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Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25497316     EISSN : 25497324     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications (cited as J. Phys.: Theor. Appl.) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal, which is published twice a year by Physics Department, Sebelas Maret University. The journal is designed to serve researchers, developers, professionals, graduate students and other interested in theoretical and applied physics.
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Articles 64 Documents
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Low-cost implementation of damped harmonic motion for structural vibration studies Fitria Silviana; Soni Prayogi
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i2.105212

Abstract

This study presents a low-cost experimental approach to investigating damped harmonic motion for structural vibration studies, using easily accessible electronic components and open-source microcontroller technology. The primary objective is to validate the feasibility of accurately capturing and analyzing vibrational behavior through an economical setup, making advanced physics experimentation accessible for educational and research purposes. The system comprises a spring-mass mechanism integrated with sensors such as ultrasonic rangefinders and LDRs connected to an Arduino Uno, allowing real-time data acquisition of displacement, velocity, and acceleration. The experiment begins with an initial phase of gravitational free fall, followed by a transition to damped harmonic oscillation once the spring is activated, triggered at a threshold displacement. Graphical and tabular representations of the motion illustrate the classic underdamped response, including phase-shifted oscillations and exponential decay of amplitude, closely matching theoretical models of second-order dynamic systems. This transition is marked by clear time and displacement boundaries, providing valuable insight into non-ideal spring behavior and real-world mechanical thresholds. The results confirm that key dynamic properties, such as damping ratio and natural frequency, can be qualitatively and quantitatively examined through low-cost means without sacrificing measurement reliability. Overall, the study highlights the pedagogical effectiveness and scalability of such a system in introducing fundamental mechanical vibration concepts. This work contributes to both physics education and applied engineering by promoting affordable, accurate, and adaptable experimental tools for the study of structural dynamics and harmonic motion in real-world scenarios
Activity concentrations of natural radioactivity and radiological dosimetry of virgin and agricultural soils in Kano State, Nigeria Olabimtan, Samuel Olugbenga; Chifu, Ebenezer Ndikilar; Nasir, Maharaz; Hafeez, Hafeez Yusuf
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v8i1.80550

Abstract

Natural radiation exposure from varying number of radionuclides in the soil is a major source of radiation dose around the world. These radionuclides are taken up by plants and transferred to crops leading to their concentrations in foods/crops. Activity concentrations of natural radioactivity in uncultivated and agricultural soils were analyzed in six rice producing Local Government Areas (Bagwai, Bunkure, Dambatta, Garko, Kura and Wudil) of Kano State, Nigeria using gamma-ray Spectrometer with Sodium-Iodide Scintillation detector. The activity concentrations, in Bq.kg-1, of 40K, 238U and 232Th ranged from 262.03 – 848.64 (mean: 547.76 ± 27.16), 11.27 – 65.14 (mean: 31.60 ± 3.32) and BDL – 25.11 (mean: 8.75 ± 0.50) in virgin soils; and 249.01 – 1098.91 (mean: 509.51 ± 25.21), 0.97 – 59.92 (mean: 25.46 ± 2.73) and 3.28 – 24.13 (mean: 12.26 ± 0.70) in agricultural soils in the study areas. Concentrations of 40K and 238U in virgin soils were generally higher than their corresponding values recorded in agricultural soils but higher values of 232Th were obtained in agricultural soils. The mean values of Radium equivalent activity, 86.29 Bq.kg-1 (virgin soils), and 82.22 Bq.kg-1 (agricultural soils) were lower than the world average value: 370 Bq.kg-1. The average Hazard indices (external and internal) values of virgin soils (0.233, 0.3210) and agricultural soils (0.222, 0.291) were all less than unity, which is the maximum permissible limit. However, slightly higher values of Hazard indices were obtained in virgin soils. The mean absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ECLR) were: 42.73 nGyh-1, 0.0524 mSv.y-1 and 0.119 x 10-3, respectively for virgin soils and, 40.41 nGyh-1, 0.0500 mSv.y-1 and 0.113 x 10-3 respectively for agricultural soils. These estimated values for both virgin and agricultural soils are all less than the world average of 59.0 nGyh-1, 0.070 mSv.y-1 and 0.29 x 10-3. Slightly lower values of D, AEDE and ECLR in agricultural soils is as a result of continuous human activities due to farming practices.
Mass spectra of quarkonium systems in the shifted generalized Cornell–inverse quadratic potential model Etido P Inyang
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i2.109207

Abstract

In this study, we present an application of the Shifted Generalized Cornell–Inverse Quadratic Potential (SG-CIQP) to heavy quarkonium systems. By solving the radial Schrödinger equation with the Pekeris-type approximation within the Nikiforov–Uvarov method, we derive closed-form expressions for both the energy eigenvalues and wave functions. This approach is applied to charmonium and bottomonium mesons, yielding mass spectra in excellent agreement with experimental data and established theoretical predictions. Notably, the S-wave states are reproduced with high precision, while the P-wave states are captured with quantitatively reliable accuracy, with minor deviations in the charmonium sector attributable to relativistic and coupled-channel effects. These results not only confirm the robustness of the SG-CIQP framework but also establish its potential as a versatile tool for extending quarkonium studies to spin-dependent interactions, relativistic corrections, and the spectroscopy of exotic hadronic states.
A comparative study of numerical methods for estimating the relationship between cosmic energy and the expansion rate of the universe Siagian, Ruben Cornelius
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v8i1.82991

Abstract

This research aims to develop a numerical method that can accurately estimate the relationship between cosmic energy (E) and the expansion rate of the universe (H), taking into account the complex interactions between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy. Numerical approaches based on Euler, Runge-Kutta, and Adams-Bashforth integration methods will be refined to evaluate the correlation. The limitation of this study is to a flat universe (k = 0 geometry), but it has the potential to be extended to other geometries. This effective numerical method can revolutionize cosmology by allowing accurate testing of cosmological theories and improving predictive capabilities. This study not only deepens our understanding of the behavior of the universe, but also opens up opportunities for further exploration. While there has been research on the Friedmann equation and the evolution of the universe, this study fills the gap by comparing three numerical methods, promising a more comprehensive and accurate analysis. This research demonstrates significant advances in cosmological methodology, with the potential to change the cosmological paradigm through efficient numerical approaches. By improving the understanding of cosmic energy and the expansion rate of the universe, this research not only contributes to the current knowledge of cosmology, but also paves the way for impactful follow-up research in this field.
Evaluation of repeated X-ray procedures and cost implications of the radiology department of general hospital Katsina-Nigeria Sani, Usman; Idris, Mustapha Muhammed
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 1 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i1.95268

Abstract

Repeated X-ray procedures contribute immensely to the unnecessary radiation exposure of patient and staff, additional health care costs, increased in time and over workload of the x-ray modalities. It is clearly known that low radiation doses are associated with the stochastic effects which includes cancer. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the repeated x-ray procedures and cost implication of the radiology department of General Hospital Katsina, Nigeria. The retrospective study of 4985 patients was carried for a period of 12-month, from January, 2023 to December, 2023. The results revealed 1216 rejected films out of 4985 with positioning error accounting for 21%, image cutoff 19.5% and under exposure 17.7%. The overall reject rate of 24.34% was recorded. The total sum of #2, 420,100 ($ 1,512.66) was spent on the repeated x-ray procedures. The reject rate of 24.39% was above the recommended reject rate of 10% as recommended by AAPM. This study recommends the need for effective quality assurance and quality control protocols and enhanced staff training in image positioning and optimization of radio-diagnostic image quality.
Advancing string theory with 4G model of final unification U.V. Satya Seshavatharam; S. Lakshminarayana; T. Gunavardhana Naidu
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i2.108424

Abstract

In the framework of the recently proposed 4G model of final unification, integrating three large atomic gravitational constants corresponding to the electromagnetic, strong, and electroweak interactions, we explore the physical existence of a fundamental electroweak fermion of rest energy ≈ 585 GeV. This particle is envisioned as the “zygote” of all elementary fermions and as the weak‐field counterpart to photons and gluons. Using three core assumptions and five defining relations, the model quantitatively reproduces key nuclear and particle physics observables, including the strong coupling constant, nuclear binding energies, neutron lifetime, charge radii, and several dimensionless large numbers. Theoretical string tensions and energies are derived for each atomic interaction (weak, strong, electromagnetic) using experimentally relevant scales (GeV–MeV–eV) rather than the inaccessible Planck scale, thus extending string theory’s applicability to testable low‑energy domains. Comparative analysis (Tables 1 and 2) demonstrates close agreement between calculated string energies and known interaction energies, providing a bridge between quantum gravity concepts and measurable nuclear data. The model also predicts possible astrophysical signatures of the 585 GeV fermion through annihilation and acceleration processes capable of generating TeV–multi‑TeV photons. While the approach is qualitative in some mathematical details, its ability to fit fundamental constants and nuclear properties within a unified string–gravitational paradigm offers a promising, experimentally approachable route toward a physically grounded final unification theory.
Theoretical study of the II-VI solar cells semiconductor material arrangements effect using the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation Tamara Pingki; Dafik Dafik; Bambang Supriadi
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2024): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v8i2.82285

Abstract

Solar cells are electronic devices that function to convert light energy from sun into electrical energy. Solar cells can work well if the materials used are also right so they can absorb light energy to the maximum. The solar cell materials used in this study are II-VI semiconductors, there are CdS (P), CdSe (Q), and CdTe (R). The purpose of this study was to find the combination of materials has the largest transmission coefficient which was analyzed using the Schrodinger equation (analytic) and Matlab R2022a (numeric). The greater the transmission coefficient, the greater the light energy absorbed by the solar cells, so that the generated electrical energy is also greater. The materials are arranged into 3 uniform arrangements and 6 combined arrangements with a maximum electron energy of 1 eV. The results showed that the largest transmission coefficient in the CdS array was 0.9925 at 1.0000 eV, the largest transmission coefficient in the CdSe array was 1.0000 at 0.8140 eV, and the largest transmission coefficient in the CdTe array was 1.0000 at 0.7330 eV. Meanwhile, in the combined arrangement, the biggest transmission value is 0.9823 at 0.9570 eV in the QPR and RPQ arrangements.
Predicting Newtonian cooling with machine learning: a comparative analysis of gradient boosting and random forest models Eko Sulistya
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i2.105932

Abstract

This study investigates the use of artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning models, to predict temperature reduction in Newtonian cooling experiments involving varying volumes of water. Two regression models, Gradient Boosting Regression and Random Forest Regressor, were utilized to learn from empirical data. The findings indicate that both models are capable of accurately predicting cooling behavior, with the Random Forest model demonstrating superior accuracy for the dataset used. The machine learning models effectively represent the theoretical model of Newton’s Law of Cooling, which is characterized by an exponential decay curve. Furthermore, the cooling constant for each volume was estimated using curve fitting techniques. This research underscores the potential of AI in modeling complex physical processes, particularly in real-world scenarios where the relationships between physical variables are intricate and challenging to express analytically. With sufficient data, AI can adeptly predict variable changes based on fluctuations in others. As technology continues to advance, AI is poised to assume an increasingly critical role in experimental and industrial applications involving complex physical systems. The novelty of this study lies in its comparative analysis to identify the optimal machine learning model—Gradient Boosting Regression or Random Forest Regressor—for accurately predicting Newtonian cooling behavior. Additionally, this research introduces an automated data acquisition approach using a datalogger, significantly enhancing precision and practicality compared to traditional manual methods involving a stopwatch and thermometer.
Photon shielding competence of concrete doped CuO for gamma shielding applications Hudu, Salisu; Mustapha, Idris M.; Bello, Sulayman M.; Halimatu, Abdullahi S.; James, Iwa S.; Aisha, Mohammed A.; Ubaidullah, Ahmad
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v8i1.80524

Abstract

In this study, photon attenuation parameters of concrete doped CuO, were determined and their application as shielding material were discussed. The WinXCOM software was used to determine the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of the concrete doped CuO samples (0, 20, 40 60 and 100 wt% CuO content) for the energy range (0.015-15MeV). The linear attenuation coefficient, half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were calculated from the MAC values. The MAC values of the samples decreases rapidly up to 0.12 MeV, and beyond 0.12 MeV, Compton scattering becomes effective at intermediate energies. The LAC value vary with energy in similar way as MAC. The calculated HVL and MFP were observe to  decline  as  the  CuO doping  of  the  glasses  increased  which  accounts  for  the  three  photon interaction mechanisms effectiveness in the variation of HVL and MFP values with energy. The Zeff shows minimal variation as the energy increases in all the concrete doped CuO samples. It can be concluded that doping CuO with concrete can greatly enhance the gamma shielding ability of the sample.
Modified time-dependent linear thermal expansion equation: using Inhomogeneous 1-D heat equation Muhammad Rizka Taufani; Adam Hadiana Aminudin; Endah Nur Syamsiah; Keiichi Yoshua Togatorop
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v9i2.110756

Abstract

The correction factor must be derived from the results of the linear thermal expansion experiment. We have two ways to address this problem: we use the form of polynomials for the linear thermal coefficient, and one must solve the one-dimensional heat diffusion equation. The temperature function that we obtained is the solution for the inhomogeneous differential equation. Using those two, then combine them into a modified linear thermal expansion equation, i.e., the infinitesimal form of the equation, so that we could find the expression for the time-dependent expansion for the metal rod, . We should attempt to reduce the higher-order terms by taking the approximation as our first step in this paper. Finally, the observer may choose a suitable boundary condition for the formula and use the resulting equation as the correction factor.

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