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INDONESIA
Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,118 Documents
 48   49   50   51   52 
A comparison of axillary and tympanic membrane to rectal temperatures in children Tania Paramita; Mulya Rahma Karyanti; Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko; Aryono Hendarto; Dadi Suyoko; Abdul Latief
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 57 No 1 (2017): January 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (390.343 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi57.1.2017.47-51

Abstract

Background Core body temperature measurement is not commonly done in pediatric populations because it is invasive and difficult to perform. Therefore, axillary and tympanic membrane temperature measurements are preferable, but their accuracy is still debatable.Objective To compare the accuracy of axillary and tympanic temperatures to rectal temperature in children with fever, and to measure the cut-off point for fever based on each temperature measurement method.Methods A diagnostic study was conducted among feverish children aged 6 months to 5 years who were consecutively selected from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Pediatric Emergency Unit, and the inpatient ward in the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH), from December 2014 to January 2015. Subjects underwent three measurements within a two minute span, namely, the axillary, tympanic membrane, and rectal temperature measurements. The values obtained from the examination were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests.Results The cut-off for fever on axilla was 37.4oC and on tympanic membrane was  37.4oC, with sensitivity 96% (95%CI 0.88 to 0.98) and 93% (95%CI 0.84 to 0.97), respectively; specificity 50% (95%CI 0.47 to 0.84) and 50% (95%CI 0.31 to 0.69), respectively; positive predictive value/PPV 90% (95%CI 0.81 to 0.95) and 85% (95%CI 0.75 to 0.91), respectively; and negative predictive value/NPV 83% (95%CI 0.61 to 0.94) and 69% (95%CI 0.44 to 0.86), respectively. The optimal cut-off of tympanic membrane and axilla temperature was 37.8oC (AUC 0.903 and 0.903, respectively).Conclusion Axillary temperature measurement is as good as tympanic membrane temperature measurement and can be used in daily clinical practice or at home. By increasing the optimum fever cut-off point for axillary and tympanic membrane temperature to 37.8oC, we find sensitivity 81% and 88%, specificity 86% and 73%, PPV 95% and 91%, and NPV 95% and 91%, respectively. 
Bacillary Dysentery in Children Below Five Years of Age at the General Hospital, Manado T. H. Rampengan; A. S. Ongkie; J. M. Wantania; Muzief Munir
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 22 No 11-12 (1982): November - December 1982
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi22.11-12.1982.222-6

Abstract

Forty-six children below five years of age, diagnosed as having BacillaryDysentery, were admitted to the Department of Child Health, Medical School,University of Sam RatuiangifGunung Wenang General Hospital, Manado, during the period from July 1974 through June 1976. The majority of cases (89.2%) were below two years old, the youngest being 5 days of age. The main complaints when hospitalized were diarrhea (91.3%) and fever (76.1%).For treatment, rehydration and a combinartion of Tetracycline and Kanainycinwere used. The average length of hospitalization was 8.7 days. All of thepatients recovered.
Quality of home stimulation and language development in children aged 12-24 months living in orphanages and family homes Yuridyah P. Mulyadi; Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko; Hardiono D. Pusponegoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (117.24 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi49.1.2009.25-32

Abstract

Background  Language development  is  fundamental for children'sintellectual development. Therefore, early stimulation in thefirst  three  years  of  life play an  important  role especially indisadvantaged communities such  as  foster homes.Objective  To  determine  the  quality  of  home stimulation  andlanguage development, and their correlations in children livingin orphanages  and  family homes.Methods  This study was conducted between December  2007  andJanuary  2008.  Subjects were recruited from several orphanagesin Jakarta, Tangerang, Bogor, also three posyandus in Jakarta andTangerang.  The  quality  of  home stimulation was assessed usingHome  Stimulation  Observation  for  the  Measurement  of  theEnvironment (HOME) scores, while language development wasassessed using Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone ScaleDevelopment  Quotient  (CLAMS  DQ).Results  A total  of  80  healthy children, consisting  of  40  childrenin orphanages  and  40  in family homes were enrolled. Inadequatestimulation and language delay were found  to  be significantlyhigher in the orphanage group  (52.5%  vs.  27.5%; P=0.022  and57.5%  vs.  10%; P<0.001,  respectively).  HOME  Scores  andCLAMS  DQ  were also significantly lower in  the  orphanagegroup compared to those  in  the family home group  (25.6  vs31.5; P<0.001  and  84.0  vs  110.7; P=0.002).  Logistic regressionrevealed  that  caregiver-child  attachment  time was  the  onlyrisk factor  for  language delay  (OR  32.32; P<0.0001),  in  bothorphanages and family homes.Result  The  quality of home stimulation  is  lower in the orphanages,which results in a higher rate  of  language delay  in  children aged12-24  months.
The benefit of co-trimoxazole treatment in the management of acute watery diarrhea caused by invasive bacterial infection Bobby Setiadi Dharmawan; Agus Firmansyah; Imral Chair
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 3 (2007): May 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (423.573 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.3.2007.104-8

Abstract

Background World Health Organization (WHO) states thatantimicrobials are reliably helpful only for children with bloodydiarrhea (probable shigellosis), suspected cholera with severedehydration, and symptomatic infection caused by Giardia lamblia.The benefit of antimicrobial treatment in management of acutewatery diarrhea caused by invasive bacterial infection is still debated.Objective To prove the benefit of co-trimoxazole treatment inthe management of acute watery diarrhea caused by invasivebacterial infection in patients age 2–24 months.Methods This was a randomized, double blind clinical trialinvolving infants and children aged 2–24 months with acutewatery diarrhea caused by invasive bacterial infection withoutco-morbidity or complications. Invasive bacterial infection wasdefined by fecal leukocytes greater than ten cells (+2) per highpower field on stool. Subjects were assigned to receive either co-trimoxazole or placebo. The duration and frequency of diarrheabetween two groups were compared.Result Of 70 patients (co-trimoxazole, n=35; placebo, n=35),42 (60%) were children aged 12–24 months, of whom 61% wereundernourished. Males were affected 1.2 times as much as females.The clinical manifestations were mild-moderate dehydration(64%), mucus in the stool (100%), fever (24%), vomiting (10%),fever with vomiting (56%) and lactose malabsorption (53%).Duration of diarrhea in placebo group (mean 117.0 [SD 28.1]hours) was not significantly different (P=0.43) compared to thatin co-trimoxazole group (mean 122.5 [SD 30.1] hours). Frequencyof diarrhea per day in placebo group (mean 5.23 [SD 1.48] times)was not significantly different either (P=0.37) compared to thatin co-trimoxazole group (mean 5.64 [SD 2.20] times).Conclusion It is concluded that co-trimoxazole therapy providesno benefit to patients with acute watery diarrhea caused byinvasive bacterial infection. This disorder seems to be self-limited.
Child immune response and the role of nutrition Ariyanto Harsono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 45 No 5 (2005): September 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi45.5.2005.187-97

Abstract

The immune function is designed to defendthe body in a safe and efficient way againsta variety of dangerous materials includingtoxins and infectious organisms. Mechanical andbiological barriers prevent the penetration ofexogenous material into the body. Only after thesebarriers have been breached and cells have beendirectly attacked does the immune system come intoplay. By a variety of mechanisms, certain immunecells can directly phagocytose and destroy manypathogens. They require the close cooperation ofsomatic cells, which both alert the immune systemthrough alarm signals and later participate in theeffector phase. This first alarm signal can be groupedtogether as “stress signals”, known as the innateimmune response.
A survey on breastfeeding practices at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan Adi Sutjipto; Djaman Purba; Nasril Nazir; M. D. Purba; Helena Siregar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 3-4 (1981): March - April 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi21.3-4.1981.51-60

Abstract

From August up to December 1978 a survey had been carried out on breast milk feeding in children of 0-2 years treated in the Departement of Child Health, Medical School, University of North Sumatera, Medon. The method applied was by filling questionnaires.The results were as follows: from 65 children ill vestigated, 28 (43.1%) drank breast milk, 14 (21,5%) breast milk + artificial milk, 20 (30.8%) artificial milk and 3 (4.6%) did not get any milk.The time of starting artificial milk as additional milk feeding was found highest (33.3%) at the age 3 -6 months. The older the child the less the percentage of breast milk.
Corticosteroid and Immunosuppressive Treatment in Glomerulonephritis H. Alatas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 14 No 7-8 (1974): July - August 1974
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1032.888 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi14.7-8.1974.135-42

Abstract

On this occasion we would only re-view glomerulonephritis which is notassociated with systemic diseaseslike Schonlein Henoch purpura, Sys-temic lupus erythematosus etc.
PELOD score, serum procalcitonin, and lactate levels in pediatric sepsis Jufitriani Ismy; Munar Lubis; Erna Mutiara; Gema Nazri Yani; Yunnie Trisnawati
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (100.237 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.6.2015.293-6

Abstract

Background Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Procalcitonin and lactate have been used as biomarkers of sepsis, as they have been correlated with disease severity, organ failure and death. The Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score is a tool to assess the severity of organ dysfunction in critically ill children. Objective To investigate the correlation between PELOD score and procalcitonin and lactate levels in pediatric sepsis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with sepsis who were admitted to the PICU from April to July 2012. Sepsis was defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), as a result of suspected or proven infection. Proven infection was defined as positive culture findings (blood, urine or other specimens) and/or serum procalcitonin >=2 ng/mL. Spearman’s test was used to assess for correlations between PELOD scores and procalcitonin as well as lactate levels. Results Thirty-two patients were analyzed, consisting of 18 males and 14 females with an age range of 1-432 months (median 21 months). There was no statistically significant correlation between procalcitonin level and PELOD score (r=- 0.186, 95%CI -0.502 to 0.174, P=0.308) nor between lactate level(r=-0.069, 95%CI -0.408 to 0.287, P=0.709) and PELOD score. Conclusion Serum procalcitonin and lactate levels are not correlated with PELOD scores in children with sepsis.
Electroencephalogram abnormalities in full term infants with history of severe asphyxia Susanti Halim; I Gusti Nyoman Made Suwarba; I Made Kardana
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (94.104 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.6.2015.297-301

Abstract

Background An electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electroimaging tool used to determine developmental and electrical problems in the brain. A history of severe asphyxia is a risk factor for these brain problems in infants. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal EEGs in full term neonates and to assess for an association with severe asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and spontaneous delivery. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Outpatient Department of Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, from November 2013 to January 2014. Subjects were fullterm infants aged 1 month who were delivered and/or hospitalized at Sanglah Hospital. All subjects underwent EEG. The EEGs were interpreted by a pediatric neurology consultant, twice, with a week interval between readings. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Association between abnormal ECG and severe asphyxia were analyzed by Chi-square and multivariable logistic analyses. Results Of 55 subjects, 27 had a history of severe asphyxia and 28 were vigorous babies. Forty percent (22/55) of subjects had abnormal EEG findings, 19/22 of these subjects having history of severe asphyxia, 15/22 had history of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and 20/22 were delievered vaginally. There were strong correlations between the prevalence of abnormal EEG and history of severe asphyxia, HIE, and spontaneous delivery. Conclusion Prevalence of abnormal EEG among full-term neonates referred to neurology/growth development clinic is around 40%, with most of them having a history of severe asphyxia. Abnormal EEG is significantly associated to severe asphyxia, HIE, and spontaneous delivery.
Plasma digoxin levels and ejection fraction in pediatric heart failure Nafrialdi Nafrialdi; Sake Juli Martina; Mulyadi Djer; Melva Louisa
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (107.029 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.6.2015.322-7

Abstract

Background Digoxin has long been prescribed in children with heart failure, but its efficacy has not been evaluated. A previous study at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital revealed that plasma digoxin levels, following a maintenance dose of 15 μg/kg/d, were sub-therapeutic. Regarding its narrow margin of safety, the trend is to use digoxin in even lower dose. Thus, the drug’s impact on cardiac performance need to be evaluated. Objective To evaluate whether a lower maintenance dose of digoxin (10 μg/kg/d) is sufficient to achieve a therapeutic level and to assess for possible correlations between plasma digoxin level and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well as fractional shortening (LVFS). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 pediatric heart failure patients at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, from January to May 2012. Plasma digoxin levels were measured by ELISA method after one month or more of treatment; LVEF and LVFS were measured by echocardiography. Correlations between plasma digoxin level and LVEF or LVFS were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test. The LVEF before and after digoxin treatment were compared by paired T-test. Results Thirteen out of 20 patients had plasma digoxin levels within therapeutic range (0.5-1.5 ng/mL; 95%CI 0.599 to 0.898) and 7 had sub-therapeutic levels (<0.5 ng/ mL; 95%CI 0.252 to 0.417). No significant correlations were observed between plasma digoxin level and LVEF (r=-0.085; P=0.722) or LVFS (r=-0.105; P=0.659). There was a significant increase in LVEF before [42.18 (SD 14.15)%] and after digoxin treatment [57.52 (SD 11.09)%], (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Most patients in this study have plasma digoxin levels within therapeutic range. There are no significant correlations between plasma digoxin level at the time point of measurement and LVEF or LVFS. However, an increase of LVEF is observed in every individual patients following digoxin treatment.

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