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INDONESIA
AGREGAT
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
ISSN : 25412884     EISSN : 25410318     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
AGREGAT is a journal of Department of Civil Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya. The journal will be published in every May and November yearly. The journal consists of result of research, literature review, and case reports created as realization of Tridharma college.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 256 Documents
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Analisis Daya Dukung Tanah dengan Plate Loading Test untuk Perencanaan Fondasi Dangkal (Studi Kasus: Kota Medan) Miguel Felix Wijaya; Debora Lau; Alfadhella Ridwan
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31242

Abstract

Shallow foundation planning requires accurate estimation of soil bearing capacity to ensure the safety, stability, and efficiency of building structures. This study aims to analyze the soil bearing capacity based on Plate Loading Test (PLT) results for the shallow foundation design of a storage warehouse in the Medan area, North Sumatra. PLT testing was conducted at two test points representing the soil conditions at the research location, following ASTM D 1194-94 and ASTM D1196/D1196M standards. The parameters analyzed include the load-settlement curve, ultimate bearing capacity, soil reaction modulus (k), and estimated California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values. The results show that the ultimate soil bearing capacity ranges from 570–690 kN/m² with relatively small plate settlements of 4.8–7.2 mm, indicating stable soil behavior. The soil reaction modulus values were obtained in the range of 22,800–27,600 kN/m³, while the estimated CBR values ranged from 26–27.69%. Overall, these results indicate that the soil at the research location has good bearing capacity and falls into the category of high-density soil. Therefore, the soil conditions are declared suitable for use as a supporting layer for shallow foundations in industrial buildings.
Perencanaan Pompa Hidram Untuk Irigasi Di Kabupaten Lamongan Dayat Indri Yuliastuti; Brian Adika Sugiharto; Muhammad Lawdy Dhiyaa Vansya; Sekar Ayu Kuncaravita; Rizki Astri Apriliani
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31263

Abstract

The availability of irrigation water is a crucial factor in supporting agricultural productivity, especially in areas that have elevation differences between water sources and paddy fields. Daliwangun village in Sugio subdistrict, Lamongan regency, faces water distribution problems because the location of the rice fields is at a higher elevation than Gondang Reservoir as the main source of surface water. This study aims to plan an irrigation system using a hydram pump that is able to drain water without electrical energy or fuel. Research methods include topographic analysis, calculation of the main reservoir discharge, irrigation water requirements based on rice–rice–crops planting patterns, as well as analysis of hydram pump capacity based on head fall and head lift. The results showed that the elevation of rice fields is at 46-57 m, while the elevation of the reservoir is at 25-30 m, with an elevation difference of 15-25 m so that gravity flow is not possible. The mainstay discharge of the reservoir is sufficient for basic needs, but a pumping system is required to overcome the height. Calculation of hydram pump capacity shows that the system can meet the needs of irrigation on an area of 23-25 ha with the planned pump configuration. In conclusion, the hydram pump is feasible as a sustainable irrigation solution in Daliwangun Village.
Efektivitas Rehabilitasi Avour Buntung dalam Pengendalian Limpasan Air Hujan dan Pasang Laut Dyan Eka Nurhayati; Jenny Caroline
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31282

Abstract

Developing river geometry is one method that can be implemented to reduce flooding caused on by sea tides and surface run-off. The objectives of this study is to determine the riverbed slope factor and wet area in order to identify the optimum river geometry during flood discharge. When Q25 occurs at 167,35 m3/sec and sea tide elevation is +2,9 m, the current state of the Avour Buntung is unable to accomodate it considering the avour capacity is only 156,302 m3/sec. The initial 0,097% avour bed slope was divided into four sections with slopes of 0,023%, 0,46%, 0,018%, and 0,016%. The average width of the section with the lowest embankment will be 25,28 meters. The Avour Buntung can accommodate the discharge when the maximum condition of Q25 and sea tide occurs because the avour storage capacity develops to 185,228 m3/sec and the avour has an average barrier height of 0.89 m.
Analisis Potensi Likuifaksi Menggunakan Data CPT (Cone Penetration Test) Studi Kasus Proyek Konstruksi Tangki Bahan Bakar di Masohi Arifah Ismi Ambiya; Yerry Kahaditu Firmansyah; Bagas Aryaseta; Miguel Felix Wijaya
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31289

Abstract

The Maluku Province is a region with high seismicity that is vulnerable to liquefaction hazards, particularly in coastal areas with shallow groundwater levels and saturated soil conditions. This study aims to analyze soil behavior indices and liquefaction potential at the construction site of a fuel tank in Masohi, Central Maluku, using Cone Penetration Test (CPT) by comparing the methods of Cetin (2004) and Idriss–Boulanger (2014), as well as comparing the results with previous research by Latifi et al. (2023) using the methods of Olsen (1997), Juang (2003), and Robertson (1998) under different soil conditions. The classification results indicate a dominance of silty clay soils that are potentially susceptible to liquefaction. In the Masohi case study, relatively similar CSR patterns were obtained; however, the Idriss–Boulanger (2014) method yielded higher CSR values compared to the Cetin (2004) method. The CRR analysis revealed significant differences; the Idriss–Boulanger method exhibits higher sensitivity to changes in soil type and parameters, whereas the Cetin method tends to produce more stable values. A similar finding was observed in the study by Latifi et al. (2023), which demonstrated that soil characteristics and calculation formulations result in varying analysis outcomes across methods regarding liquefaction potential as indicated by CRR values.
Analisis Evaluasi Tiang untuk Stabilisasi Lereng dengan Metode Elemen Hingga Dua Dimensi Karina Meilawati Eka Putri; Griselda Junianda Velantika; Rizqi Alghiffary; Elok Dewi Widowati; Muhamad Fauzan Akbari
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31293

Abstract

Landslides due to slope instability are natural phenomena that can lead to substantial damage to infrastructure, loss of property, and human fatalities. Slope-stabilizing piles are among the most effective and widely used recently to increase slope stability. This paper presents an evaluation of slope-stabilizing piles using 2D finite element method (FEM), including a parametric study on the effects of pile diameter, pile spacing, and pile length on the pile responses, such as bending moment and deformation. The analysis conducted in this research employed the 2D FEM. FEM modeling was performed with the plane strain model and the Hardening Soil (HS) soil constitutive model. A parametric study was conducted by varying the pile parameters, such as pile length (12, 16, and 20 meters), diameter of pile (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 meters), and pile spacing (1.5D, 2D, 3D, and 4D). Based on the analysis results, pile length shows the most significant influence on slope stability; an increase in pile length is proportional to an increase of the factor of safety and bending moments but inversely proportional to the resulting deformation. On the other hand, pile diameter was found to have no significant impact on the improvement of the Factor of Safety in this study, although dimensional variations affect internal forces, specifically regarding deformation and bending moment distribution within the pile. Furthermore, increasing the spacing between piles tends to decrease the factor of safety because it weakens the soil arching mechanism, which subsequently increases deformation at the pile head. This research suggested that the optimization of slope stability is more dependent on the embedment length of pile and pile spacing rather than the pile diameter.
Analisis Deformasi Lateral dan Getaran Tanah Akibat Pemancangan Tiang pada Pipa Minyak dan Gas Arraya Fredericko Romanza; Yerry Kahaditu Firmansyah; Dian Purnamawati Solin
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31313

Abstract

The reclamation project of Triangle Island within the Java Integrated Industrial Port Estate (JIIPE) necessitates the installation of driven deep foundations in soft clay deposits adjacent to existing oil and gas pipelines. The pile driving process induces lateral soil deformation and ground vibration, posing a severe threat to pipeline integrity. This study evaluates the geotechnical impacts of pile driving and proposes effective mitigation measures. The structural viability of the foundation was initially validated using the Nakazawa method with corrected parameters for bearing capacity, alongside immediate settlement analysis using the Bowles equivalent raft approach for a 37-meter deep, 600 mm diameter steel pipe pile group. Subsequently, two-dimensional numerical modeling using finite element methods was conducted to simulate lateral soil displacement and ground vibration generated by a Junttan HHK 7A hydraulic impact hammer. Several mitigation scenarios, primarily focusing on pre-boring configurations, were analyzed. The unmitigated numerical results demonstrate that stress and lateral displacement around the pipeline approach or exceed allowable design limits. However, the implementation of optimized pre-boring significantly attenuates soil heave and vibration response, keeping pipeline deformations within safe operational thresholds. These findings provide a robust
Analisis Perbaikan Tanah Lunak Pada Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Tol Probolinggo-Banyuwangi Paket 3 Dengan Berbagai Alternatif Metode Perbaikan Tanah Muhammad Salman Mukhtar; Yerry Kahaditu Firmansyah; Bagas Aryaseta; Miguel Felix Wijaya
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31388

Abstract

The construction of Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road Package 3 faces geotechnical challenges due to variations in the thickness of compressible soft soil layers, which may cause excessive settlement and embankment instability. This study aims to analyze the influence of existing soil conditions on settlement and embankment stability and to determine the most appropriate ground improvement methods based on variations in compressible soil thickness. The research employed a quantitative method using secondary data, including Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data, embankment material parameters, ground improvement parameters, and seismic data for pseudostatic analysis. The N-SPT values were corrected and correlated into soil parameters, which were then modeled using PLAXIS 2D finite element software with the Hardening Soil model. The analysis results indicate that at STA 42+675, with a soft soil thickness of 5.5 m, the settlement difference under existing conditions was 16.22 cm and was successfully reduced to 7.9 cm after applying a combination of bamboo piles and bamboo mattress. At STA 45+700, with a soft soil thickness of 12 m, the existing condition experienced collapse during the embankment construction stage, whereas the combination of Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) and preloading produced stable conditions with a settlement difference of 6.54 cm and a seismic safety factor of 1.375. This study concludes that selecting ground improvement methods based on the thickness of compressible soil layers can effectively improve embankment stability and control settlement.
Faktor Risiko Keberlanjutan Finansial Berbasis Pemangku Kepentingan Proyek Jalan Tol di Indonesia Lala Anggraini; Jumiati Bandu; Alif S Mulyati; Amrin Farikhi
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31427

Abstract

The financial sustainability of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) toll road projects in Indonesia faces serious challenges due to heavy reliance on conventional debt-based financing, particularly syndicated bank loans that are vulnerable to interest rate fluctuations. This study aims to identify risk factors affecting the financial sustainability of toll road projects and to explore the potential of Islamic financing instruments particularly sukuk as a structural risk mitigation strategy in infrastructure financing. A qualitative approach was adopted using thematic analysis through semi-structured in-depth interviews with two groups of informants: (1) practitioners from toll road operating companies (BUJT) who have direct experience in managing construction and operational risks, and (2) Islamic finance experts with expertise in structuring Sharia-compliant financing instruments. The study identifies four main risk clusters: financing structure risk, construction-phase risk, operational revenue risk, and regulatory risk. The two most critical risks are interest rate fluctuation on syndicated loans and construction cost overruns. Findings reveal that project-based ijarah sukuk offers structural advantages over conventional bonds, particularly in terms of cost of capital certainty (fixed return), asset-backed governance strengthening, and alignment with the long-term cash flow profile of toll road projects. The study underscores the need for financing diversification through the integration of instruments as part of a proactive strategy for managing infrastructure project financial risk.
Pemodelan Hidrologi-Hidrodinamika 2D untuk Karakterisasi Genangan dan Bahaya Banjir Perkotaan di DAS Ampal, Balikpapan Noor Zaqiyah Muhding; Umboro Lasminto
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31443

Abstract

Flooding is a dominant hydrometeorological hazard in urban areas of Indonesia, including Balikpapan City as a strategic buffer zone for the Nusantara Capital City (IKN). This study aims to evaluate the performance of an integrated 2D hydrological–hydrodynamic model in representing the flood event of March 7, 2025, and to simulate flood inundation distribution and hazard levels based on inundation depth in the Ampal Watershed. The methodology employed hydrological modeling using HEC-HMS and two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling using HEC-RAS 2D with an unsteady flow scheme. Calibration results indicate good model performance, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.082 m, indicating low model error, and a Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.865, indicating good model performance. The model showed good agreement in representing the analyzed flood event. Simulation results indicate that inundation was concentrated along the Klandasan Besar River, with the maximum inundation depth identified in the Beller residential area. Flood hazard classification based on inundation depth shows that the very high hazard class (>0.50 m) covered 48.81 ha, while safe areas (<0.10 m) covered 92.04 ha and were generally located at higher elevations. The inundation pattern indicates concentrated overflow in low-lying and sink areas along the Klandasan Besar River corridor due to limited channel capacity, channel constriction (bottleneck), dominance of impervious surfaces, and backwater effects in downstream areas. The results of this study can support flood hazard mapping and urban flood mitigation planning in Balikpapan City.
Analisis Komparatif Potensi Likuefaksi Menggunakan Metode Youd & Idriss dan Idriss & Boulanger Berdasarkan Data SPT M Naufal Ramadhan Naufal; Bagas Aryaseta; Karina Meilawati Eka Putri; Miguel Felix Wijaya
AGREGAT Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v11i1.31444

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries with high levels of seismic activity because it lies at the junction of three major tectonic plates and along the Pacific Ring of Fire. These conditions make several regions, including the Special Region of Yogyakarta, vulnerable to earthquakes and their associated impacts, one of which is liquefaction. This study aims to analyze the potential for liquefaction in the Yogyakarta Toll Road Construction Project, Section 2, Package 2.1, Sleman, using the Youd & Idriss and Idriss & Boulanger methods based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data. The analysis was conducted at three borehole locations—BH-86, BH-89, and BH-93—selected because they have the highest groundwater levels, thereby representing the most critical conditions regarding the likelihood of liquefaction. Earthquake magnitude variations of 6, 6.3, and 7 were used in this study to evaluate the influence of magnitude on liquefaction potential at the study site. The analysis was conducted by calculating soil resistance parameters against liquefaction based on each method, then comparing the results for each borehole and earthquake magnitude variation. The analysis results indicate that an increase in earthquake magnitude leads to an increase in soil cyclic load and a decrease in the Safety Factor value, thereby increasing the potential for liquefaction. Soil layers located below the groundwater table exhibit higher vulnerability to liquefaction compared to those above it. A comparison of the results shows that both methods exhibit similar trends, namely that the potential for liquefaction increases as earthquake magnitude increases. However, the Idriss & Boulanger (2008) method generally yields lower Safety Factor values compared to the Youd & Idriss (2001) method, making it more conservative in evaluating liquefaction potential. Thus, this study demonstrates that variations in earthquake magnitude and differences in analytical methods influence the results of liquefaction potential evaluations at the study site.

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