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INDONESIA
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 19795920     EISSN : 27158365     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Majalah Ilmiah Chemistry Progress merupakan media untuk menyebarkan informasi ilmiah dan sarana komunikasi bagi para ilmuan dan cendekiawan melalui tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Majalah Ilmiah Chemistry Progress terbit dua nomor dalam satu tahun (Mei dan November) berisi kajian penelitian dalam lingkup ilmu kimia (organik, anorganik, analitik, biokimia, fisika, bahan alam, lingkungan, pangan, kelautan, pertambangan, farmasi dan komputasi). Jumlah halaman pervolume adalah 55-65 halaman.
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Articles 275 Documents
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AKTIVITAS SINGLET OXYGEN QUENCHING SENYAWA FLAVONOID DARI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea mays) Suryanto, Edi
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 9, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.9.2.2016.27988

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi fraksi flavonoid dari ekstrak etil asetat tongkol jagung serta menentukan aktivitas singlet oxygen quenching. Tongkol jagung diekstraksi dengan cara refluk menggunakan etanol 80% selama 2 jam. Setelah itu disaring dan filtratnya diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak etanol disuspensikan dalam air dan diekstraksi berturut turut dengan petroleum eter, etil asetat, butanol dan air. Fraksi pelarut terbaik difraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan silika gel 60 dan eluen n-heksana: etil asetat (4:6). Fraksi dievaluasi dalam singlet oxygen quenching dengan sistem reaksi fotooksidasi asam linoleat (0,03 M) dalam sistem emulsi yang mengandung 5,68 x 10-3 mM eritrosin sebagai sensitiser dan campuran reaksi disinari cahaya fluoresen (4000 lux) selama 5 jam. Hasil karakteristik senyawa hasil isolasi (F2) berdasarkan hasil analisa UV-Vis terdapat 2 pita serapan pada panjang gelombang 289 nm (pita I) dan panjang gelombang 313 nm (II) yang mengindikasikan bahwa senyawa hasil isolasi termasuk golongan flavonoid jenis flavanon atau dihidroflavon. Spektra UV senyawa terisolasi dengan pereaksi geser kemungkinan memiliki gugus hidroksi yang terletak pada atom C-5 atau C-7. Analisis spektrofotometer infra merah (IR) menunjukkan adannya bilangan gelombang 3375 cm-1 (OH, fenol), 2920 cm-1 (CH), 1462 cm-1 (C=C aromatik), 1604 cm-1 (C=0) dan 1031 cm-1 dan 1167 cm-1 (C-O-C). Isolat (F2) memiliki aktivitas singlet oxygen quenching (antiphotooxidation) terhadap fotooksidasi asam linoleat yang mengandung eritrosin sebagai sensitizer.ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to isolate and characterized flavonoid fractions from corn cob ethyl acetate extract and to determine the singlet oxygen quenching activity. Corn cob was extracted with a reflux method using 80% ethanol solvent for two hours. After the extraction, filttering was occurred and the filtrate was evaporated with rotary evaporator. The ethanol extract was suspended in water and continually extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, buthanol and water. The best solvent fraction was fractionated with column chromatography using silica gel 60 and n-hexane and ethyl acetate (4:6) as eluent. The fraction was evaluated in singlet oxygen quenching with the photooxidation of linoleic acid (0.03 M) reaction system inside an emultion system that contains 5,68 x 10-3 mM of eritrosin as sensitizer and the mixed reaction was lit by a fluorescent light (4000 lux) for 5 hours. The characteristic result of the isolated compound (F2) based on the UV-Vis analysis result there are two absorptopn band at 289 nm (band I) and 313 nm wavelength (band II) that indicate that the isolated compound belongs to the flavonoid group as a flavanon or a dihydroflavon type. The UV spectra of isolated compound with shifting reagent showed having a hydroxyl group located at the C-5 or C-7 atom. The infrared (IR) spectrophotometer analysis showed the wave number 3375 cm-1 (OH, phenol), 2920 cm-1 (CH), 1462 cm-1 (C=C aromatic), 1604 cm-1 (C=O) and 1031 cm-1 and 1167 cm-1 (C-O-C). The isolate (F2) has the singlet oxygen quenching activity (antiphotooxidation) on the photooxidation of linoleic acid that contain erythrosine as sensitizer.
DERAJAT KRISTALISASI SEBAGAI FUNGSI WAKTU AGEING DAN WAKTU KRISTALISASI PADA SINTESIS ZEOLIT A DENGAN RADIASI GELOMBANG MIKRO Wuntu, Audy D.; Tangkuman, Herling D.
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 1, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.1.1.2008.21

Abstract

A-type zeolite has wide application in the field of catalysis and adsorption in industry and daily use as well. This material in a kind of synthetic material and can be synthesized from various raw materials and using various method, one of which is conventional hydrothermal condition. The use of microwave is one of the methods that can reduce the time needed for A-type zeolite synthesis. In this research, the power of the microwave is set to 720 Watt with ageing time of 0 hour and period of synthesis is set at the range of 0 to 50 minutes. Characterization of the zeolite synthesized using microwave was performed using infra red spectroscopy and the result was compared to that synthesized at conventional hydrothermal condition. The results showed that conventional hydrothermal condition at 0 hour ageing time and 5 hours crystallization period gave zeolite more crystallized than that resulted using microwave. The period of zero to 50 minutes crystallization time at microwave did not result in crystallized zeolite.
NILAI GIZI, FITOKIMIA DAN KADAR TOTAL FENOL DARI BEBERAPA UMBI LOKAL SULAWESI TENGGARA Wahyuni, Sri; Indradewi, Fery
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.8.2.2015.13263

Abstract

This research conducted to explore nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidants concentration from tuber local foods of South East Sulawesi as functional food to maintain and develop health status for local society in South East Sulawesi. The local food was used in this study consist of Manga and Opha (Dioscorea alata Yam), Ghofa/Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), Tonea/Keladi (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). The total phenolic content in the extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method with equivalent tannic acid as a standard. The phytochemical screening was used to identify bioactive compounds in the tuber extracts. The result of this study showed that tubers local food had bioactive compounds such as alkaloid, tannin, and saponin. Nutrient tubers content are best found in the tubers, which has the highest protein content, glucose, and starch, but the lowest fat when compared to the three sample types other tubers. South East Sulawesi local tuber has a total concentration of phenol which is equivalent to the concentration of tannic acid as antioxidant standard. The highest concentration present in the chloroform extract contains alkaloids from bulbs Manga amounted to 259.5 ppm. While total phenol content is the lowest chloroform extract contains alkaloids from bulbs Opha of 20.5 ppm. This result is generally having the highest levels of total phenol content from water extract compared with the chloroform extract, except in Manga tubers.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi nilai gizi, senyawa bioaktif dan konsentrasi antioksidan dari makanan lokal umbi Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai makanan fungsional untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan status kesehatan bagi masyarakat lokal di Sulawesi Tenggara. Makanan lokal umbi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari Manga dan Opha (Dioscorea alata Yam), Ghofa/Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), Tonea/Keladi (talas (L.) Schott). Jumlah total fenol dalam ekstrak ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan asam tanat setara sebagai standar. Uji fitokimia digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif dalam ekstrak umbi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa makanan umbi lokal memiliki senyawa bioaktif seperti: alkaloid, tanin, dan zat saponin. kandungan gizi umbi yang terbaik ditemukan pada umbi Tonea yang memiliki kandungan protein, glukosa, dan pati tertinggi, tetapi lemak terendah jika dibandingkan dengan tiga jenis sampel umbi lainnya. Sultra umbi lokal memiliki Konsentrasi total fenol yang setara dengan konsentrasi asam tanat senyawa antioksidan sebagai standar, konsentrasi total fenol tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak kloroform yang mengandung alkaloid dari Manga sebesar 259,5 ppm. sementara kadar fenol total terendah terdapat pada ekstrak kloroform yang mengandung alkaloid dari Opha 20,5 ppm. Jenis umbi lokal Sultra yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini, umumnya memiliki konsentrasi total fenol tertinggi dari ekstrak air dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kloroform, kecuali pada umbi Manga.
BIOSORPSI Cr(III) PADA BIOSORBENT SERAT SABUT KELAPA HIJAU TERAKTIVASI ASAM NITRAT Sudiarta, I Wayan; Diantariani, Ni Putu; Yulihastuti, Dwi Ariani
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 5, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.5.1.2012.650

Abstract

Sudiarta dkk., 2012. Biosorpsi Cr(III) pada biosorbent serat sabut kelapa hijau teraktivasi asam nitrat. Telah dilakukan penelitian biosorpsi Cr(III) pada biosorben serat sabut kelapa hijau (cocos mucifera) teraktivasiasam nitrat. Penelitian ini meliputi penentuan rasio optimum asam nitrat:biosorben dalam aktivasi, penentuankeasaman permukaan biosorben teraktivasi asam nitrat, penentuan kondisi optimum biosorpsi Cr(III) padabiosorben teraktivasi asam yang meliputi pH optimum dan waktu kontak optimum, penentuan isoterm dankapasitas biosorpsi Cr(III) pada biosorben teraktivasi asam nitrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivasibiosorben optimum terjadi pada rasio mmol asam nitrat : gram biosorben = 5 : 1. Keasaman permukaanbiosorben teraktivasi asam nitrat adalah 9,94± 0,33 mmol/g dan biosorben tanpa aktivasi adalah 5,3 ± 0,01mmol/g. pH optimum biosorpsi Cr(III) pada masing-masing biosorben adalah 3 dan waktu kontak optimumbiosorpsi Cr(III) pada biosorben teraktivasi asam nitrat adalah 60 menit dan biosorben tanpa aktivasi adalah120 menit. Kapasitas biosorpsi Cr(III) pada biosorben teraktivasi asam nitrat dan tanpa aktivasi adalah 13,74mg/g dan 11,91 mg/g.Kata kunci : biosorpsi, serat sabut kelapa, aktivasi, Cr (III), kapasitas biosorpsiSudiarta et al., 2012. Chromium (III) biosorption on nitric acid-biosorbent activated green coco fibre. Studies on biosorption of Cr (III) on nitric acid-biosorbent activated of green coco fibre (Cocos mucifera) had been carried out. These studies included determination of the optimum ratio of nitric acid: biosorben inactivation, the determination of surface acidity of nitric acid-biosorbent activated, determination of the optimumconditions of biosorption Cr(III) on activated biosorbnet that includes the optimum pH and the optimum contacttime, determinatiion of the isotherm and capacity biosorpsi of Cr (III ) on nitric acid-biosorbent activated.Theresults show that the activation occurs at the optimum ratio of mmol nitric acid: gram biosorbent was 5: 1. Thesurface acidity of nitric acid-biosorbent activated was 9.94 ± 0.33 mmol / g and unactivated biosorbent was 5.3± 0.01 mmol / g. The optimum pH biosorption of Cr(III) on each biosorbent is 3 and the optimum contact timebiosorption of Cr(III) on nitric acid-biosorbent activated was 60 minutes and unactivated biosorbent was 120minutes. The capacity biosorption of Cr(III) on nitric acid-biosorbent activated and unactivated biosorbnet were13.74 mg/g and 11.91 mg/g.Keywords : biosorption, coconut fibre, activation, Cr(III), capacity biosoprtion
SENYAWA FLAVONOID YANG BERSIFAT ANTIBAKTERI DARI AKWAY (Drimys becariana.Gibbs) Parubak, Apriani Sulu
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 6, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.6.1.2013.2069

Abstract

Daun Akway (Drimys beccariana.Gibbs) merupakan tanaman khas yang sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkansebagai tanaman obat. Hal ini disebabkan karena komponen kimia yang terkandung dalam daun Akway sangatkuat antara lain alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, tannin, saponin dan fenolik menunjukkan positif lemahHasil yang diperoleh dari penentuan kadar senyawa aktif flavonoid 0,3680%. Hasil fraksinasi dari ekstrak etilasetat diperoleh 4 fraksi, fraksi 1 dan 2 positif mengandung flavonoid. Berdasarkan hasil UV-Vis maka dapatdisimpulkan bahwa daun Akway mengandung senyawa flavonoid golongan flavonon yang mempunyai gugusfungsi OH terikat, CH alifatik, C=O, C=C Aromatik, C-O dan C- H aromatik.Pengujian dari ekstrak etil asetatpada fraksi 1 dan 2 menunjukkan bahwa mempunyai potensi sebagai senyawa antibakteri. Dari uji aktivitasantibakteri mempunyai daya hambat sedang sampai kuat terhadap Escherecia Coli (bakteri gram negatif) danBacillus subtilis (bakteri gram positif). Daun Akway mempunyai senyawa yang bersifat bakteriostatik(menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri).Hydroxy Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) is a strategic chemicals as raw material for a good propellant binderMastery of production techniques HTPB effort is needed in national rocketry industry. HTPB is mainlydetermined by the characteristics of the polymer structure is formed, the degree of crystallinity, and the averagesmolecular weight. Thorough analysis of the components of the manufacturing process in order to manufactureHTPB which is required before selecting the best and most suitable proccess. Parameters used to select thepolymerization process is the ease of process, conversion results obtained, a structure that allows the set, theoperating conditions of the most inexpensive and easy, and availability of raw material components. Thus, thedesired polymer structure can be adapted to the conditions that must be applied. Based on the review, then theradical polymerization is the most interesting was applied. In addition to the polymer structure can be regulated,low-cost process conditions, and availability of raw materials in Indonesia is high.
KOMPOSISI KIMIA ASAM LEMAK PADA IKAN KAKAP MERAH (Lutjanus) Sanger, Winly Natalia; Pontoh, Julius; Momuat, Lidya I.
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 11, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.11.2.2018.27937

Abstract

ABSTRAKIkan laut merupakan salah satu sumber makanan yang kaya akan asam lemak tak-jenuh. Senyawa ini telah banyak dibuktikan memberikan efek positif bagi kesehatan. Asam lemak yang terkandung dalam ikan terdiri atas asam lemak jenuh (15-25%), asam lemak tak-jenuh tunggal (35-60%) dan asam lemak tak-jenuh majemuk (25-40%).Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui  kadar lemak dan komposisi asam-asam lemak pada daging ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus) yang diperoleh dari Pasar Bersehati Kota Manado, yang dianalisis menggunakan menggunakan metode kromatografi gas. Pengujian kadar lemak dilakukan menggunakan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan diperoleh kadar lemak 3,6%. Minyak ikan yang diperoleh diderivatisasi menggunakan metode transesterifikasi basa sebelum dianalisis pada kromatografi gas. Setelah dianalasis diperoleh ikan kakap memiliki komposisi asam lemak tak-jenuh sebesar 45,45%, asam lemak tak-jenuh tunggal sebesar 18,49% dan asam lemak tak-jenuh majemuk sebesar 36,06%. Dengan kandungan asam lemak tertinggi adalah asam palmitat sebesar 37,99%. ABSTRACTSea fish is a food source that is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. This compound has been widely proven to have a positive effect on health. The fatty acids contained in fish consist of saturated fatty acids (15-25%), monounsaturated fatty acids (35-60%) and compound unsaturated fatty acids (25-40%). Research has been conducted to determine the levels fat and composition of fatty acids in the red snapper (Lutjanus) meat obtained from the Manado City Bersehati Market, which were analyzed using a gas chromatography method. Fat content testing was carried out using maceration extraction method and obtained 3,6% fat content. Fish oil obtained was derivatized using base transesterification method before it was analyzed in gas chromatography. After analyzing the obtained snapper has a composition of unsaturated fatty acids of 45.45%, monounsaturated fatty acids of 18.49% and compound unsaturated fatty acids of 36.06%. With the highest fatty acid content, palmitic acid is 37.99%. 
ANTI-PHOTOOXIDATIVE EFFECT OF PHENOLIC EXTRACT FROM CLOVE PARASITE (Flower) IN SYSTEM MODEL Wehantouw, Frenly
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 1, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.1.2.2008.4958

Abstract

Clove parasite is a herbal plant commonly used in north sulawesi. Its traditionally used to cure many kindof disease, especially cancer. The objectives of this study was to determine antiphotooxidation activities ofclove parasite flower on linoleic acid 0,03 M under illuminate with 4000 lux fluoresence lamp for 5 hours.Analyses of antiphotooxidation activities based on Lee et al. (1997) method and analyses of rancidity oflinoleic acid was determine with AOCS 1990 methods. The addition of clove parasite flower extracts in thereaction mixture showed antiphotooxidation activities on linoleic acid 0,03 M. The mixture with extractshow lower peroxide value compare with control without extract after 5 hours light exposure at roomtemperature. Activities as antiphotooxidation of clove parasite extract may cause by phenolic compoundon this plant Keywords: clove parasite, linoleic acid, antiphotooxdation, peroxide value
KOMPOSISI PROKSIMAT DAN POTENSI ANTIOSKIDAN DARI BIJI JAGUNG MANADO KUNING (Zea mays L.) Landeng, Patrisia Jaklin; Suryanto, Edi
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 10, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.10.1.2017.27973

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari komposisi proksimat dan potensi antioksidan dari biji jagung Manado kuning. Tahap pendahuluan penelitian ini yaitu analisis proksimat. Kemudian biji jagung Manado kuning ini diektraksi menggunakan cara refluks selama dua jam dengan masing-masing pelarut etanol, etil asetat dan n-heksan. Pada tahap kedua yaitu ditentukan kandungan fenolik dan total karotenoid. Pada tahap ketiga penelitian ini yaitu pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan radikal bebas DPPH dengan spektrofotometer UV/Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada pengujian proksimat bahwa serbuk biji jagung Manado kuning  memenuhi syarat Standar Nasional Indonesia, tetapi berbeda dengan kadar abu. Kandungan total fenolik tertinggi pada ekstrak etanol diikuti ektrak etil asetat dan ekstrak n-heksan dengan hasil berturut-turut adalah 54,69 mg/kg; 51,83 mg/kg; dan 37,75 mg/kg. Pada pengujian aktivitas antioksidan sebagai penangkal radikal bebas DPPH diperoleh hasil ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak n-heksan.ABSTRACT This research aim was to study the proximate phenolic and antioxidant activity of Manado yellow corn kernels. The preliminary stage of this research was the proximate analysis. Then the Manado yellow corn kernels were extracted by using the reflux way for two hours determined the content of total phenolic, and carotenoids. In the third satge of this research was examined the antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical by UV/Vis. This results from this research showed that the seed powder of Manado yellow corn kernels at the proximate testing was qualified in Indonesia National Standard, but in contrast to the ash content.The highest total phenolic content of the extract ethanol followed by ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract with successive result 54.69 mg/kg; 51.83 mg/kg; and 37.75 mg/kg. In examining the antioxidant activity as an antidote to free radicals DPPH results obtain ethanol extract has antioxidant activity compared with extract ethyl acetate and n-hexane.
ELEKTRODA SELEKTIF ION (ESI) TETRABORAT TIPE KAWAT TERLAPIS BERBASIS ZEOLIT Rismiarti, Zuri; ., Atikah; Bisri, Chasan; Irnawati, Yuyun
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 8, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.8.1.2015.9397

Abstract

Telah dibuat dan dikarakterisasi elektro selektif ion (ESI) tetraborat tipe kawat terlapis berbasis zeolit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi optimum membran yaitu zeolit : PVC : karbon aktif : DOP (%berat) = 32,3 : 16,1 : 3,2 : 48,4, menghasilkan sifat Nernstian dengan harga faktor Nernst sebesar 29,30 ± 0,28 mV/dekade konsentrasi pada kisaran konsentrasi linier 1x10-5 - 1x10-1M, batas deteksi 3,24x10-6 M (0,619 ppm tetraborat), waktu respon 50 detik, dan memiliki usia pemakaian selama 64 hari. ESI tetraborat bekerja baik pada kisaran pH larutan 7-10 dan temperatur 20-60 0C.A plasticized PVC (polyvinyl chloride) membrane based coated wire tetraborate ion selective electrode has been developed by using zeolite. The results showed the optimum composition of the membrane was zeolite : PVC : activated carbon : DOP 32,3 : 16,1 : 3,2 : 48,4 (%weight). The electrode showed Nernstian response, Nernst factor 29.30 ± 0.28 mV/decade of concentration, with improved linear range of 1x10-5 - 1x10-1 M, with a comparatively lower detection limit of 3.24x10-6 M (0.619 ppm tetraborat), giving a relatively fast respons of 30 second and reasonable reproducibility. ISE’s performance worked well in pH range of 7-10 and temperature range of 20-60 0C. The lifetime of the electrode was found to be 64 days.
SATU SENYAWA STEROID DARI KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN PALIASA (Kleinhovia hospita L.) ASAL SULAWESI SELATAN Gaffar, Imran; Mamahit, Lexie P.
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 3, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.3.1.2010.70

Abstract

The study aims to isolate and identify the metabolite structure of Kleinhovia hospital L. To achieve the purpose,and extraction of bark with methanol was performed. This extract was partitioned into several organic solutions:n- hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. The partitioned were fractioned and purified by means of severalappropriate methods like liquid vacuum chromatography and pressure column chromatography, and meltingpoint determination. To determine the chemical structure of the isolate, a combination of several spectroscopicmethods, such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and advanced NMR technique (HMQC,HMBC and COSY). Result of this research shown that one major constituent was isolated from bark: b-sitosterol.

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