cover
Contact Name
Indri Astrina Fitria Indrarani
Contact Email
risetarsitektur@unpar.ac.id
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
risetarsitektur@unpar.ac.id
Editorial Address
Gedung PPAG 1, Lantai 1A Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Katolik Parahyangan (UNPAR) Jl. Ciumbuleuit No. 94, Bandung, 40141, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Location
Kota bandung,
Jawa barat
INDONESIA
Jurnal RISA
ISSN : 25488074     EISSN : -     DOI : https://doi.org/10.26593/risa
Core Subject : Engineering,
Jurnal RISA aims to contribute to scientific research, practice, and education by publishing national and international studies. The scope of this journal includes the dissemination of research findings, ideas, and reviews in the following subject areas: 1. History, Theory, and Philosophy of Architecture; 2. Housing and Settlements; 3. Architecture and Urban Design; and 4. Building Management Technology.
Articles 300 Documents
PURPOSE A SACRED ROOM OF CHRUCHES BY PASTOR MANGUNWIJAYA CASE STUDY: CHURCH OF MARIA ASSUMPTA KLATEN, CHURCH OF THERESIA SALAM, AND CHURCH OF MARY Tanumihardja
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 2 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstract - Sacred space is everywhere and has become the part of human’s life since thousand years ago. Onemanifestation of the sacred space is the Catholic Church. A sacred space in the Catholic Church should be ableto accommodate liturgical activities in accordance with the rules and the order of their activities so thecelebration of the Eucharistic liturgy can run well. This study will attempt to understand the concept and themanifestation of the sacred space found in Romo Mangunwijaya’s churches in accordance to the concept andthe manifestation of the Catholic Church’s sacred space.Research will be carried out based on a preliminary study conducted by studying the universal sacred spacetheory proposed by Eliade and the theory of the Catholic Church’s sacred space that refers to the principles ofthe liturgy space. Results of analysis of each object of the study will then be processed further through acomparison table so that it can be concluded the manifestation of a sacred space in Romo Mangunwijaya’schurches.From the results of research on the objects of the study, showed that the manifestation of the sacred space of theRomo Mangunwijaya’s Churches dominantly shown in terms of orientation, ornaments, and atmosphere. Inaddition, the case study that shows the most dominant manifestation of the sacred space is Theresia SalamChurch.The benefits of this research are: for general public, this research can improve the knowledge of the importanceof the sacred space within the Catholic Church and how to integrate local values and culture into the sacredspace concept established in the Catholic Churchs rules. Meanwhile, for the architects and institutions of theCatholic Church, this research can improve the knowledge of the concept of sacred space in the CatholicChurch and how to manifest the concept of the sacred space into the architecture of the Catholic Church.Key Words : sacred space, church, Y.B. Mangunwijaya
THE PRINCIPLES OF MODERN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AS OBSERVED IN PARAHYANGAN CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY’S POSTGRADUATE STUDIES BUILDING Zachrie
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1961.963 KB)

Abstract

Abstract - The post-Independence era saw the beginning of the development of modern architecture in Indonesia. In this particular era the profession of architect emerged as a requirement that eventually also turned into one of the fields that played a role in the development of Indonesian architecture. As one of the first architects, Mohammad Soesilo joined in participating in drawing up the main principles of architectural design valid for that era, a theorem that can be said to be influential to this day, serving as a set of general guidelines. The lack of data available on the dawn of architectural development has created a certain vagueness concerning these principles. In the post-Independence era, Indonesian architects were still strongly influenced by the principles of design being developed, that is to say those governing modern architecture. The purpose of this research is to deepen our insight into into the various principles of architectural design in the post-Independence era to establish how big the influence has been of the principles governing modern architecture that became the guidelines for designs made by Indonesian architects in those days, in order to be able to determine their impact on the design of architectural works in Indonesia itself. This research has been conducted by examining one of the buildings designed by Mohammad Soesilo, namely Parahyangan Catholic University’s Post-graduate Studies Building. The focus of research revolves around the question whether this building can be classified as one designed with the principles of modern architecture in mind because the design of its physical shape was influenced by the seven variables using the terminology of modern architecture. These seven variables have influenced the attainment of function, expression, and technology in Parahyangan Catholic University’s Post-graduate Studies Building as one that has been well designed. Keywords : Architectural principles, Principles of Modern Architecture, Post-Independence Architecture
EFFECT OF SCALE, PROPORTION, AND WALKABILITY TO VISUAL TROTOAR QUALITY UNDER THE TERAS CIHAMPELAS Tekadtuera
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 2 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstract - The introduction the new infrastructures in the city of Bandung is being executed in order to tacklevarious urban problems, such as the lack ofpedestrian-friendly spacse and the lack ofpublic spaces throughoutthe city. In 2017, the Local Government of Bandung opened Teras Cihampelas, which is a skywalk-type ofinfrastructure that was built above Cihampelas Street in order to relocate the street vendors that had beenoccupying the pedestrianway in Jalan Cihampelas and to become a new public space. The new structure, in fact,affects the scale and proportion ofthe spaces between buildings along the road and reconfigurated the visualqualities ofthe existing street. Therefore, the visual experiences in the pedestrianway throughout CihampelasStreet had also affected by the changes of those factors.The method used in this research is a qualitative triangulation method which can be done by mappingthe typology of the space between buildings based on the existing buildings’ intensity for further analysiswhich consist ofscale and proportion analysis, and walkability analysis that was based on visual evaluation. Theanalysis of each typology will then be mapped and merged in each pedestrianways to provide the visualexperiences of the pedestrian in Cihampelas Street.The visual quality in Cihampelas Street appears to slightly exceed the minimum comfortability standardbut still far from the maximum comfort for a pedestrianway. This problem appears because there are lacks oflegibility and imageability that the pedestrian can grasp in most parts of the pedestrianway. But aside fromthose factors, other factors like transparency, complexity, and coherence in Cihampelas Street are highly achievedso that the pedestrianway can still be comfortably walkable by the pedestrian. sKey Words : scale, proportion, visual quality, walkabillity, visual experience, pedestrian, qualitativetriangulation method, Cihampelas Street
THE MERAH MOSQUE AND THE ASY SYAFI’I MOSQUE CONSIDERED AS LANDMARKS BASED ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITY’S RECOGNITION IN CIREBON’S ARAB PANJUNAN KAMPONG Widyastuti
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2989.923 KB)

Abstract

Abstract - The Arab Panjunan kampong serving as the research object happens to be one of the heritage areas of Cirebon Town. This urban kampong has certain ethnic characteristics typical of Arab quarters that make it unique, thus contributing to the rich cultural history of Cirebon. As a heritage area, it is important for this ethnic Arab neighbourhood of Panjunan to draw up an inventory of the specific architectural elements that are still traceable, such as the urban lay-out and its contents as well as the landmarks of this area observed from a physical-spatial angle. The aim of this research project is to find out about this kampong’s various architectural elements that are recognized as such by the locals. This will be the contributing factor in the process of determining which environmental elements can be classified as typical landmarks. The first step taken in the research conducted is field observation in order to establish the elements that have survived in the kampong, including the architectural, social, and cultural ones. The observation related to architectural elements has been identified in accordance with the theory concerning Elements of Urban Design as proposed by Hamid Shirvani in his book The Urban Design Process. The next step is conducting research using the Cognitive Method as applied to the kampong dwellers in Panjunan by way of sketched maps and guided interviews. The respondents, classified based on ethnic heritage (descent) and gender, were requested to describe the environmental elements in this ethnic Arab kampong as far as they could recognize or identify them. Those who experienced difficulties in describing the sketches were assisted by the researcher based on the stories that had been supplied. Based on the acquired data containing these environmental elements, the aspect of memories contained therein was studied by way of interviews linked to the Continuity Theory by Breakwell. Subsequently, an analysis was made of the basis underlying the recognition of these elements based on the Landmark Theory by Kevin Lynch, and classified based on the criteria drawn up by Eko Budihardjo. Through the analysis, it was discovered that Panjunan’s Merah Mosque and its Asy Syafi’i Mosque indeed qualify as as architectural elements that show continuity of memory, gaining validity as iconic elements or landmarks on the regional scale of Cirebon’s ethnic Arab kampong of Panjunan. Keywords : mosque, landmark, recognition, local community, Arab Panjunan kampong
TEMPLE REPRESENTATION IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF HIGHRISE BUILDINGS OF THE REFORMATION ERA IN JAKARTA Arieza
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1156.807 KB)

Abstract

Abstract - Temples are one of the most important cultural archeological remains available in Indonesia. Over the centuries and indeed up to the present, the various elements in the design of temples have been considered as a reference point and the origin of architecture in Indonesia. The Prambanan temple constitutes the first highrise building in South East Asia, which serves to prove that in that particular era, the ancestors of the current Indonesian population were able to inspire the world with its creations. The temples spread all over Indonesia can be labelled unique because they differed from those hailing from the source of inspiration, namely the country of India. This was due to the active role played by the local genius at that point in time, which showed a knack for absorbing foreign concepts while simultaneously selecting and adapting these ideas to the Indonesian context. In keeping with the developments typical of the era and the available technology, exploring the cultural wealth of resources and architecture must be continued as a matter of course; if not, there is cause for alarm that the local values and the very identity of Indonesian architecture may well fade, and all the more so in the reformation era typified by the increasingly dominant current of globalization. The most rapid development can be found in Jakarta as Indonesia’s capital and the melting pot of all aspects. The density of this urban population goes up all the time, and the price of the increasingly rare land available has followed suit. This particular trend has driven the vertical expansion for reasons of efficient land use and economic factors. The expansion level of high-rise buildings in Jakarta has also risen sharply due to the increasing need. These high-rise buildings can be considered as a symbol of a strong economy of a given city because they define the urban skyline and form a source of pride for the city dwellers. Allowing this expansion of high-rise buildings without making a rigorous selection has frequently led to the urban skyline’s loss of character, and a regrettable tendency to look identical to the skyline of other cities. The purpose of this research project is to study the use of temple representation in the architecture of high-rise buildings of the Reformation Era in Jakarta by way of examining the architectural works of PT Arkonin & PT Airmas Asri. Keywords : Temple, reformation, local genius, high-rise building, representation
SUSTAINABILITY OF CIRCULATION PATTERNS TO EASY MOBILITY VISITORS CASE STUDY: PALACE BANDUNG ELECTRONIC CENTER, BANDUNG Susanto
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 2 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstract - The addition of new buildings especially in the shopping center building is often the case, it aims todevelop activities in old shopping buildings that are considered to have potential in maintaining or improving thequality of a shopping center, but the development can be a problem if in the initial development of a shoppingcenter has no plans for adding or thinking about the second stage of development for some time to come. As aresult, the designer must be able to create a connection circulation path in the building design that looks unitedbetween the old building and the new building into a unified whole, but there are several factors that must beadapted to the condition and state of the old building so that the resulting building can be continuous with eachother.This research will discuss about the circulation inside the shopping center building, especially on the continuitybetween circulation pattern of old building and new building of shopping building. The object used is electronicshopping center Istana Bandung Electronic Center or often called BEC located at Jalan Purnawarman no 13-15,Bandung.Qualitative method is done by collecting data from object of study in the form of plan, documentation of pictureor photo, study of literature, theories, and so on. Quantitative methods are carried out by listing the mobility ofvisitors within the building, especially in the path of meeting the circulation patterns between old and newbuildings in the BEC shopping area.The purpose of this research is to know the continuity of circulation pattern between old building and new buildingas one shopping center, seen from the ease of visitor mobility inside the building, and to know and to evaluate theeffectiveness of combined circulation pattern between old building and new building inside shopping area IstanaBandung Electronic Center.Key Words : continuity, circulation patterns, ease of visitor mobility, shopping center.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CREATIVE KAMPONG’S TOURIST ACTIVITIES ON THE CHANGE IN LAY-OUT FOR ACTIVITIES AND THE CHANGE IN SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE DAGO POJOK KAMPONG IN BANDUNG Raras
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2057.848 KB)

Abstract

Abstract - “Bandung the Champ” is a program organized by Bandung’s Municipal Government to develop the local economy and increase the quality of urban life. One of these programs is called the Kampong Champ, which puts forward the concept of the Creative Kampong. The purpose of this program is to develop the economy of the local community by way of exploring the potential of the citizens, and to create a kampong fit for tourism. The Creative Kampong at Dago Pojok has been built and expanded from 2010 up to the present. The phenomenon that has taken place consists of the change made in the spatial lay-out to accommodate tourist activities based in these quarters that are of a temporary kind. This research project aims to identify the change mentioned above as a consequence of the marked shift from daily activities in the neighborhood to tourism-related ones and to reveal the influence of the change in spatial arrangement made in this kampong on the spatial lay-out of the Dago Pojok area. The methods employed for this research consist of the qualitative method and the descriptive method along with field observation using the technique of observing place-centered mapping. The study of the discussion starts off with identifying the arrangement of physical space that has undergone change due to a change in activity, followed by an analysis of the influence of the architectural elements on the change made in the lay-out of physical space and the approach to the morphological aspects of the city to identify the impact of these changes on the planning of this urban area. The results of the study indicate that the changes made in the arrangement of the activity space and the circulation have been caused by the change in daily activities into tourism-related ones coming from the Creative Kampong so that the latter’s spatial lay-out cannot accommodate these activities properly. As a consequence, the space needs to be rearranged with the element of semi-fixed features due to the density of the relatively tall buildings in this urban kampong. The changes in spatial arrangement made in the various areas under observation have exerted an influence on the urban kampong’s spatial lay-out, amounting to a structural change in the lay-out and orientation as well as the formation of hierarchy and datum in the area of Dago Pojok. Keywords : Tourism, Creative Kampong, change in lay-out, change in spatial arrangement
KNOCK DOWN BAMBOO WALL PANEL Santosa
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 2 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstract - Indonesia often experiences natural disasters, therefore a transitional residential building is needed forvictims who are able to build quickly and easily in mobilization. Bamboo is a local material that exists in Indonesiaand has a high sustainability to be used as building materials. The appropriate principle between thecharacteristics of bamboo and the needs of transitional buildings where used as wall materials. The knock downbamboo wall panel is the answer of the need for fast and easy work in mobilization.The research method used isqualitative descriptive of two study object and design experiment of prototype 1: 1 . Researchers will conduct astudy of bamboo walls on two study objects Blooming Bamboo Home dan Soe Ker Tie House, also meetings ofany deficiencies and advantages from aspects of form, function and context, and construction. Forms includematerial used, basic dimensional modules, wall weight, and the ability to re-modify walls. Functions and Contextsinclude the space privacy, resistance, and behavior of walls against wind, solar heat, lighting, and rain.Construction covers the way of bamboo processing into wall panels, connection systems, and can be donemassively by the crowd. Potential bamboo wall variants to be explored will be evaluated and developed for thebetter and new alternative of other wall panels also considered.The most efficient bamboo knock down panels arebamboo slats and woven bamboo booths as massive walls, woven bamboo and bamboo modified blades I as semiopen walls, modified bamboo blades II and polikarbonate as open walls. The most appropriate connection systemused in knock down bamboo wall panels is the gypsum screw connection for bamboo wall panel frame joints, boltnuts and iron plates for knock down bamboo wall panel connections with structures and connections betweenwall panels.Keywords : Knock down, Bamboo, Sustainable, Wall panel
THE IMPACT OF DAYLIGHT APERTURES AND REFLECTIVE SURFACES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURAL LIGHTING AT THE RUMAH KINDAH OFFICE IN JAKARTA Panjaitan
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1080.206 KB)

Abstract

Abstract - Illumination forms an important factor in a building. Lighting, and especially its natural form, is an important element to be considered in an office building. Proper natural lighting in an office can create a way to economize on energy. Besides, it may create a conducive atmosphere, affecting the work spirit and inspire the zest of the employees, so a lighting system must be designed to reach the highest possible degree of effectiveness. The effectiveness of natural lighting can be regarded from the quantitative and qualitative angle. Attaining the purpose of naturadaylight is influenced by various factors, including the daylight apertures that let daylight or sunlight seep in, along with surfaces or panels that reflect light so that it bounces back. Therefore, we must find out how these daylight apertures and reflective surfaces influence the effectiveness of lighting in office buildings. The Rumah Kindah office in Jakarta happens to be one of the office buildings that make use of natural lighting with daylight apertures that are unique, along with several kinds of reflective surfaces. This type of research can be classified as descriptive-evaluative, making use of the quantitative-qualitative approach. The Rumah Kindah office as the object of rsearch consists of three work spaces displaying the characteristics of daylight apertures that are uniform but not exactly the same, and the same applies to the reflective surfaces, so the research was conducted in these three office rooms. The relevant set of data was collected by way of observation, taking measurements and through the medium of interviews held at the object of research as well as using software to support simulation for the sake of acquiring the data required. These data can be analyzed by employing the theories that are available. The analysis results indicate that the daylight apertures oriented to the East-West but differing in terms of type, position, dimension and material produce a quantity and quality that varies from space to space. Besides, the reflective surfaces inside and outside the rooms play an important role in attaining the desired effectiveness of natural lighting in each of the work spaces at the Rumah Kindah office in Jakarta. Keywords : Light Apertures, Reflective Surfaces, Effectiveness of Natural Lighting
ADAPTATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE SRI MANGANTI HALL AT YOGYAKARTA’S KERATON PALACE COMPLEX Soma - Alwin S. Sombu, Clarissa Jesslyn
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2, No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Riset Arsitektur (RISA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1349.36 KB)

Abstract

Abstract - Yogyakarta’s Keraton palace forms part of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) that has architectural values of high standing. Apart from this, the hall called Sri Manganti takes specific pride of place in this palace. The purpose of this research project is to reveal these architectural aspects through establishing their cultural significance, meaningful architectural elements and the conservational measures applied to this particular hall. The theories employed for this piece of research include the Capon theory, the Orbasli theory, the Feilden theory, the Forsythe theory, and finally the Javanese Tradition Architectural theory. The methods used consist of the descriptive and the qualitative method along with the architectural approach to the matter of the building’s form and function, and the local conservation of the various cultural meanings. The cultural significance of the Sri Manganti hall lies in the application of the Javanese architectural concept of Joglo Mangkurat (referring to the roof’s steep upper section) along with the hanging structure known as Lambung Gantung, aesthetic appreciation of Javanese culture and tradition and exhibition and performance of Javanese art. The architectural and aesthetic values can be discerned in its architectural components consisting of the fundament, floor, poles/pillars, supporting and upper wooden beams called ander & molo, ceiling, roof, various decorations and the general lay-out. A valuable building like this has apparently suffered from loss of quality in the components of its construction. This decline in quality could have been caused by the impact of the tropical climate, faulty maintenance and certain questionable human measures taken. On the other hand, it turns out that the change of function into an exhibition venue for art has actually brought added value in terms of the building’s usefulness.This building falls under the essential buildings that make up the Keraton palace, so its general condition needs to be properly maintained, both with the measures taken to adapt and conserve it for the future.Keywords: architectural value, aesthetic value, conservation, adaptation, preservation

Page 4 of 30 | Total Record : 300


Filter by Year

2017 2025


Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol 9 No 02 (2025): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 9 No 01 (2025): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 8 No 04 (2024): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 8 No 03 (2024): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 8 No 02 (2024): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 8 No 01 (2024): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 7 No 04 (2023): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 7 No 03 (2023): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 7 No 02 (2023): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 7 No 01 (2023): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 6 No 04 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 6 No 03 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 6 No 02 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 6 No 01 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 5 No 04 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 5 No 03 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 5 No 02 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 5 No 01 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 4 No 04 (2020): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 4 No 03 (2020): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 4 No 02 (2020): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 4 No 1 (2020): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 3 No 04 (2019): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 3 No 03 (2019): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 3 No 02 (2019): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 3 No 01 (2019): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 2 No 04 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 2 No 03 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 2 No 02 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 2 No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 2, No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 2, No 4 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 2, No 3 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 2, No 2 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 1 No 04 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 1 No 03 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 1, No 03 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 1, No 02 (2017): Riset Arsitektur "RISA" Vol 1 No 02 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 1, No 4 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" Vol 1, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 1 No 1 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA" More Issue