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INDONESIA
Health Notions
Published by Humanistic Network for Science and Technology
ISSN : 25804936     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
"Health Notions" is a media for the publication of articles on research and review of the literature. We accept articles in the areas of health science and practice such as public health, medicine, pharmaceutical, environmental health, nursing, midwifery, nutrition, health technology, clinical laboratories, health education, and health popular.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 944 Documents
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Ensuring Replicability in Health Research: The Critical Role of Transparent and Systematic Methodological Reporting Nugroho, Heru Santoso Wahito
Health Notions Vol 10, No 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

The credibility of health research depends not only on the appropriateness of its methods but also on the clarity and completeness with which those methods are reported. Replicability is a fundamental principle of scientific inquiry, enabling independent verification, comparison of findings, and the accumulation of evidence. However, inadequate methodological reporting remains a common issue, with many studies lacking sufficient detail to allow replication. This editorial examines the concept of replicable methods in health research, emphasizing that a method is considered replicable when it is described clearly, systematically, and in sufficient detail to allow others to reproduce the procedures under similar conditions. The importance of replicability is discussed in relation to scientific validity, transparency, and its implications for clinical practice and public health decision-making. The paper also outlines practical strategies to enhance replicability, including sequential organization of methods, comprehensive description of study procedures, clear definition of variables and instruments, and transparent reporting of analytical approaches and study limitations. Authors are encouraged to adopt a deliberate and structured approach to methodological reporting, ensuring that their work can be independently evaluated and reproduced. Ultimately, improving the replicability of research methods strengthens the reliability, credibility, and impact of scientific evidence in healthcare.Keywords: replicability; health research methodology; methodological transparency; reproducibility; scientific rigor; reporting quality
The Relationship Between Screen Time Duration And Speech Delay In Children Aged 0-6 Years In Malang City Safira, Safira; Sanjaya, Ayling; Santoso, Anna Lewi
Health Notions Vol 10, No 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

Excessive screen time in early childhood can affect various aspects of development, including speech abilities. This study aims to determine the relationship between screen time duration and the occurrence of speech delay in children aged 0–6 years in Malang City. A case–control design was used with a total of 60 children, consisting of 30 children with speech delay and 30 children with normal speech development. Data were collected using a questionnaire measuring daily screen time duration and the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (KPSP) to assess developmental status. Statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between screen time duration and speech delay (p = 0.000). The findings indicate that children exposed to screen time for more than one hour per day have a higher risk of experiencing speech delay compared to those with limited exposure. These results highlight the important role of parents in supervising and limiting the use of digital media. By reducing screen time and increasing direct interaction, children’s speech and language development can be better supported. This study concludes that managing screen time is a crucial step in preventing speech delay in early childhood
Prayer Therapy for Improving Comfort Among Patients with Breast Cancer Suherni Suherni; Lilis Pujiati; Hasrima Hasrima; Dady Hidayah Damanik
Health Notions Vol 10, No 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/hn100502

Abstract

A diagnosis of breast cancer is a highly distressing experience for women and is frequently accompanied by physical, psychosocial, and spiritual challenges that may compromise quality of life. Increased spiritual needs often emerge during the disease trajectory, leading many patients to seek comfort through spiritual practices, particularly prayer. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of prayer therapy in improving comfort among patients with breast cancer. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 2010 and 2020 using the PICO framework. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including three randomized controlled trials, two qualitative studies, and one cross-sectional study. The findings consistently demonstrated that prayer therapy, as part of spiritual care interventions, was associated with improved spiritual and emotional well-being, reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms, enhanced quality of life, and increased patient comfort. In conclusion, prayer therapy represents an effective, feasible, and holistic nursing intervention that can enhance comfort among patients with breast cancer and strengthen the delivery of holistic nursing care. Keywords: prayer therapy; spirituality; breast cancer
Implementation of IPOS 4.0 for Entrepreneurship Learning for Environmental Sanitation Students Frida Hendrarinata; Triana Septianti Purwanto; Hery Koesmantoro
Health Notions Vol 10, No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/hn100102

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged educational institutions and student cooperatives to adopt integrated financial management systems to improve transparency, accuracy, and operational efficiency. However, many campus based cooperatives still rely on manual bookkeeping, which is prone to delays, inconsistencies, and limited financial analysis capacity. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing the IPOSPRO digital bookkeeping application at KOPMA Magetan Campus Environmental Sanitation, focusing on improvements in sales recording, inventory management, and profit–loss reporting. A participatory action research (PAR) design was employed, consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting stages. Data were collected through direct observation, documentation of manual and digital financial reports, and evaluation of student performance during system operation. The results show that the implementation of IPOSPRO significantly enhanced the accuracy and speed of transaction recording, enabling real time updates and reducing human error compared to manual methods. Inventory management became more transparent and synchronized, as stock levels were automatically updated with each transaction, minimizing discrepancies between physical and recorded stock. Profit and loss reporting also improved, with the system generating automated and more comprehensive financial summaries based on integrated sales, purchase, and stock data. Additionally, the use of IPOSPRO strengthened students’ digital literacy and practical entrepreneurial skills, although several challenges remained, including difficulties in stock synchronization, inconsistent data input, and limited understanding of digital financial reports. In conclusion, the IPOSPRO application improves transaction accuracy, stock transparency, and financial reporting while enhancing students’ digital literacy, although continuous training and technical support are still required. Keywords: digital bookkeeping, IPOSPRO, inventory management, financial reporting, student cooperative, digital literacy.
Consumption of Katuk Leaf–Fortified Catfish Nuggets Improves Breast Milk Production Nurul Pujiastuti; Nur Rahman; Sugeng Iwan Setyobudi
Health Notions Vol 10, No 6 (2026): June
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/hn100602

Abstract

Exclusive breastfeeding remains a global public health priority, yet many mothers experience insufficient breast milk production due to physiological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. Katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus) are traditionally recognized in Indonesia for their lactogenic properties, while catfish (Clarias batrachus) provides high‑quality protein and essential fatty acids that support maternal nutritional status. Integrating these ingredients into a functional food product may offer a practical dietary approach to enhance lactation. This study aimed to to describe changes in breast milk production among lactating mothers following the consumption of katuk leaf–fortified catfish nuggets over a two‑week period. A descriptive case study was conducted in Martopuro Village, Pasuruan Regency, during August 2025. Three purposively selected lactating mothers with infants aged 0–6 months consumed 100 g of fortified nuggets every two days for 14 days. Breast milk volume was measured using a standardized graduated pump container at baseline and post‑intervention. Maternal perceptions of lactation were assessed using a five‑item questionnaire adapted from validated lactation assessment tools. Data were analyzed descriptively to identify individual trends. All participants demonstrated an upward trend in breast milk production, reflected in increased expressed milk volume and improved maternal lactation perception scores. These findings align with the biological plausibility of katuk leaf phytochemicals; such as flavonoids, saponins, and phytosterols which may stimulate prolactin pathways and enhance mammary gland function. The nutritional contribution of catfish protein and essential fatty acids may further support milk synthesis. However, several confounding factors were identified, including high baseline hydration, increased breastfeeding frequency, and potential placebo effects, limiting the interpretability of the observed improvements. In conclusion, katuk leaf–fortified catfish nuggets show potential as an acceptable functional food to support lactation, but the descriptive nature of this study and its very small sample size preclude causal inference. Larger randomized controlled trials with standardized controls and confounder monitoring are required to validate the efficacy of this formulation.Keywords: katuk leaves; Sauropus androgynus; catfish; functional food; lactation; breast milk production
Clarifying the Conceptual Divide Between Descriptive Research and Qualitative Inquiry in Health Sciences Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho
Health Notions Vol 10, No 6 (2026): June
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/hn100601

Abstract

The persistent conflation between descriptive research and qualitative research remains a recurring methodological problem in health‑science publications, particularly in manuscripts submitted to Health Notions. This conceptual ambiguity undermines the rigor of study design and weakens the interpretive value of research findings. The objective of this editorial is to clarify the epistemological and methodological distinctions between descriptive research and qualitative inquiry, while illustrating their implications through examples drawn from public health and clinical practice. Using a conceptual‑analytic approach, this article examines the philosophical foundations, research logic, and practical applications of both approaches. The analysis shows that descriptive research, rooted in the quantitative paradigm, focuses on mapping the distribution of health variables; such as the prevalence of hypertension, maternal anemia, or tuberculosis treatment default without explaining the contextual or experiential dimensions underlying these patterns. In contrast, qualitative research seeks to interpret meaning, explore lived experiences, and uncover cultural, social, and behavioral factors that shape health phenomena, such as patients’ fears of medication, stigma surrounding tuberculosis, or cultural taboos influencing maternal nutrition. The findings emphasize that misunderstanding these distinctions leads to methodological misalignment, weak theoretical contribution, and incomplete evidence for policy and practice. The editorial concludes that descriptive and qualitative research are not interchangeable but complementary, and that methodological clarity is essential for producing robust, contextually grounded health evidence. Strengthening this conceptual distinction will enhance the quality of manuscripts submitted to Health Notions and support more effective health‑system decision‑making.Keywords: Keywords: descriptive research; qualitative research; methodology; health sciences; research approach
In-Silico Study Using Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) Method with Structure Activity Relation (SAR) Approach of Bioactive Compounds in Cocoa Beans Ni Luh Putu Eka Sudiwati; Ardi Panggayuh; Nia Lukita Ariani; Dyah Ika Krisnawati
Health Notions Vol 10, No 6 (2026): June
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries that cultivates the largest cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) plants in the world. The research on cocoa has received considerable attention, especially for its high flavonoid content as a potential antioxidant. The objective of the study was to identify the types of flavonoid compounds from cocoa beans originating from Kademangan Village, Blitar Regency, both fermented and unfermented, and the skin, and their potential as antioxidants in silico. Identification of compounds was carried out by qualitative phytochemical screening and continued with LCMS examination. The results showed that cocoa beans that were not fermented with n-hexane as a solvent contained alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenols, while those with methanol contained tannins, saponins, polyphenols, and vitamins C and E. Meanwhile, cocoa beans fermented with methanol contained tannins, polyphenols, and vitamins C and E. Through LCMS examination, epicatechin and anthocyanins were found with the highest levels found in unfermented cocoa beans. In silico studies showed that compounds in chocolate function as antioxidants and free radical scavengers where the active compounds were directly related to the expression of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) but not directly related to SOD protein levels. Thus, it is necessary to carry out further research with in vivo studies. Keywords: Catalase, Flavonoids, Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Theobroma cacao L
Analysis of Labor Complication Factors at Plaosan Community Health Center 2023-2025 Dianingtyas Febrianti
Health Notions Vol 10, No 8 (2026): August
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

Labor complications are conditions that hinder the normal progress of childbirth and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality for both mothers and infants. At Plaosan Community Health Center, the most common labor complications identified were premature rupture of membranes (PROM), preeclampsia, and prolonged first stage of labor. This study aimed to identify labor complications and determine the most influential factors associated with labor complications at Plaosan Community Health Center during 2023–2025.This study employed a quantitative analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of all mothers with labor complications recorded in the medical records of Plaosan Community Health Center from 2023 to 2025, totaling 97 respondents, selected using total sampling. The dependent variable was labor complications, while the independent variables included maternal age, parity, and occupation. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression with a significance level of α = 0.05.The results showed that most mothers experiencing labor complications were within the healthy reproductive age group, had primiparous parity, and were unemployed. Labor complications were predominantly found in the first stage of labor. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed p-values > 0.05, indicating that maternal age, parity, and occupation had no significant effect on the type of labor complications experienced. However, parity was identified as the dominant variable, although it did not show a statistically significant association.It can be concluded that maternal age, parity, and occupation did not significantly influence labor complications at Plaosan Community Health Center. Labor complications may be affected by other factors not examined in this study, such as nutritional status, obstetric history, and disease history. Therefore, early detection of risk factors and improvement of antenatal and intranatal care services remain essential to prevent labor complications.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL WEB-BASED COUNSELING IN IMPROVING THE BEHAVIOR OF PREGNANT WOMEN ABOUT HOW TO OVERCOME LABOR PAIN Nur Laili Fitria
Health Notions Vol 9, No 9 (2025): September
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Uterine contractions can cause increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and cause uncomfortable sensations during childbirth. The impact affects blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. However, there are still many pregnant women who cannot practice how to deal with labor pain. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of pregnant women regarding how to deal with labor pain towards counseling based on digital web media. This study used a pre-experimental approach with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The sample in this study were pregnant women in the third trimester, as many as 47 respondents were determined by a simple random sampling technique. data collection instruments used instruments. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that mothers with good knowledge increased by 34.1% after counseling, mothers with a positive attitude increased by 12.7% after counseling and good actions increased by 12.8%. The results of the analysis showed that there was an influence of counseling through web media on knowledge (p=0.000), attitudes (p=0.000), and actions (p=0.000) of pregnant women on how to deal with labor pain. The conclusion is the influence of counseling through web media on the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of pregnant women about how to deal with labor pain. The results of this study are expected to increase mothers' knowledge about how to deal with labor pain.
Association Between Nutritional Status and the Incidence of Hypertension Among Grade X Students at SMAN 2 Magetan in 2025 Iena Shopieana Putri Al Azhari
Health Notions Vol 10, No 7 (2026): July
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

Hypertension among adolescents is an increasingly prevalent public health concern. 2025 Free Health Check-Up Program data in Magetan Regency showed 13.4% of senior high school students pre-hypertensive, 7.0% with Stage 1, and 1.6% with Stage 2 hypertension; at SMAN 2 Magetan, prevalence reached 28.7%, 13.1%, and 2.2%. Nutritional problems were also common, with 29.3% undernourished, 8.9% overweight, and 3.5% obese. This study aimed to analyze the association between nutritional status and hypertension incidence among Grade X students at SMAN 2 Magetan in 2025. An observational analytic, cross-sectional design was used; from 313 Grade X students, 176 were selected via simple random sampling. Nutritional status (BMI, WHO 2007) was the independent variable; hypertension incidence (AAP 2017 criteria) was the dependent variable, using secondary data from the 2025 FHC Program, analyzed with the Spearman Rank Correlation test (α = 0.05). Most students had normal nutritional status (54.55%) and normal blood pressure (43.75%). The Spearman test yielded r = 0.158, p = 0.037 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant, very weak positive correlation between nutritional status and hypertension incidence. These findings support targeted health promotion to prevent early-onset hypertension and its long-term complications in adolescents.

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