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Jurnal Konstitusi

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Published by Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

ISSN : 18297706 EISSN : 25481657 DOI : 10.31078

Core Subject : Education, Social,

Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

Jurnal Konstitusi merupakan media triwulanan guna penyebarluasan (diseminasi) hasil penelitian atau kajian konseptual tentang konstitusi dan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Konstitusi terbit empat nomor dalam setahun (Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember). Jurnal Konstitusi memuat hasil penelitian atau kajian konseptual (hasil pemikiran) tentang konstitusi, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi serta isu-isu hukum konstitusi dan ketatanegaraan yang belum pernah dipublikasikan di media lain. Jurnal Konstitusi ditujukan untuk kalangan pakar, akademisi, praktisi, penyelenggara negara, LSM, serta pemerhati hukum konstitusi dan ketatanegaraan.

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Articles 896 Documents

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Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Prinsip Dalihan Natolu sebagai Hak Konstitusional Masyarakat Adat Batak Toba Butarbutar, Elisabeth Nurhaini
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap hak konstitusional masyarakat dalam nilai hukum ?dalihan natolu? sebagai bagian dari sistem hukum Indonesia untuk upaya penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif-empiris. Titik beratnya adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research), sedangkan studi hukum sebagai kenyataan (perilaku) yang bersifat empiris dilakukan melalui penelitian terhadap perilaku atau pola tingkah laku masyarakat mengikuti nilai hukum dalihan natolu sebagai hukum yang hidup (the living law. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap hak masyarakat adat Batak Toba, dijamin secara konstitusional dalam Pasal 18 ayat (2) jo. Pasal 28 I ayat (3) UUD Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia sepanjang masih eksis sebagai sub sistem hukum Indonesia juga sebagai identitas budaya dan hak masyarakat tradisional yang merupakan hak asasi manusia yang harus dihormati. Sebagai sub sistem hukum, prinsip dalihan natolu, juga mempunyai tata cara dan pembagian tugas yang tegas antara ketiga unsur kekeluargaan/kekerabatan dalam menyelesaikan konflik yang terjadi antara kerabat yang terikat dalam prinsip dalihan natolu. Di samping itu, secara yuridis, ditentukan bahwa hakim dan hakim konstitusi sebagai penegak hukum wajib untuk selalu mengikuti perkembangan nilai-nilai hukum dan keadilan masyarakat dalam mengadili dan memutuskan perkara yang dihadapkan kepadanya.This research aims to determine the legal protection of the constitutional rights of the community in the legal value of "dalihan natolu" as part of the Indonesian legal system for law enforcement efforts. This research is a normative-empirical research. The emphasis is on library research, whereas legal studies as facts (behavior) are empirical conducted research on behavior or behavioral patterns of society that apply the legal values of dalihan natolu as a living law. The results show that the legal protection of the constitutional rights of the Toba Batak indigenous people is guaranteed constitutionally within the Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as long as it still exists as a sub-integral of the Indonesian legal system and remains recognized in law enforcement efforts, because as a sub-system of law, the principle of dalihan natolu, also has a clear procedure and division of tasks between the three elements of kinship or kinship in resolving conflicts that occur between relatives who are bound in the principle of dalihan natolu. The reality of the validity of the principle of natolu dalihan is supported by the constitutional recognition of the state and reinforced by the granting of rights to customary law communities as parties to the dispute in the Constitutional Court. In addition, the obligation of judges and constitutional judges as law enforcers to always follow the development of legal values and justice of the community in splving and deciding cases faced to them.

Menakar Konstitusionalitas Syariâ€™at Islam dan Mahkamah Syarâ€™iyah di Provinsi Aceh Adhani, Hani
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Salah satu point penting yang diatur dalam perjanjian Helsinki terkait dengan penegakan hukum di Aceh adalah diberlakukannya Qanun dengan tujuan untuk menghormati tradisi sejarah Islam dan adat istiadat rakyat Aceh yang mayoritas muslim. Selain itu, untuk mensinergikan antara Qanun dengan pengadilan, maka di Provinsi Aceh dibentuk suatu sistem peradilan Syar?iyah yang tidak memihak dan independen, termasuk pengadilan tinggi yang tetap merupakan bagian dari sistem peradilan Republik Indonesia. Pembentukan Pengadilan Syar?iyah di Provinsi Aceh merupakan salah satu upaya untuk membuat kekhususan sebagaimana diatur dalam perjanjian Helsinki pada tahun 2005. Namun, dalam dataran teknis pengaturan manajemen pengadilan Syar?iyah juga masih terkendala khususnya oleh karena adanya dua aturan hukum yang berlaku yaitu Qanun yang dibuat oleh Dewan Perwakilam Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Aceh dan undang-undang yang dibuat oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat beserta Presiden. Hal tersebut berakibat Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh yang mengatur tentang teknis pengaturan pengadilan Syar?iyah dan pembuatan Qanun juga banyak di lakukan judicial review ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisa tentang efektifitas pemberlakukan Qanun dan pengadilan Syar?iyah di Provinsi Aceh pasca di undangkannya Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh. Adapun tulisan ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode penulisan normatif dengan pendekatan studi historis dan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengadilan Syar?iyah yang telah dibentuk di Provinsi Aceh meski pada awalnya mengalami kendala namun dapat berjalan baik. Adanya kekhususan yang diberikan kepada Provinsi Aceh merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk menjalankan amanat konstitusi khususnya Pasal 18B UUD 1945. One crucial point stipulated in the Helsinki agreement related to law enforcement in Aceh is the enactment of the Qanun with the aim of respecting Islamic historical traditions and the customs of the Acehnese people who are predominantly Muslim. Besides, to synergise between the Qanun and the court, in the Province of Aceh a Syar'iyah justice system was formed which was impartial and independent, including a high court which remained part of the judicial system of the Republic of Indonesia. The establishment of the Shariah Law in Aceh Province was one of the efforts to make it specific as stipulated in the Helsinki agreement in 2005. However, in the field of technical management of the Syariah court management is also still constrained especially due to the existence of two applicable laws namely the Qanun made by the Aceh Province Regional People's Representative Council and laws made by the House of Representatives and the President. This resulted in the Law on the Government of Aceh governing the Syar'iyah court and the Qanun being judged by the Constitutional Court. This paper aims to analyse the effectiveness of the implementation of Qanun and the Syar'iyah court in Aceh Province after the enactment of the Law on the Governing of Aceh. The writing is made using normative writing methods with historical study approaches, and case study approaches. The results of the study showed that the Syar'iyah court which had been formed in the Aceh Province even though initially had problems but could work well. The specificity given to the Aceh Province is part of an effort to carry out the mandate of the constitution, especially Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution.

Quo Vadis Pancasila sebagai Norma Konstitusi yang Tidak Dapat Diubah Eddyono, Luthfi Widagdo
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Pancasila memiliki posisi khusus dalam UUD 1945, Selain Pasal 37 ayat (5) UUD 1945 yang menyatakan, ?khusus mengenai bentuk Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia tidak dapat dilakukan perubahan,? Pancasila yang narasinya terdapat dalam Alinea Keempat Pembukaan UUD 1945 merupakan salah satu norma konstitusi yang tidak dapat diubah (unamendable article). Hal ini dikarenakan Pasal 37 ayat (1) UUD 1945 menyatakan hanya pasal-pasal UUD 1945 yang dapat diubah, sedangkan Pembukaan UUD 1945 bukanlah termasuk pasal UUD 1945. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk mencari tahu kaitan antara kedudukan Pancasila dalam ketatanegaraan Indonesia dan keberadaannya sebagai norma konstitusi yang tidak dapat diubah. Lebih lanjut, tulisan ini akan melihat konteks sejarah penentuan Pancasila sebagai dasar negara dan upaya untuk memasukan Pancasila dalam pasal UUD 1945. Selain itu, tulisan ini akan mengkaji putusan-putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang menyebut Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum dan dasar negara. Menurut Penulis, sebutan ?Pancasila? perlu ditetapkan dalam pasal-pasal UUD 1945 untuk menegaskan secara expressis verbis bahwa Pancasila merupakan dasar negara atau ideologi bangsa. Hal ini penting untuk menjadikan Pancasila tidak sekedar sebagai jargon semata yang bahkan nama Pancasila tidak tersebutkan dalam UUD 1945 meskipun narasinya terdapat dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945.Pancasila has a special position in the 1945 Constitution, in addition to Article 37 paragraph (5) of the 1945 Constitution which states, "specifically regarding the form of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, changes cannot be made," Pancasila which the narrative is contained in the Fourth Paragraph of the Opening of the 1945 Constitution is one of the constitutional norms that can not be changed (unamendable article). This is because Article 37 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution states that only the articles of the 1945 Constitution can be amended, while the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution does not belong to the 1945 Constitution. This paper intends to find out the relationship between the position of the Pancasila in Indonesian constitution and its existence as a constitutional norm which cannot be changed. Furthermore, this paper will look at the historical context of the determination of Pancasila as the basis of the state and efforts to include Pancasila in the 1945 Constitution article. In addition, this paper will examine the decisions of the Constitutional Court which called Pancasila as a source of law and the basis of the state. According to the author, the term "Pancasila" needs to be stipulated in the articles of the 1945 Constitution to expressly state that Pancasila is the basis of the state or ideology of the nation. It is important to make Pancasila not merely a jargon that even the name of Pancasila is not mentioned in the 1945 Constitution although the narrative is contained in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution.

MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DAN KONTRAK OUTSOURCING Ahmad Fadlil Sumadi
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 9, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has made the sovereignty still retained by the people, no more represented and fully held by the People’s Consultative Assembly like when the constitutional system of Indonesia was still embracing supremacy of parliament. In the constitutional perspective, the standing and relation between the state and people is becoming more obvious. Hence, in the case that constitutional dispute happened, there should have been an adjudication forum for solving the dispute. Therefore, Contitutional Court Of the Republic of Indonesia is established and designed constitutionally to solve the constitutional dispute through The Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Settlement of constitutional dispute through the review of constitutionality of norms in the regulation of outsourcing contract in The Labour Law at Contitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, with specific issue “the Contract of Employment for a specified time” that is regulated in Article 65 paragraph (7) and Article 66 paragraph (2) b of Labour Law is declaredconditionally unconstitutional.

Konstruksi Pertentangan Norma Hukum dalam Skema Pengujian Undang-Undang Tanto Lailam
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 11, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The study elaborated on the construction of “conflict of legal norms” in constitutional review scheme. There are eleven problems as result of this study, which include: The ideology of the state “Pancasila” as a standard review of “conflict of legal norms” act against 1945 constitution; Constitutional court has a review of act passed before and after 1945 Constitution amendment with standard of 1945 constitution; 1945 constitution is “the living constitution” for the enforcing of law and justice; Constitutional court has authority to review of act against 1945 constitution by vertical and horizontal perspective; enforceability aspect of constitutional review is a part of material review, not formal review; the meaning of “conflict of legal norms” must be comprehend elaborated in the decisions to enforcing of law and justice; Constitutional Court does not used priority of the original intent interpretation and remained unfulfilled of other model interpretation if original intent interpretation caused ineffectiveness of constitution; non constitution be permitted for the formal review, but in material review is not implement; “nemo judex idoneus in propria causa” of procedural law principle can remained unfulfilled by “ius curia novit” principle to promote of the 1945 constitution; the formal review of “conflict of legal norms” can remained unfulfilled by utility principle to priority of legal substance; the retroactive decision caused legal uncertainly.

Pengakuan Hak Konstitusional Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Industri Ekstraktif dalam Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Rakyat Cut Asmaul Husna TR
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 11, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Resource management, extractive industries have a significant role to state revenues. Extractive industries sector in Indonesia is a very closed industry sectors primarily on revenues derived from state income Cooperation Contract (KKS). Resource management paradigm for the extractive industries exploited only to pursue exchange of reliance State Budget (Budget) by denying the maximum prosperity for the people. Globalization can not be avoided has affected the existence of Law No. 22 of 2001 on Oil and Gas value-laden liberal-capitalistic. Consequently, there has been a paradigm shift in both the PSC and the people of the country to the tyranny of capital resulted in the country and people can not renegotiate the contract. Therefore, reform of the legal arrangements in the extractive industries absolutely must be done in order to realize the people’s welfare. Urgency juridical formation of the Draft Law on Amendments of Law No. 22 of 2001, based on the decision of the Constitutional Court Case No. 002/PUU-I/2003 and Decision No. 36/PUU-X/2012. Just and prosperous society, as a goal, requires the struggle to create the basics, which is referred to as the national interests of the Indonesian people. All efforts and actions to ensure the implementation of state remains fixed on the terminus ad quem, just and prosperous society.

Putusan Ultra Petita Mahkamah Konstitusi Ach. Rubaie; Nyoman Nurjaya; Moh. Ridwan; Istislam Istislam
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 11, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Basic considerations of the Constitutional Court made ultra petita verdict was:(a) philosophical reasons in order to enforce substantive justice and constitutional justice as embodied in the Constitution NRI 1945, (b) theoretical grounds related to the authority of the judge to explore, discover and follow the legal values that live in the community, if the law does not exist or insufficient legal anymore (outdated), and (c) juridical reasons relating to the provision of Article 24 paragraph (1) NRI 1945 Constitution and Article 45 paragraph (1) of Law no. 24 year 2003 on the Constitutional Court, that Court as organizers aim to enforce the judicial justice according to law and the evidence and the judge's conviction. The verdict the Constitutional Court which is ultra petita basically acceptable, all associated to the subject of the request and based on considerations which can be accounted for philosophical (ie, contains the values of justice, morality, ethics, religion, principle, doctrine). The authority to make ultra petita verdict for the Constitutional Court can only be given if there is vagueness of legal norms (vague normen) through the method of interpretation of the law, or if a legal vacuum (rechts-vacuum) through the creation of legal methods (rechtschepping). But considering the legal interpretation and legal formation are highly subjective, hence in order to prevent abuse of power, the Constitutional Court issued a verdict ultra petita, should be limited by the principles of a democratic state of law, the principles of fair trial and impartial, and general principles of good governance.

Corporate Social Responsibility: A Constitutional Perspective Muchamad Ali Safa’at
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 11, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Originally, the concept of CSR was come from business ethic values that impose corporation’s ethical responsibly to their social and natural environment. That development of ethical business was part of social consciousness on the degradation of environment as impact of corporation activities. This reality also raised the deep environmental ethic or deep ecology which challenge anthropocentrism economical development and urged ecocentrism development. In Indonesia, this phenomenon was marked by the enactment of Act 4/1982 on Environmental Management.The constitutional debate on CSR just began when the Indonesian Constitutional Court heard and decided the judicial review case of Act 40/2007 on Limited Liability Company which stipulate CSR mandatory law for corporation that have activity in natural resources areas. In its decision, Constitutional Court refused the petition. This means that the court affirmed that CSR mandatory law is not contrary to the Constitution. However, the legal argumentation of the court was not shifted from economical and environmental perspectives. The constitutional basis of the decision is Article 33 (4) concerning national economic principles and Article 33 (3) concerning state power on land, water, and natural resources. The Constitutional Court did not use the human rights concept as the source of CSR mandatory law.In constitutional law perspective, we can justify the CSR mandatory law from human rights guarantee on the constitution. CSR is one of the obligations to respect, to protect, to fulfill, and to promote human rights. Those obligations are not only bind over the government, but also corporation and all citizens. In that perspective, CSR should be mandatory law not only for the corporation which manage or correlate with natural resource, but for all corporations that operate in the middle of the society.

Hak Menguasai Negara Atas Mineral dan Batubara Pasca Berlakunya Undang-Undang Minerba Victor Imanuel Williamson Nalle
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 9, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Mineral and coal is one of Indonesia’s natural resource potential. Natural resources can bring prosperity for the people of Indonesia. Therefore we need a pro-mining policies of national economic interests. The experience of Indonesia during the New Order show the mining policy in favor of the interests of foreign capital through the mechanism of the work contract that puts the state as the inferior party. State’s right to control the mineral and coal mining policy does not appear in the New Order. Since the enactment of Law Number 4 of 2009, it seemed right to control the state through the licensing system. Besides the role of national capital in the mining sector also raised through divestment mechanism.

Tafsir Konstitusional Pelanggaran Pemilukada yang Bersifat Sistematis, Terstruktur dan Masif M. Mahrus Ali; Irfan Nur Rachman; Winda Wijayanti; Rio Tri Juli Putranto; Titis Anindyajati; Putria Gusti Asih
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 9, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The Constitutional Court has created a legal breakthrough in handling the local head election dispute, in order to uphold the democracy and break away from habitual practice of systematic, structured, and massive (STM) violations. The Court does not simply calculate the results of vote count but also have to seek the justice and prosecute results counting rate that were disputed. As the juridical normative research, the research uses a statutory, case, historical approach and the sociology of law. The research shows that throughout 2008-2011 Court has granted the dispute for as many as thirty-two cases. Of that amount of cases, those with the STM violations are as many as 21 (twenty one) cases. Whereas the nature of TSM were divided into two kinds namely cumulative and alternative which both may cancel local head election results. There are three types of local head election violations, first, violation in the process that does not affect the results of the election. Second, the breach in the process that affect the election results, thirdly, violation of the terms of conditions to be a candidate which are principal in nature and can be measured. The systematic, structured and massive violation of the local head general election is violations committed by the structural apparatus, both government officials and election organizers, collectively; not an individual action, well-planned (by design) and the impact of such offencesis extensive rather than sporadic.

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