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INDONESIA
Health Notions
Published by Humanistic Network for Science and Technology
ISSN : 25804936     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
"Health Notions" is a media for the publication of articles on research and review of the literature. We accept articles in the areas of health science and practice such as public health, medicine, pharmaceutical, environmental health, nursing, midwifery, nutrition, health technology, clinical laboratories, health education, and health popular.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 921 Documents
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Tempeh's Probiotic Bacteria Content can Boost Its Value as a Functional Food in the COVID-19 Era Dewi Peti Virgianti; Rochmanah Suhartati
Health Notions Vol 7, No 4 (2023): April
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/hn70403

Abstract

The The COVID-19 era is far from over, especially with the emergence of new virus variants. Efforts to develop vaccines and treatments have been made, but various prevention strategies must still be developed in order to combat this pandemic. Probiotics are cultures of one type or a mixture of live bacteria that help to maintain the balance of the gut microbiota, which is important for the host's health. Various studies have presented evidence that probiotics have the ability to boost human immunity. Tempe is a fermented Indonesian food, some contain probiotics. Probiotic bacteria found in tempe include Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus mucosae, Lactobacillus paralimentarius, Lactobacillus zeae, Lactococcus sp, Weisella confusa, Weissella paramesenteroides, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus. In this study, we present the potential of probiotic bacteria origin tempeh that have been shown to improve host health, particularly in terms of increasing immunity, preventing respiratory infections, and lowering risk factors for comorbidities. The data presented is expected to provide an overview of the potential consumption of tempeh as a functional food, particularly in this era of the COVID-19, so that awareness of the benefits of this beneficial food grows. Keywords: fermentation; health; bacteria
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMBINATION OF NATURAL AND MUROTTAL MUSIC IN PREVENTING DEPRESSION IN THE ELDERLY Rahayu Sumaningsih
Health Notions Vol 7, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

The elderly are an elderly group who are prone to depression, due to their lack of ability to adapt to changes in themselves due to physical, mental and social setbacks. This study explains the effect of a combination of natural and murotal music on preventing depression in the elderly. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with the intervention and control groups, the intervention group was given a combination of natural and murotal music therapy for 30 minutes and lasted for 3 consecutive days the instrument used the Geriantri Depression Scale (GDS), Finding the mean before and after after intervention then compared with control with t test statistic. The most age characters based on age 60 to 69 years (52.5 %), the results of the Intervention group's Depression Level of Mean Pre and Post there was a decrease of 13.4. value v (value) p = 0.000 <0.05. While the control group there is a decrease in the value of v (value) p = 0.002 <0.05. At the level of depression based on stage at pre normal 0, mild depression 5, moderate depression 12, major depression 3. Post intervention became normal 4, mild depression 13, moderate depression 2 and severe depression 1. While the control group was normal 0, mild depression 2, moderate depression 15, major depression 3 to normal 1, mild depression 8, moderate depression 9 and severe depression 2. Classical and Murotal music combinations were more effective in reducing depression levels in the elderly pre-intervention compared to post-intervention. In the control group there was a decrease in depression levels, although it was not significant . There was a two-level lower reduction in depression rates in the intervention group compared to the control group.  Keywords: Natural music, Murotal, Old Age
CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MALARIA INCIDENCE IN SOWEK HEALTH CENTRE WORKING AREA, SUPIORI DISTRICT Regina Iriani Caroline De Rosario Renyaan
Health Notions Vol 7, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

Malaria is still a health problem in Indonesia, where Papua is the highest contributor to malaria cases yearly. One of the areas contributing to malaria cases comes from Supiori Regency, with one of its working areas being the Sowek Health Centre. However, in recent years, it has been suppressed; in 2022, there was a 5-fold increase in cases compared to the previous year. The increase in malaria cases is inseparable from physical environmental factors and supported by a chemical environment that supports the breeding Anopheles mosquitoes. The method used was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 70 people. The results showed that two variables were risk factors for malaria incidence, namely the condition of the walls of the house (p-value=0.009; OR=2.571 (95%CI=1.159-5.705)) and the condition of the ceiling (p-value=0.042; OR=1.673 (95%CI=1.034-3.358)) while for the chemical environment, the pH was in the range of 4.4-8.4 with a salinity level of 0.00/00 -150/00. Because of the potential of physical and chemical environmental factors, it is necessary for environmental control efforts to be carried out in order to optimize the prevention efforts that the Sowek Health Centre has carried out.
The Relationship Between Lifestyle and The Incidence Of Hypertension in Adolescents in Paccerakang Health Centres and Sudiang Health Centres In 2023 Tereja Oktaviana Lim
Health Notions Vol 7, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease. Hypertension is not only suffered by adults and the elderly; adolescents can also suffer from hypertension. Hypertension in adolescents can increase the risk of health problems in the future. This study aimed to determine the relationship between lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension in adolescents using a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were all residents living in the Paccerakkang Public Health Centres and The Sudiang Public Health Centres working areas. The sampling technique was a simple random sampling technique to get a research sample of 81 adolescents. The Chi-Square test results show a relationship between sleep patterns and physical activity and the incidence of hypertension in adolescents. In contrast, stress status does not have a significant relationship with the incidence of hypertension in adolescents.Keywords: Hypertension, Adolescents, Sleep Pattern, Stress Status, Physical Activity.
A Cross-Sectional Geospatial Study on Families at Risk of Stunting in West Java Cahyani, Restu Adya; Hastono, Sutanto Priyo
Health Notions Vol 9, No 5 (2025): May
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/hn90502

Abstract

Stunting affects the physical, cognitive, and overall health development of children under five, potentially hindering long-term economic growth. In West Java, stunting prevalence reached 21.7% in 2023, exceeding the WHO standard (<20%) and falling short of Indonesia’s target of 14%. This study aimed to develop a geospatial model to identify at-risk families and support targeted interventions, implemented by the Family Assistance Team (TPK). A cross-sectional research design using Quantum GIS with a scoring technique was employed. Data sources included the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI), the 2023 Ministry of Population and Family Development (BKKBN) data, and the BKKBN Family Information System. The study covered 27 districts/cities in West Java. Results showed high risk in 2 cities, with high stunting prevalence and low TPK assistance; moderate risk in 14 districts/cities with moderate stunting levels and varying TPK support; and low risk in 11 districts/cities with lower stunting prevalence and higher TPK coverage. The geospatial approach effectively mapped at-risk families and prioritized interventions, enhancing TPK effectiveness. This method supported evidence-based planning and cross-sector collaboration. The study concluded that geospatial analysis is a strategic tool for guiding targeted stunting interventions and optimizing resource allocation in West Java. 
Tips for Writing an Effective Policy Brief for Health Programs Nugroho, Heru Santoso Wahito; Sunarto, Sunarto; Suparji, Suparji; Rusdianti, Alfi
Health Notions Vol 9, No 5 (2025): May
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

Policy briefs are essential tools for communicating evidence-based recommendations in the field of public health. Given the complexity of health data and the sector’s broad societal impact, the ability to write clear, concise, and actionable policy briefs is vital. This paper outlines five fundamental components for producing high-quality health policy briefs: identifying target objectives and audiences, constructing coherent and succinct structures, using plain language with a focus on public impact, incorporating strong evidence and credible data sources, and applying accessible design principles. Emphasizing clarity and brevity, the paper highlights how policy briefs can bridge the gap between research and decision-making, ultimately contributing to more effective and responsive health policies. Keywords: policy brief; health sector; evidence-based recommendations
Neonatal Jaundice History as a Risk Factor for Speech Delay in Children Aged 0–6 Years Sanjaya, Ayling; Prasetyo, Mohammad Yudhi; Santoso, Anna Lewi
Health Notions Vol 9, No 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/hn90802

Abstract

Untreated neonatal jaundice can result in neurological complications, including speech delay. This study aimed to analyze the association between a history of neonatal jaundice and speech delay in children aged 0–6 years at a Private Clinic in Malang. This research applied a case-control design with a total sample of 60 children, including 30 children with speech delay and 30 children with normal speech development. Jaundice history data were collected through parent questionnaires, while speech development was assessed using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed no statistically significant relationship between neonatal jaundice and speech delay (p = 0.103). However, the Odds Ratio of 2.875 indicated that children with a history of neonatal jaundice were at a higher risk of experiencing speech delay. In conclusion, although no statistically significant association was found, a history of neonatal jaundice may serve as a risk factor for speech delay in children aged 0–6 years. Therefore, early developmental monitoring is strongly recommended for children with such a history. Keywords: bilirubin; early childhood; neonatal jaundice; speech delay
Ensuring Validity in Health Research: The Critical Role of Methodological Reporting in Minimizing Bias Nugroho, Heru Santoso Wahito
Health Notions Vol 10, No 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

The validity of health research is shaped not only by the appropriateness of its design, but also by how carefully potential sources of bias are identified, minimized, and transparently reported. Bias—defined as a systematic error that distorts the estimation of relationships or effects—can emerge at any stage of the research process, including sampling, measurement, and data analysis. When the efforts to control bias are insufficiently described, readers are left with uncertainty regarding the credibility and reliability of the findings. This editorial emphasizes the importance of writing research methods that clearly and convincingly demonstrate strategies to minimize bias. A method can be considered methodologically sound when it not only applies appropriate techniques but also explicitly communicates how potential biases were anticipated and addressed. This paper discusses the main types of bias that commonly affect health research, explains why minimizing bias is essential for scientific validity and evidence-based decision-making, and outlines practical strategies for presenting bias-control efforts in a structured and transparent manner. Authors are encouraged to adopt a deliberate and systematic approach when reporting their methods, ensuring that readers can critically appraise the extent to which bias has been minimized. Ultimately, transparent reporting of bias-reduction strategies enhances the trustworthiness, interpretability, and overall impact of research evidence in healthcare.Keywords: bias minimization; health research methodology; internal validity; methodological transparency; scientific rigor; reporting quality
The Role of Maternal Clean and healthy living behavior in Preventing Stunting Among Toddlers Widyaningsih, Tri Sakti; Wulandari, Novita Kurnia; Kanita, Maria Wisnu
Health Notions Vol 10, No 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/hn100302

Abstract

The causes of growth retardation are multifactorial and include family factors, maternal health, and nutritional status. Maternal knowledge of nutrition, childcare practices, and educational level are key determinants of child development. Poor maternal health and nutritional status increase the risk of developmental delays in children. Chronic malnutrition may lead to stunting, which can negatively affect long-term child development. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal clean and healthy living behavior and the incidence of stunting among toddlers in Banyuanyar Village. This study employed a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 56 mothers with toddlers, and total sampling was applied. Maternal clean and healthy living behavior was assessed using a questionnaire developed by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Stunting was measured using anthropometric observations based on height-for-age (H/A) indicators. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The Chi-square analysis yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating a statistically significant relationship between maternal clean and healthy living behavior and stunting among toddlers in Banyuanyar Village. In conclusion, maternal clean and healthy living behavior is an important factor in supporting toddler health and preventing stunting. Consistent implementation of hygiene, sanitation, and proper childcare practices can help reduce the risk of growth disorders. Strengthening clean and healthy living behavior through continuous education and community-based interventions is essential to promote optimal child growth and development.Keywords: maternal; clean and healthy living behavior; stunting; toddler
Methodological Rigor in Health Research: Ensuring the Best Approach to Address Clinical and Public Health Objectives Nugroho, Heru Santoso Wahito
Health Notions Vol 10, No 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

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Abstract

In health research, the credibility and clinical relevance of scientific evidence are fundamentally determined by how well research methods are designed, justified, and reported. The methods section serves as the critical link between research objectives and the evidence generated to address them. However, misalignment between objectives and methodological approaches remains a common concern, often resulting in biased findings, limited applicability, and compromised decision-making in clinical and public health contexts. This editorial emphasizes that methodological rigor must be understood primarily as the alignment between research objectives and the chosen methods. The “best” method is not necessarily the most advanced, but the one most appropriate for answering a clearly defined clinical or public health question. Through conceptual discussion and illustrative examples across qualitative, experimental, and observational research, this paper highlights how inappropriate methodological choices can undermine validity, distort interpretations, and weaken the applicability of findings. The editorial further outlines a systematic approach to achieving alignment, beginning with the precise formulation of research objectives and followed by the careful selection and justification of study design, population, data collection procedures, and analytical strategies. Transparency in reporting and adherence to ethical standards are emphasized as essential components in demonstrating this alignment and ensuring reproducibility. As a key message to authors, this paper underscores that methodological decisions must not be driven by convention or convenience, but by their capacity to directly and reliably answer the research question. Failure to ensure such alignment risks producing evidence that is not fit for purpose, with potential implications for patient care and health policy. Conversely, a well-aligned and transparently reported methodological framework strengthens the validity, credibility, and impact of research, thereby supporting evidence-based healthcare and improved health outcomes.Keywords: health research; methodological rigor; research objectives; study design; clinical validity; transparency; reproducibility

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