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U Karst
Published by Universitas Kadiri
ISSN : 25794620     EISSN : 25810855     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
U KaRsT is a journal of the civil engineering research the University of Kadiri published twice a year in April and November. First published in April 2017. U KaRsT already has both ISSN printed and online, for ISSN (Print) is 2579-4620, and ISSN (Online) is 2581-0855.
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Articles 264 Documents
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Comparative Analysis of Analytical and Numerical Methods on the Safety Factor of Retaining Walls Akbar, Aulia; Wibowo, Tommy Prasetyo; Wulandari, Tika Ermita
UKaRsT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v8i2.5966

Abstract

The stability of retaining walls is a major concern in geotechnical design, especially in landslide-prone areas such as Indonesia. A comprehensive analysis requires an in-depth understanding of the failure mechanism and the factors that influence its stability. Therefore, a comparison of various analytical and numerical methods in the stability of retaining walls is an important step to determine the most effective approach. The data were collected through laboratory tests and field investigations of soil properties. The retaining wall design was modeled using Plaxis and Midas software. The analysis focused on comparing the safety factor values obtained from the Rankine method with those derived from Plaxis and Midas simulations. The results show that Rankine provides a high safety factor, namely 2.54 for rotation and 2.447 for shear. Rankine, although simple, remains relevant for uniform soil conditions. Plaxis can provide more detailed deformation and pressure distribution predictions with a safety factor reaching 2.95 in the third excavation stage. Meanwhile, Midas provides a comprehensive analysis of axial force and bending moment with a safety factor value that tends to be smaller. This study provides new insights into how each method can be used effectively for different technical conditions, and provides practical guidelines for geotechnical planners in choosing the appropriate analysis method to improve the efficiency and safety of retaining wall design.
Optimization of Column Stirrup Selection (Square and Spiral) for Earthquake Resistance of 10-Storey Buildings Khairunnisa, Syahla; Amalia; Saputra, Jonathan
UKaRsT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v8i2.5968

Abstract

Earthquake-resistant building design is very important, especially in earthquake-prone areas such as Indonesia. The shape of the column cross-section and the ties' configuration greatly affect the building's stiffness when exposed to earthquake loads. Therefore, knowing the optimal tie configuration to increase earthquake resistance is important. This study aims to analyze the structural performance of a 10-story building using columns with spiral stirrups and square stirrups. Model 1 uses columns with square stirrups, Model 2 uses spiral stirrups, and Model 3 is a combination of both. Simulations were conducted using ETABS 18 software, where the base shear force, displacement, and inter-story drift as well as the collapse pattern and performance level of the structure were analyzed using the pushover analysis method to determine the effect of each configuration on the stiffness and ductility of the columns when receiving earthquake loads. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis was carried out to ensure that the differences in seismic performance between the three models were significantly validated. The results show that Model 2 has lower displacement and base shear force values and smaller inter-story drift than the other models, and the collapse pattern and structural performance level of Model 2 are also smaller than the other models. The ANOVA results showed no significant difference between the models. This is because the differences in displacement and drift values are relatively small. These findings can provide guidance for selecting the most efficient column tie configuration for resisting earthquake loads and achieving safety levels.
Non-Destructive Test and Numerical Approach for Tailrace Safety Evaluation of Ir. H. Djuanda Dam Damayanti, Vivik Arti; Mulyawati, Fauzia
UKaRsT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v8i2.6191

Abstract

Dam Ir. H. Djuanda is one of the important infrastructures in managing water resources in Indonesia, with strategic functions such as flood control, irrigation, hydroelectric power plants (PLTA), and raw water supply. The lower channel (tailrace) plays a crucial role in supporting the efficiency of the dam's hydraulic system. However, previous inspections revealed erosion and exposed aggregate in the tailrace concrete layer which could threaten the stability of the structure. This research aims to evaluate the condition of the tailrace structure of Dam Ir. H. Djuanda. An evaluation was carried out by integrating the NDT method using Schmidt Hammer and numerical simulation via Plaxis 2D software. The Schmidt Hammer test data gives an average concrete quality value of 37.47 MPa, while the Plaxis 2D simulation shows that the Cartesian stress ( ,  and ) on the structure is still within safe limits. The simulation results also show a safety factor value of 1.795, which meets the structural safety criteria. These findings indicate that the tailrace concrete was designed with a high safety factor, so that it can withstand hydrostatic loads and ground pressure even though it has been in operation for more than five decades. This research shows that the combination of NDT and numerical simulation is an effective method for evaluating structural conditions without damaging the material. This approach can be adopted to inspect and maintain similar infrastructure to ensure long-term operational stability and sustainability.
Flood Risk Analysis for the Construction of the Patimban Port Access Toll Road Abdullah Dwi Noviantoro, Agung; Mulyawati, Fauzia; Savitri Nurvita, Rully
UKaRsT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v8i2.6192

Abstract

In recent decades, the risk of flooding in the Cipunagara River area has increased due to global climate change causing more extreme rainfall patterns. The planned construction of the Patimban Port Access Toll Road has a strategic role in supporting national logistics connectivity. However, the geographical location of the planned toll road in the lowlands near the Cipunagara River poses a significant risk to the sustainability of the infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the risk of flooding in the Cipunagara River and its impact on the design of the toll road. Hydrological analysis was carried out using rainfall data from eight observation stations for the period 2012–2021. Analysis of frequency distribution, rainfall intensity and the Soil Conservation Services (SCS) Unit Hydrograph method was carried out to calculate peak flood discharge. Modeling was carried out using Surface Water Modeling System (SMS) software. The results of the study indicate that the Cipunagara River Basin (DAS) has high rainfall variability with the potential for extreme rainfall in large return periods. The peak discharge of the 100-year return period is 1003.582 m³/second, indicating the risk of extreme flooding because it exceeds the river capacity of 309.31 m³/second. The results of flood modeling show that the flood water level in the 100-year return period reaches +8,908 meters, which confirms the need for a minimum toll road infrastructure elevation of +9,908 meters to meet the vertical clearance standard. These findings provide a significant contribution to the planning of toll road infrastructure that is more resilient to flood risks, supports operational sustainability, and reduces potential economic losses.
Performance Evaluation of Freight Train Wooden Sleepers on the BH 77 Tegineneng Bridge Pamursari, Nurmagita; Arifin Bustam, Hadyan; Nadya Karunia, Meutia; Agneshia Putri, Ananda
UKaRsT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v8i2.6212

Abstract

Rail transport is very important in supporting human mobility and distribution of goods for heavy loads such as coal. The BH 77 Tegineneng Bridge in Sumatra is a critical infrastructure that supports coal transportation. In its structural components, wooden sleepers are used on this bridge. The wooden sleepers used must withstand dynamic, shock, lateral, and longitudinal loads. This is to ensure the stability and operational safety of the bridge. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wooden sleepers on the BH 77 Tegineneng Bridge. A case study approach was used with field data on axle loads, including static and dynamic loads, collected and analyzed to determine the load distribution and structural response. The results show that the dynamic load with a Dynamic Amplification Factor of 1.86, coupled with a shock load reaching 56,784 kN, exerts significant stress on the sleepers. The wooden sleepers effectively absorb dynamic forces, distribute the load evenly, and demonstrate resilience under repeated loading cycles, with a maximum bearing load of 189.28 kN. These findings emphasize the suitability of wood as a sleeper material due to its elasticity and damping properties, which offers a durable and efficient railway infrastructure. This study contributes to demonstrating the characteristics of wooden sleepers as a basis for material selection in freight railway systems.
Consistency of Compressive Strength in Concrete with 10% Rice Husk Ash Substitution Alfaridh Pasya, Salman; Bima Mahardana, Zendy; Mustofa, Imam; Iwan Candra, Agata
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i1.6583

Abstract

Using rice husk ash (RHA) in concrete technology represents a significant innovation in promoting sustainability. The pozzolanic properties of RHA enhance concrete quality through microstructural refinement while mitigating environmental impacts. However, replacing 10% of cement with RHA has inconsistent effects on compressive strength. Such variability may limit the broader application of RHA in structural concrete due to uncertainties in performance prediction, quality assurance, and design safety. While some studies report strength improvements, others note reductions often attributed to limited samples size, material inconsistencies, and variations in mixing or curing processes. This study aims to statistically validate the consistency of compressive strength in concrete with 10% RHA substitution by increasing the sample size and controlling key variables. Nine specimens per test condition were evaluated using a water-cement ratio of 0.53, submersion curing and ASTM C39 testing standards. Compressive strength assessment was conducted at 7 days. The result show a 7.54% increase in compressive strength, from 22.71 MPa to 24.42 MPa, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.26%, well below the 10% threshold. In contrast, earlier studies with smaller sample sizes reported CVs as high as 42.65%, indicating greater statistical variability. This improvement is attributed to the increased sample size, material quality control, and uniform mixing, which ensured homogeneous RHA distribution and optimized pozzolanic reactions. By applying a controlled-variable approach and increasing the sample size, this study addresses prior inconsistencies and reinforces the validity of RHA as a viable cement substitute in concrete.
Landslide Mechanisms in the Cisumdawu Toll Road through a Geoforensics Approach to Increase Slope Stability Mardjuni, Adhystira; Pramono Rahardjo, Paulus; Aldiamar, Fahmi
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v8i1.6587

Abstract

Landslides are a significant threat to infrastructure in tropical regions like Indonesia, especially in projects that cross volcanic slopes. A significant case occurred on the Cisumdawu Toll Road Section 2, triggered by high rainfall and water-saturated young volcanic soil. Given the complexity of such failures, comprehensive investigations are crucial. This study aims to analyze the causes and mechanisms of landslides in the Ciherang Village, specifically at STA 19 KM 65 using a geoforensics approach. This approach involves field investigations to collect geotechnical and geophysical data such as boring logs, SPT, pressure meters, inclinometers, and geoelectric resistivity testing. These were used to reconstruct subsurface conditions before failure. Numerical modeling was then performed with variations in groundwater level (GWL) and K₀ to simulate slope stability and identify failure triggers. The results show that landslides was translational, occurring in the transition zone between sandy silt (tuff) and weathered tuff breccia layers at depths of 30–35 meters, where differences in permeability made the zone vulnerable. The decrease in GWL significantly improved slope stability, increasing the safety factor to 1.435, while K₀ variation had a lesser impact. A combination of bored piles, ground anchors, soil nailing, and slope regrading effectively stabilized the slopes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms and causes of landslides so that mitigation strategies can be more targeted to increase slope stability.
Evaluation of Seawater Intrusion and Impact on Infrastructure in the Coastal Area of ​​North Surabaya Soebagio; Kathulistiani, Utari; Pahing, Johan; Datom, Konstantinus
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i1.6590

Abstract

Several wells of coastal residents at North Surabaya experienced changes in odor, taste, and color indicating seawater intrusion. This phenomenon can cause an increase in groundwater salinity, which impacts clean water quality, public health, and infrastructure resilience. Therefore, it is important to evaluate seawater intrusion in the area. This study aims to evaluate the level of seawater intrusion, determine the distribution pattern of intrusion, and identify high-risk zones for seawater intrusion and the level of infrastructure vulnerability to corrosion. The methods used include analysis of physical and chemical parameters of groundwater, intrusion assessment using the Revelle Index and Electrical Conductivity (EC), and mapping based on Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the distribution pattern of intrusion. The laboratory's well water sample testing showed an average EC score approaching 1500 μS/cm, and the R-value was far above 1. It meant that well water in North Surabaya has been facing seawater intrusion from medium to high levels. It also predicted the distance of seawater intrusion is about 2,5 km from the coastline and has the most significant risk of infrastructure degradation due to corrosion. Seawater intrusion in Surabaya is caused by geographical proximity to the sea, aquifers' hydrodynamic factors, and high groundwater exploitation. The results of this study contribute to providing a seawater intrusion risk map that can be a reference for the government and policymakers in developing mitigation strategies and groundwater management policies to reduce the impact of seawater intrusion.
Statistical Validation of 2% Lignosulfonate as a Sustainable Stabilizer for Expansive Clay Rivianto, Arif; Candra, Agata Iwan; Nursandah, Fauzie; Mustofa, Imam
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i1.6594

Abstract

Expansive clay soils undergo volumetric changes due to fluctuations in moisture content, which can cause structural damage to foundations, pavements, and embankments. Traditional stabilization methods, such as cement and lime, are effective but have a significant environmental impact, highlighting the need for more environmentally friendly alternatives. Lignosulfonate (LS), an organic stabilizer derived from industrial by-products, offers a more sustainable approach to improving soil strength and stability. This study evaluates the effect of 2% lignosulfonate on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of expansive clays. The research method involved mixing LS at 2% of the dry weight of the soil into the expansive clay (CL-ML) and conducting UCS tests on three untreated (control) samples and six treated samples. Statistical analysis was used to assess the significance of the differences between the two groups. Results show that the UCS increased from 236.29 kPa in the control group to 291.49 kPa in the treated group, reflecting a 23.37% improvement. Poisson's ratio decreased from 0.300 to 0.200, indicating reduced lateral deformation and enhanced soil stiffness, which improves the bearing capacity and stability of structures built on it. The UCS values ​​were observed to be consistent supported by low standard deviation. The study highlights the critical role of adequate sample replication and control over operational variables such as moisture content, compaction, and LS dispersion to ensure reliable and reproducible stabilization outcomes. This study strengthens the empirical basis for the application of LS as a sustainable and environmentally friendly stabilizer for expansive clays.
Optimization System Irrigation Using Linear Programs in the D.I. Delta Brantas Region Sidoarjo (Case Study: Dungus Intake) Nisa, Khoirotun; Azmi Dewi Nusantara, Danayanti
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i1.6628

Abstract

Global food security is facing challenges due to climate change and increasing water needs for agriculture. One area experiencing these problems is the Dungus intake irrigation area in Sidoarjo Regency, which faces water management due to land use changes and uncertainty of water availability. As a result, the efficiency of water distribution decreases, and agricultural productivity is disrupted, so efforts are needed to optimize the irrigation system. This study aims to optimize the irrigation system in the Dungus Intake Irrigation Area to increase the efficiency of water distribution. This effort is carried out by determining the optimal planting pattern and irrigation water allocation using the linear programming method. This method is applied by considering the mainstay discharge of the Dungus intake, crop irrigation needs, and economic benefits from various cropping pattern scenarios. The results show that the mainstay discharge ranges from 0,479–0,754 m³/sec with an allocation discharge of 2.604 m³/sec. The optimal alternative cropping pattern 3, with a land area of ​​1.890 ha, consisting of rice, corn, and shallots in three planting seasons, produces a maximum profit of Rp 242.087.200.000 per year. This study can develop an irrigation optimization model based on hydrology and economics that can improve the efficiency of water distribution. This irrigation optimization model provides a reference for irrigation managers and farmers in designing better water distribution strategies that can increase agricultural yields and economic profits through more appropriate water allocation and optimal land use.

Page 26 of 27 | Total Record : 264

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