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INDONESIA
JURNAL KONVERSI
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Konversi Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta adalah jurnal nasional berbasis penelitian ilmiah, secara rutin diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 137 Documents
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OPTIMASI TEKANAN DAN RASIO REFLUKS PADA DISTILASI FRAKSINASI VAKUM TERHADAP MUTU EUGENOL DARI MINYAK DAUN CENGKEH (Eugenia caryophyllata) Mariam Malahayati; Rahmawati Rahmawati
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.3.2.%p

Abstract

Eugenol merupakan komponen utama minyak daun cengkeh dan memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kemurniannya. Untuk mendapatkan eugenol dengan tingkat kemurnian tinggi dan memenuhi standar United States Pharmacopeia / USP (2010) yaitu minimal 99,5%, maka pada penelitian ini dipelajari tekanan dan rasio refluks pada distilasi fraksinasi vakum minyak daun cengkeh. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan variabel tekanan (4, 6, 10 mmHg) dan rasio refluks (10/5, 20/4, 40/4). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tekanan mempengaruhi kemurnian, rendemen, bobot jenis, indeks bias, dan putaran optik eugenol secara nyata (α = 0,01). Tekanan distilasi fraksinasi vakum terbaik adalah 10 mmHg dengan rasio refluks 20/4 dan menghasilkan eugenol beraroma khas cengkeh dan tidak berwarna dengan kemurnian 99,65% (sesuai standar USP), rendemen 64,61%, bobot jenis 1,0656, indeks bias 1,5407, putaran optik -0,10, kelarutan eugenol dalam etanol 70% sebesar 1:1.  Kata kunci: eugenol, tekanan, rasio refluks, distilasi fraksinasi
PEMBUATAN BIOETHANOL DARI LIMBAH AMPAS PATI AREN DENGAN METODE HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS MENGGUNAKAN ENZIM LIGNINOLITIK DARI JAMUR PELAPUK PUTIH Dwi Dayatmo; Hartini Hadi Santoso
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.4.2.43-52

Abstract

Proses pembuatan bioethanol dari lignosellulose  terdiri dari 3 tahap,  yaitu tahap pendahuluan, tahap hidrolisa, dan  tahap fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum dari penambahan kadar katalis pada tahap perlakuan pendahuluan terhadap kemampuan pendegradasian lignin dan jumlah enzim ligninolitik jamur pelapuk putih pada tahap hidrolisa terhadap kadar gula reduksi. Dalam pembuatan bioetanol ini menggunakan variabel bebas meliputi kadar asam yang ditambahkan sebesar 10% b/b 20% b/b dan 30% b/b pada tahap perlakuan pendahuluan dan jumlah enzim ligninolitik jamur pelapuk putih sebanyak 20% b/b, 30% b/b dan 40%b/b pada tahap hidrolisis. Pada tahap perlakuan pendahuluan, ampas aren yang sudah dikeringkan pada suhu 100oC digrinding dan dianyak dengan mesh 100, kemudian didegradasi dengan penambahan H2SO4 (10% b/b 20% b/b dan 30% b/b) dan diautoklaf pada suhu 121oC selama 30 menit. Lalu campuran dinetralkan menggunakan aquadest dan dilanjutkan ke tahap hidrolisa dengan penambahan enzim ligninolitik jamur pelapuk putih (20% b/b, 30% b/b dan 40%b/b) dan didiamkan selama 2 jam yang bertujuan untuk merombak polisakarida menjadi monosakarida. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kadar asam yang berbeda menyebabkan penurunan jumlah lignin yang berbeda dan penambahan jumlah enzim yang berbeda juga memberikan kadar gula reduksi yang berbeda pula.Kata kunci : Bioethanol, lignosellulose, limbah pati aren
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN Cr(OH)3 DAN Fe(OH)2 DALAM PEWARNA GLASIR TERHADAP MODULUS PATAH DAN DAYA SERAP BAHAN Syarifah Aini; Noni Retno Afrianti
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.7.1.8

Abstract

Heavy metal waste is B3 waste that has hazardous and environmentally damaging effect, such as electroplating industry waste which produces Cr(OH)3 and Fe(OH)2 wastes. The purpose of this research is to use the waste as a mixture of glaze and to know how much the effect of Cr(OH)3 and Fe(OH)2 addition in glaze dye to the fracture modulus and the absorption capacity of the material. The materials were mashed and sieved with a size of 200 mesh, then the three materials were mixed with homogeneous which have 15% leucite, 15% lime, 70% borax composition, then suspended with water until homogeneous. Afterward, added Fe(OH)2 (comparison mix of dye as much as 3%-7% weight of glaze). The experiment was repeated by adding Cr(OH)3, then a mixture of Fe(OH)2 and Cr(OH)3. The suspension result is poured onto the test tile and be spread evenly, then inserted into the muffle, heated to 900oC for 2 hours and cooled. After that, analyzed the fracture modulus and absorption capacity of the test tile. The result of this study; first, the addition of 6% Fe(OH)2 optimize the brown color. Second, the addition of 7% Cr(OH)3 optimize the green color. Last, the addition of 3% mixture of Fe(OH)2 and Cr(OH)3 optimize yellowish green color. From the research data it can be concluded that the more metal oxides are added, the greater the fracture modulus, and the smaller the absorption.
PENGARUH WAKTU EKSTRAKSI DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN DAYA HAMBAT BAKTERI Escherichia coli UNTUK PEMBUATAN HAND SANITIZER Susanty Susanty; Sri Anastasia Yudhistirani
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.7.1.10

Abstract

Binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) contains active compounds such alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins as antibiotic materials that can be used in the manufacture of antiseptic gel hand sanitizers. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of extraction time of binahong leaf to the capability of growth of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) bacteria. Variable times of exstractions are 0,5; 1; 1.5; 2; and 2.5 hours. Phytochemical qualitative test was conducted to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins in the binahong leaf extract. Furthermore, dilution of the results of rendement of binahong leaf extract respectively by 5% to test its inhibitory power to the growth of E. coli bacteria. The results showed that the yield of rendemen obtained by extraction time variable was 1.64%; 3.72%; 5.56%; 13.74%; and 13.98% are shown through the equation y = 3.47 x - 2.682 with the value R2 = 0.9049. Data from all five samples showed that samples with extraction time of 0.5; 1; and 1.5 hours had no inhibitory effect on E. coli bacteria growth, but samples with 2 and 2.5 hours extraction time had a resistance diameter of 14.5 and 18.5 mm. The sample which has the greatest inhibitory is subsequently used to make the hand sanitizer antiseptic gel. The product test analysis consists of organoleptic test and pH value determination, homogeneity, dispersion and viscosity. The results showed that the pH value obtained was 6.23, the homogeneity of the product can be seen from the absence of material that still agglomerates, the dissolving power of the research product is 5.5 cm, and the viscosity of the research result is 2080 mPs.
MENGUJI PENGARUH PARAMETER GEOKIMIA BATUBARA FORMULA PARKASH 1983 DALAM MEMPENGARUHI PENINGKATAN KONVERSI HASIL PENCAIRAN Harli Talla
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.7.1.6

Abstract

This research aims to test the parameters of coal geochemical such as virinite+liptinite, volatile matter and sulfur content used by Parkash (1983) to calculate the liquid potential of a coal sample and compare with laboratory scale conversion. Coal liquefaction in laboratory was carried out on the autoclave 5 liter, temperature is 425ºC and holding time is 60 minutes. the calculation of the conversion with Parkash formula (1983) reached 63.25% and laboratory conversion of 66,45 % (conversion without catalyst), the difference is 3,2 %. These results indicate that liquid conversion is influenced by vitrinite + liptinite macerals, volatile matter and sulfur content on the low rank coal liquefaction.
EVALUASI PENGARUH KADAR Na2O DAN K2O TERHADAP KUALITAS BUBBLE PADA KACA SODA LIME SILICA Risqi Kurniawan
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.7.1.8

Abstract

Tight competition in soda lime silica glass industry cause quality improvement become very important, bubble in flat glass is one of quality parameter which have to improve. So it’s need effort to improve bubble quality in glass. One of influence factor for bubble quality is R2O content in glass, where R2O is sum of N2O and K2O. This research perform in flat glass manufacture type soda lime silica glass with capacity 500 t/d. in this research adjust R2O content from 13.5% to 13.8%, by this adjustment bottom dog house suhu became increase from about 1100 oC to 1120 oC, and also glass viscosity which represent by log y-2 changed from 1460 oC down became 1445 oC. From these two parameter, bubble count became increase from 400 pcs/hour to 1700 pcs/hour, these things are caused by decrement of glass viscosity, forward current of molten glass became faster, so bubble can’t be removed by fining or refining and carried to forming process and finally became defect in glass.      
PENGARUH PEMURNIAN DEGUMMING DAN NETRALISASI TERHADAP PROFIL MINYAK BIJI LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata D.) Hartati Soetjipto; Apriyanti Tindage; Margareta Novian Cahyanti
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.7.1.8

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study were to obtain of pumpkin (C. moschata D.) seed oil yield using hexane soxhlet extraction method and the effect of purification on the profile of pumpkin seed oil fatty acids. The results of the study showed that the yield of pumpkin seed crude oil was 37,98% (b/b), whereas the optimum rendement after purification was 76,27% (w/w) by using 0,15% H3PO4. The GC-MS analysis of pumpkin seed oil showed the presence of three same main components of pumpkin seed oil before and after purification which are: linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, respectively. The content of pumpkin seed oil before purification are as follows: 57,96% of linoleic acid, 24,63% of palmitic acid, dan 6,82% of stearic acid, respectively. In the contrary, the content of pumpkin seed oil after purification are as follows: 48,21% of linoleic acid, 20,70% of palmitic acid, dan 5,27% stearic acid, respectively. The purification processes do not affect on the main components of pumpkin seed oil, but determine the difference percentages of pumpkin seed oil main components.
KARBON MESOPORI DARI PIROLISIS POLIMER SINTETIS DAN APLIKASINYA UNTUK PENJERAPAN GAS RUMAH KACA Achmad Amrizal Fauzi; Imam Prasetyo; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Teguh Ariyanto
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.7.1.10

Abstract

Pore structures are needed to be tuned depending on utilizations of carbons, hence obtaining high application performances. In this work, mesoporous carbon was synthesized by pyrolysis of polymeric resin of resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde-ethylene glycol (RPFEG) and employed to adsorb a greenhouse gas of CO2. Carbons were produced at 650-775 oC pyrolysis temperatures. Pore structure was studied by N2-sorption analysis. The results showed that a high quality of carbon results, proven by high specific surface areas and pore volumes in the range of 1000-1300 m2/g and 0,6-1,4 cm3/g, respectively. Mesoporous carbon (>80% mesopores) was obtained when employing pyrolysis temperature of 750 oC. Isotherm curves showed that adsorption at lower temperature is appropriate to obtain a high adsorption capacity. Capillary condensation assisted to obtain high adsorption volume of CO2 up to 30 mmol/g at 25 °C and 30 bar pressure.
EVALUASI ALAT PENUKAR KALOR (COOLER) DI HIGH VACUUM UNIT (HVU) III (STUDI KASUS DI KILANG XYZ) Sarah Dampang
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.7.1.6

Abstract

HVU III is designed to process reduced crude oil from CDU V or reduced crude from export oil existing tanks. HVU III is one unit that aims to lift light fractions that may still be contained in reduced crude. The vacuum condition is designed to attract mild fractions at relatively low temperatures. With the effort to take the product slop wax as HVGO, indeed the operating condition is changing and there is addition of equipment (Pump and HE) and modification of piping. Therefore in this study about design HE (Cooler) with slop wax product as HVGO which will be cooled from temperature 298oC to 70oC with flow rate 40 m3 / hr. And as a cooling medium used Sea Water (sea water) from temperature 30oC to 38oC. Pressure slop wax 20 kg / cm2 and sea water 4 kg / cm2. The calculation results for cooling the wax slop requires a Cooler of 6 (six) units with a seawater requirement of about 709187.39 lb / hr, and heat transferred in a fouled state of 0.0029 hr ft2 F / btu. Pressure drop for slop wax equal to 7.08 psi while sea water equal to 39.33 psi. Under these conditions it is expected that the addition of equipment in this case Cooler can be done as an effort to take the product of slop wax as HVGO.
PENGARUH HIDROTERMAL SEKAM PADI TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOMETANA PADA AGS – SBR Muhammad Reza Huseini; Nur Afifah; Wiwit Ayuningtyas Pratiwi
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (798.602 KB) | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.7.2.8

Abstract

The quantity of waste water from domestic and industrial activities has increased significantly over the year, equivalent with increasing production of sewage sludge (schmid, 2000). Sewage Sludge high contents of organic and derivatives (Ammonia Nitrogen (NH4+), Nitrate, Nitrite) and also levels of COD and BOD that exceed the quality standard. Anaerobic Granular Sludge – Sequence Batch Reactor (AGS-SBR) is a kind of Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) which combine the biological treatment, aeration and sedimentation process into one reactor. AGS-SBR is able to reduce organic pollutants, COD and BOD above 60%. In cycle process of AGS-SBR is also able to optimize methanogenesis process in the growth of microorganisms to convert biomass (sewage sludge) became biomethane. Hydrothermal of rice husk is able to produce substrate that serves as a growth medium for microorganisms. The addition of rice husk (SP) and hydrothermal rice husks (SPT) can inffluence the biomethane production from sewage sludge with variation of hydrothermal temperature of rice husk 110oC and 175oC. The results of this study obtained the average of biomethane production is 0,0458 with the highest content is 0,219 on SPT 110 and the average of biomethane production on SPT 175 is 0,0483 with the highest content is 0,223

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