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Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25497316     EISSN : 25497324     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications (cited as J. Phys.: Theor. Appl.) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal, which is published twice a year by Physics Department, Sebelas Maret University. The journal is designed to serve researchers, developers, professionals, graduate students and other interested in theoretical and applied physics.
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Articles 64 Documents
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Universal I-Love-Q Relation in Anisotropic Quark Stars within Rastall Gravity Haris Maulana Yunefi; Zulfi Abdullah
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i2.107796

Abstract

This study investigates the universal I-Love-Q relation in anisotropic quark stars within the Rastall gravity framework. We employ the 4th-order Runge-Kutta numerical method to solve the slow rotation and tidal deformation equations. The analysis utilizes the MIT Bag equation of state with the Bag parameter () and the Color Flavor Locked (CFL) equation of state with the CFL parameter parameter () to model the material properties of anisotropic quark stars. The universal I-Love-Q relation are explored by varying the Rastall parameter () and the anisotropic parameter (). The universal I-Love-Q relation is satisfied when variations in  , , , and do not affect the linear relationship between the moment of inertia (), Love number (), and quadrupole moment (). The universal I-Love-Q relation holds when  and  are varied , but breaks down when ζ and  are altered.
A Low-cost demonstration kit for determination of the active region of x-ray detectors using phototransistors Saminan, Saminan; Silviana, Fitria; Prayogi, Soni
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v8i1.86746

Abstract

This research develops a low-cost demonstration kit that aims to facilitate understanding of the concept of determining the active region of an X-ray detector using a phototransistor. This demonstration kit provides a practical and effective tool for illustrating the basic principles of X-ray detection, focusing on the phototransistor as the main component. The research method includes designing an electronic circuit capable of converting changes in light received by a phototransistor into an electrical signal that can be measured. The interaction of X-rays with matter can produce fluorescence phenomena that emit visible light. This phenomenon is utilized to design a phototransistor-based X-ray detector by attaching a ZnS (Ag) fluorescent screen to the surface of a phototransistor arranged in a Darlington circuit. The measurement of the active area of the detector was carried out by collimating the x-ray beam from a 2000-watt Philips x-ray generator tube, 60 kV type PW 2215/20 NR 780026, and measuring the output voltage of the detector (Vout) every 1 mm the change in beam position horizontally or vertically. The experimental results show that the Darlington circuit can be applied to design phototransistor-based X-ray detectors. The detector's active area irradiated with x-rays was obtained at (3.5 ± 0.5) mm horizontally and (3.3 ± 0.5) mm in the vertical direction. The results validate the phototransistor's response to X-rays and provide a clear illustration of how the active region of the detector can be identified and measured.
Applications of holonomic and non-holonomic constraints in modern technological innovations: systematic review Melinda Maharani; Selvia Mariska Syahputri; Eka Sutinah; Hamdi Akhsan; Ismet Ismet
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 1 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i1.102155

Abstract

Kendala holonomik dan nonholonomik merupakan aspek penting mekanika geometri yang banyak diaplikasikan dalam teknologi modern seperti navigasi, robotika, dan kendaraan otonom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan utama: (1) Bagaimana kendala holonomik dan nonholonomik didistribusikan dalam bidang teknologi modern? dan (2) Bagaimana kendala ini berkontribusi pada efisiensi dan kinerja sistem? Metode yang digunakan adalah Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis (SLR) yang mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Literatur dikumpulkan menggunakan perangkat lunak Publish or Perish dari basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar, dengan kata kunci tertentu. Dari 165 artikel yang awalnya ditemukan, 32 artikel dipilih untuk analisis akhir setelah penyaringan, penghapusan duplikat, dan evaluasi kualitas dan pengindeksan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penerapan kendala nonholonomik yang dominan dalam sistem dinamis seperti robot penggerak diferensial dan kendaraan otonom karena kemampuannya untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas dan kemampuan beradaptasi. Sebaliknya, kendala holonomik lebih umum digunakan dalam sistem presisi tinggi seperti robot omnidirectional. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya memilih jenis kendala yang tepat untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja teknologi berbasis mekanika geometri.
Numerical investigation of the effect of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal properties of polystyrene silver nanoparticle (PS/AgNPs) composites Mohammed, Imrana Habibat; Yabagi, Jibrin Alhaji; Akusu, Patrick Ovie; Babakatcha, Ndanusa; Ladan, Muhammad Bello; Dada, Micheal; Kimpa, Mohammed Isah
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v8i1.80584

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal properties of polystyrene silver nanoparticle (PS/AgNPs) composites is numerically investigated. This polymer nanocomposite consists of different quantities of silver (Ag) nanoparticles incorporated in a polystyrene (PS) matrix. The temperature dependence of the core-shell nanoparticles is investigated in the framework of Maxwell model and the Rule of Mixture model for random nanocomposite. By modeling the nanoparticles as being spherical, the effect of volume fraction and temperature on the core-shell nanoparticles is studied via both models for spherical core-shell nanoparticles. Simulations are successfully carried out using MATLAB programming to account for the effective thermal response which occurs at the wide interface between materials. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the matrix material can be enhanced by embedding high thermal conductivity nanoparticles, but the effectiveness of such a strategy diminishes as the effective thermal response between the nanoparticles and matrix material increases. Further simulations indicate that the enhancement of thermal conductivity can be affected by the alignment of nanoparticles with respect to the temperature gradient. The values obtained from the analytical Maxwell model compared to Rule of Mixture model are in close agreement with the experimental valuesfor a spherical nanocomposite. The Sufer 16 software is further used to show the 2-D contour of thermal conductivity variation over particle volume fraction and temperature of polystyrene silver nanoparticles (PS/AgNPs) composite. The polystyrene silver nanoparticles composite are expected to have adequate potential for a wide variety of applications particularly in microelectronic industries.
Characterization of trusted masks on the market, physically Bambang Murdaka Eka Jati; Miranda Putri Saraswati
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i2.108715

Abstract

A study was conducted to physically characterize masks that have been accepted in Indonesian market. This was motivated by the importance of masks as part of public health measures, preventing droplets from the wearer from leaving the mask and from outside (other people) from entering the mask, while maintaining a comfortable breathing environment. The purpose of this study was to physically characterize the three layers (front, middle, and back) of the mask. The results of this study can serve as a reference for small businesses in producing masks that are suitable for use. The research method was carried out in three stages. Stage 1: Calibration of the red and green laser wavelengths used, using diffraction grating (250, 500, and 750 lines/mm). Stage 2: Randomly selected masks from several reputable brands on the market. The lattice constants of the front and back layers of the masks, as well as the water absorption of the middle layer, were measured. This was done (on single brand of mask) in new, used, and used condition with treatment (washing and ironing). Stage 3, checked the lattice constant value (distance between the front and back layer pores) which was seen with microscope (with a micrometer installed in it) at a magnification of 83,3 times. The results obtained were the lattice constant value of the front and back layers and water absorption in the middle layer respectively: (a) new mask: (3.1  0.1)x10-3 cm; (1.3  0.2)x10-3 cm, and (3  1)x10-1 g/minute; (b) used mask: (1.3  0.4)x10-3 cm, (1.2  0.4)x10-3 cm, and (3  1)x10-1 g/minute; (c) used mask with treatment: (1.4  0.4)x10-3 cm, (1.4  0.3)x10-3 cm, and (14  1)x10-1 g/minute. Visual observations using a microscope yielded a lattice constant equivalence to the laser diffraction method. These results indicate that, regardless of comfort, mask suitable for use do not have to be new but this also applies to used masks that have been treated.
Expectation values and energy spectra of selected diatomic molecules: a Nikiforov-Uvarov approach Inyang, Etido P
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 1 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i1.97733

Abstract

This study employs the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to solve the Schrödinger equation for the class of inversely quadratic Yukawa potential (CIQYP), deriving both the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. The eigenvalues of the CIQYP for three diatomic molecules (N₂, O₂, and NO) are determined using their specific molecular data. The results reveal that the bound-state energy spectra of these molecules increase with both the principal and angular momentum quantum numbers. Numerical calculations of expectation values were performed, and the potential model simplifies to the Kratzer potential under specific boundary conditions, ensuring analytical consistency. Additionally, the energy spectra of other diatomic molecules, such as I₂ and CO, are analyzed. For a fixed principal quantum number, the energy spectrum increases with rising angular momentum quantum numbers, aligning closely with results from other established analytical methods. The analysis of diatomic molecules under the CIQYP provides valuable insights into their energy states, with significant implications for molecular physics, materials science, and astrophysics.
Phase transformation in Fe–Ti–O composites as potential lead-free piezoelectric materials for energy sensor applications Aulya Rizqi; Agus Yulianto; Budi Astuti
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 10, No 1 (2026): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v10i1.114433

Abstract

The Fe₂O₃–TiO₂ composite sintered at 900 °C exhibits a phase transformation from Fe₃O₄ to Fe₂O₃, which significantly affects the functional properties of the material. Composition variations (0:100 to 90:10) result in clear differences in densification, porosity, resistivity, and piezoelectric response. An increase in the Fe₂O₃ fraction strengthens densification but decreases piezoelectric voltage due to limited dipole movement. In contrast, the dominance of TiO₂ favors high resistivity while producing a maximum voltage of 0.01 V at a 10:90 composition. These results confirm that the balance of the Fe₂O₃–TiO₂ ratio determines the optimal combination of properties, as well as underscore the potential of this composite as an environmentally friendly lead-free piezoelectric material for sensor and energy device applications.
A study on the characteristics of 1H NMR spectra and evaluation of the sensitivity of an electromagnetic induction system to differences in the research octane number of petroleum fuels Rohmah Insyirah Handayani; Bambang Murdaka Eka Jati; Eko Sulistya
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 10, No 1 (2026): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v10i1.114659

Abstract

The Research Octane Number (RON) is a key quality parameter of gasoline that reflects the molecular structural characteristics of hydrocarbons; however, its conventional determination relies on standardized engine testing, which is impractical for rapid laboratory analysis. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of 1H NMR spectra of gasoline with different RON values and to evaluate the potential of alternative approaches based on electromagnetic induction and capacitive methods as discriminative parameters for RON. The methodology includes 1H NMR spectral analysis using region-based integration of chemical shifts without individual compound identification, as well as evaluation of the response of mutual induction systems and RC and RLC capacitive circuits to various gasoline samples. The results show that 1H NMR spectra exhibit clear differences in the distribution of aliphatic and aromatic signals among gasoline samples with different RON values, whereas the electromagnetic induction system does not demonstrate sufficient sensitivity due to the non-magnetic nature of gasoline. The capacitive approach is capable of detecting media with large permittivity contrast but is not yet sufficiently sensitive to discriminate subtle variations among gasoline samples. This study provides a methodological basis for the application of 1H NMR in the molecular structural characterization of gasoline and a critical evaluation of the limitations of sensor-based approaches relying on electromagnetic responses.
Determination of the critical exponent for high temperature superconductors using paraconductivity approach Md. Ashadul Islam; M. A. Islam
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 10, No 1 (2026): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v10i1.115718

Abstract

We have developed theoretical ideas to determine the critical exponent, understanding superconductivity for high-temperature superconductors. A detailed analysis is given based on the paraconductivity approach and compared with the experimental results. To develop the theoretical idea, the analysis is performed with the help of well-known paraconductivity expressions. To match the theoretical idea with experimental value, we have reproduced the data points using the ‘OriginPro’ software. Numerical estimation has been given in favour of the samples Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 (TBCCO), Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (BSCCO),  (YBCO) and  (SmBCO). The theoretical models largely agreed with the experimental results for the mentioned superconducting samples.
Electrolyte concentration and nafion membrane effects on supercapacitor discharge dynamics and charge retention Jagendra Chaudhari; Sangita Rai
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 10, No 1 (2026): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v10i1.111141

Abstract

Supercapacitors (SCs) are promising energy storage devices due to their high charge retention and rapid discharge capabilities. However, the efficiency of supercapacitors can be influenced by factors such as the choice of separator material and electrolyte concentration. This study investigates the performance of SCs fabricated using Nafion separators with Na₂SO₄ electrolytes of varying concentrations (1M and 0.5M) and charging conditions. The objective of this research is to evaluate the self-discharge behavior, capacitance, and voltage stability of supercapacitors to determine the optimal configuration for high-performance energy storage. The methodology involves fabricating SCs with Nafion separators and charging them under different voltages (1V, 1.2V, 1.4V) for varying time intervals (1 minute, 1.5 minutes, and 2 minutes). Self-discharge characteristics were monitored, and capacitance was calculated using the capacitor discharge equation. The experiments also included discharge tests using a 500-ohm resistor to simulate realistic usage. Major findings include that SCs with Nafion separators and 0.5M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte exhibit significantly lower self-discharge rates and more stable voltage profiles than those with napkin paper separators. Higher charging voltages and longer charging times lead to better charge retention. These results suggest that Nafion membranes and optimized electrolyte concentrations enhance supercapacitor performance, making them suitable for long-term, efficient energy storage applications.

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