscopic and urine dipstick examination in children with urinary tract infection Nurul Hidayah; Pungky Ardani Kusum; Noormanto Noormanto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 5 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

BackgroundÂ Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common inÂ childrenand, if incorrectly handled, may cause long-term complications,suchÂ as renal failure. The best test to diagnose UTIs is urineculture. However, urine culture is time-consuming, taking 3 - 5days.Â Therefore, there is a need for faster, alternative methods.Urinalysis is a common diagnostic test toÂ establishÂ the diagnosisof UTI.ObjectiveÂ To determine the sensitivity andspecificity of urine leukocytes, nitrite and leukocyteÂ esterase forUTIs diagnosis.Methods We performed diagnostic tests at Dr. Sardjito Hospital,Yogyakarta. We examined the presence of leukocytes in urine by microscopy,urinary nitrite and leukocyte esterase by dipstick test, while comparing to urine culture as the gold standard.ResultsÂ Two hundred childrenÂ were included in our study. Byparallel test analysis, we found the sensitivity, specificity, positivepredictive value and negative predictive value of using all 3 testsin combination were 95%, 59%, 74% and 89%, respectivelyConclusion Test for urine leukocytes,Â nitrite and leukocyteesterase have high sensitivity but low specificity for diagnosingUTIs. Therefore, negative results in these 3 tests do not ruleout the possibility of UTI in children. [Paediatr Indones.2011 ;51;252-5].

Factors associated with oxygenation improvement in children with ARDS Abdul Chairy; Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih; Endy P. Prawirohartono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 1 (2014): January 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background In pediatric patients, acute respiratory distresssyndrome (ARDS) has a high mortality rate of approximately25%. In surviving children, ARDS may result in sequelae, suchas restrictive or obstructive lung dysfunction, muscle weaknessand hypotrophy, as well as psychiatric, intelligence, and memoryproblems.Objective To identify prognostic factors related to oxygenationimprovement in children with ARDS.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in the pediatricintensive care unit (PICU) ofSardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta.We included 20 children aged 29 days to 18 years who fulfilled theARDS criteria. They underwent lung recruitment maneuver for1 hour. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess for possibleassociations between potential prognostic factors and oxygenationimprovement.Results None of the subjec ts had significant hemodynamicchanges or hypercapnea during lung recruitment. Two prognosticfactors from our univariate analysis, namely type of ARDS (RR0.17; 95% CI 0.023 to 1.23; P= 0.079) and severity of ARDS(RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.007 to 0.84) , were analyzed by multivariatelogression test. However, the results were not statisticallysignificant for type of ARDS (RR 0.33; 95% CI0.009 to 1.41) orseverity of ARDS (RR 0.11; 95%CI 0.009-3.25).Conclusion We do not identify any prognostic factors, includingtype and severity of ARDS, associated with oxygenationimprovement in children with ARDS.

Good outcomes in operative management of acquired prothrombin complex deficiency: a serial case report Lola Purnama Dewi; Eka Nurfitri; Evodia Evodia; M. Tiya Romli
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 5 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Acquired prothrombin complex deficiency (APCD) is a serious bleeding disorder in infants caused by idiopathic vitamin K deficiency. This disorder has a high mortality rate and sequelae are often seen in those that survive. The principal treatments are giving vitamin K and evacuating hemorrhages.Objective To report the outcome of surgical and non-surgical management in several cases of APCD.Method Eighteen infants diagnosed with APCD had similar histories: all were less than 4 months of age as well as exclusively breastfed, and none received vitamin K injections after birth. The diagnosis of APCD was made based on prolonged prothrombin times and proven intracranial hemorrhage on brain CT-scan. All subjects were treated with vitamin K injections for 5 days and offered craniotomy procedures.Results Out of 18 subjects, 10 underwent craniotomies, 9 within 48 hours of diagnosis and 1 on the fifth day of hospitalization. Two patients with small subdural hematomas were treated conservatively. Four subjects refused hospitalization. Two refused the craniotomy and died. All patients treated (12 cases), with both surgical and conservative treatment, were survived. Survivors were followed for 6 months and 10 of whom returned to the hospital for follow-up (9 patients who had operative procedures and 1 who did not). One patient who with craniotomy on the fifth day hospitalization had hydrocephalus as a sequela.Conclusion Operative procedure was needed for treatment of APCD in some cases with moderate until severe intracranial bleeding, while vitamin K injection only stop the progress of intracranial bleeding not as currable treatment of massive intracranial bleeding. [Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:298-302].

Neonatal seizures: clinical manifestations and etiology Daisy Widiastuti; Irawan Mangunatmadja; Taralan Tambunan; Rulina Suradi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 6 (2006): November 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Neonatal seizures or fits are signs of central ner-vous system (CNS) diseases, metabolic disorders, or other dis-eases disrupting the CNS. Neonatal seizures are poorly classi-fied, under-recognized and often difficult to treat. It is important torecognize the type of neonatal seizures that might be the only signof a CNS disorder.Objective To recognize the type and etiology of neonatal sei-zures in several hospitals in Jakarta.Methods This was an observational case series study on full-termand preterm infants who had seizures during hospitalization in CiptoMangunkusumo, Harapan Kita, and Fatmawati Hospitals betweenJanuary-June 2005. Neonatal seizures were defined as seizuresoccurring in the first 28 days of life of a term infant or 44 completedweeks of the infantâ€™s conception age of preterm infant.Results There were 40 neonates who born within the study periodand had seizures. Girls were outnumbered boys. Most neonateswere full-term with birth weight of more than 2500 grams. Analy-ses were done on 38 neonates with epileptic and non-epilepticseizures, while the other two who had mixed clinical manifestationwere not included. Most seizures occurred in the first 3 days of life(23/38). The most common type was focal clonic (12/14) followedby general tonic (11/24) and motor automatism or subtle (10/24).The most common etiology was hypoxic ischemic encephalopa-thy (HIE) (19/38) followed by metabolic disturbances, mainly hy-pocalcaemia (11/38).Conclusion Common types of seizures in neonates were focalclonic, general tonic, and motor automatism (subtle). The mostcommon etiology was HIE followed by metabolic disturbances,mainly hypocalcaemia

Immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura' A. H. Markum; Maria Abdulsalam; S. Muslichan; Iskandar W.
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 13 No 3 (1973): March 1973
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi13.3.1973.77-82

Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenicÂ purpura (I. T.P.) in childhood is acondition with a self-limiting courseÂ that will usually improve spontaneously.Â In severe cases, however,Â blood transfusion and corticosteroidsÂ are indicated. Lusher and ZuelzerÂ (1966) who analysed 152 cases ofÂ acute I.T.P. in children concludedÂ that 92.6% of the untreated as wellÂ as 97.5% of the corticosteroid-treatedÂ gave uneventful recovery withoutÂ recurrence of thrombocytopenia. OnÂ the other hand, in chronic I.T.P.,Â where the immune mechanisms playa more important role than in acuteÂ I.T.P., administration of corticosteroidsÂ seems of little value. HarringtonÂ et al. (1951) found the presence ofÂ platelet antibodies in 8 out of 10 casesÂ of chronic I.T.P. The importance ofÂ platelet antibodies which either destroyÂ or inhibit platelet formationÂ from megakaryocytes in the boneÂ marrow; has been demonstrated byÂ other investigators (Kuramoto, 1966;Â Rolovic et aI., 1970).Â

The quantity and quality of anti-PRP induced by the new Indonesian DTwP-HB-Hib vaccine compared to the Hib vaccine given with the DTwP-HB vaccine Novilia Sjafri Bachtiar; Kusnandi Rusmil; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Hadyana Sukandar; Rini Mulia Sari; Cissy B. Kartasasmita
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 57 No 5 (2017): September 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background A phase II study of DTwP-HB-Hib vaccine compared to Hib (monovalent) vaccine given simultaneously with DTwP-HB vaccine has been done following the success of phase I study in infants, where the new DTwP-HB-Hib has excellent safety profiles and antibody responses in infants.Objective To evaluate the titer (quantity), avidity, and bactericidal capacity (quality of anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate/anti-PRP), of a new combined Bio Farma DTwP-HB-Hib (pentavalent) vaccine, compared to the Hib monovalent vaccine given simultaneously with the DTwP-HB vaccine (DTwP-HB+Hib).Methods The study was a prospective, randomized, open label, phase II trial. Subjects aged 6-11 weeks were allocated according to the randomization list. The pentavalent group received the DTwP-HB-Hib vaccine, while the monovalent group received the Hib monovalent and DTwP-HB vaccines separately. Immunizations were given in three doses with 28-day intervals. Blood specimens were taken before the first dose and 28 days after the last dose. We evaluated anti-PRP titers quantity (geometric mean antibody concentration/GMC) and seroprotection), followed by avidity and bactericidal (quality) testing. Titer and avidity of anti-PRP were tested using a modified version of the improved Phipps ELISA. Bactericidal capacity was evaluated using a Hib killing assay. Immune responses against other antigens in the vaccine were reported separately.Results One hundred five subjects in the pentavalent group and 106 subjects in the Hib monovalent group were tested for anti-PRP titers. Only 102 specimens for each group were available for bactericidal testing, due to insufficient volume for testing. Both vaccines induced similar anti-PRP titers, for GMC and seroprotection. Avidity increases were 82.9% and 76.4% in the pentavalent and Hib monovalent groups, respectively. Bactericidal activities were 94.1% and 89.2%, respectively. Both avidity and bactericidal activity were not significantly different between groups.Conclusion DTwP-HB-Hib vaccine induced anti-PRP quantity and quality comparable to those of the Hib monovalent vaccine given simultaneously with the DTwP-HB vaccine.

Difference of hemaglutinins between wild-type and vaccine measles virus in Indonesia Made Setiawan; Agus Sjahrurachman; Fera Ibrahim; Agus Suwandono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Hemaglutinin (H) protein of measles virus is veryimportant in the process of host cell infection. H protein is alsoable to induce specific antibodies which can neutralize measlesvirus and block the cell infection.Objective This study aimed to explore the nucleotide and aminoacid sequence differences between wild-type measles virus (G2,G3 and D9) with CAM-70, Schwarz and Edmonston-wt vaccinevirus.Methods The exctration and amplification of the gene wereconducted in the laboratory using biomolecular technology. Thegene and protein analysis were conducted using the bioinformatictechnology.Results The results showed that the differences in nucleotidesequences were highest between wild-type virus and CAM-70vaccine virus (76-77 nucleotides), followed by Schwarz (61-64nucleotides) and Edmonston (60-63 nucleotides). The differencesin amino acid sequences were highest between wild-type virusand CAM-70 (24-29 residues), followed by Schwarz (13-20residues) and Edmonston (12-19 residues).Conclusion The Indonesian wild-type measles virus was geneticallycloser to Schwarz vaccine virus than CAM-70 vaccine virus,hence the neutralizing antibodies generated by Schwarz vaccinewere more specific against Indonesian wild-type virus comparedto CAM-70 vaccine.

Skin prick test reactivity in atopic children and their number of siblings Beatrix Siregar; Lily Irsa; Supriatmo Supriatmo; Sjabaroeddin Loebis; Rita Evalina
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Some studies have shown that low birth order is a risk factor for developing atopy, although these results remain inconclusive. Those studies put forth the hygiene hypothesis, which states that early childhood infections in siblings may protect against atopy. Hence, an inverse relationship between family numbers and atopy was found. Atopy may be diagnosed from a history of atopy in an individual or his family, and can be confirmed by specific IgE for allergens or positive skin prick tests.Objective To assess for an association between skin prick test reactivity in atopic children and their number of siblings.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in May to June 2010 in elementary school children at the Kampung Baru District, Medan Regency, North Sumatera. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I had children with < 3 siblings and group II had children with â‰¥ 3 siblings. Skin prick tests were done in 7 to 10-year-old children with a history of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Skin prick test reactivity results were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results A total of 192 subjects were enrolled in this study, with 96 subjects in each group. Positive skin prick tests were significantly higher in subjects with <3 siblings than in those with >3 siblings (75% and 53.1%, respectively; P=0.003).Conclusion Atopic children with <3 siblings had more positive skin prick tests than children with >3 siblings.

Comparison of language and visual-motor developments between exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed infants through cognitive adaptive test/clinical linguistic and auditory milestone scale Lesmana Syahrir; Eddy Fadlyana; Sjarif Hidajat Effendi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 6 (2009): November 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Provision of adequate nutrients is needed in theearly year oflife to support the most rapid growth and development period in infant's life. Moreover, warm and responsive parent-child interaction associated with breastfeeding is beneficial for optimal child development.Objective The objective of this study was to compare the language and visual-motor developments between exclusively breast-fed and non-exclusively breast-fed infants.Methods This historical cohort study was performed from Mayto June 2009. Study subjects consisted of 6-month-old infantslived in Puskesmas Garuda operational area. Language and visual-motor development were measured by cognitive adaptive test/clinical linguistic &auditory milestone scale (CAT/CLAMS). The differences of CAT /CLAMS scores between groups were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test.Results There were 39 exclusively breastfed and 39 non-exclusively breastfed infants enrolled in this study. No significant differences were found between the two groups concerning the subject or their parents characteristics. Mean CAT/CLAMS score of the exclusively breastfed infants was 8.34 points higher than that of the non-exclusively breastfed infants (P=0.002). Similar outcomes were found in language and visual-motor scales which were higher in the exclusively breastfed infants with the differences of9.82 points (P=O.OOl) and 6.85 points (P=0.039), respectively.Conclusion Exclusively breastfed infants has higher language andvisual-motor developmental quotient score than non-exclusivelybreastfed infants.

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