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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
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Articles 459 Documents
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Comprehensive analysis of cutaneous adverse drug reactions during hospitalization: unveiling nuanced complexities and ensuring patient safety Ahangar , Junaid Ahmad; Semira; Qayoom, Seema; Bhat, Mudasir Shafi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i3.462

Abstract

Background: The spectrum of cutaneous drug reactions encompasses a broad range from benign rashes to potentially life-threatening conditions. The present study aims to comprehensively investigate the frequency, type, causality, preventability, and severity of adverse drug reactions (CADRs) occurring during hospitalization. Methods:  Conducted at SKIMS Medical College Hospital over a comprehensive six-month duration, this study systematically monitored the occurrence of cutaneous drug reactions. These reactions' causality, severity, and preventability assessments were meticulously conducted using established classifications such as the Wills and Brown classification, WHO criteria, Hartwig scale, and modified Schumock and Thornton scales. Result and discussion: Involving a cohort of 300 admissions, the study identified an incidence of adverse drug reactions (CADRs) at 8%. Detailed analysis revealed no significant associations between CADRs and gender, drug allergy history, or the number of drugs administered. Notably, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), particularly Dapsone, emerged as the most common drug class associated with cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs), accounting for 41.67% of cases.  Antibiotics, including linezolid (12.5%) and amikacin (12.5%), followed closely. Itching (37.5%), followed by red raised lesions (33.33%), emerged as the predominant reported reactions, showcasing associations with various drugs. Notably, a significant proportion of CADRs were categorized as mild (50%), with 95.83% deemed not preventable. Conclusion:  The prevalence of mild reactions, particularly linked to NSAIDs and antibiotics, underscores the nuanced complexities in drug responses. The research enriches the broader comprehension of adverse drug reactions, underscoring the imperative for meticulous surveillance and scholarly inquiry to elevate patient safety.
Correlational study of Vitamin-D deficiency levels and its severity of community-acquired pneumonia in patients admitted into a tertiary care hospital M, Sai Varun; Mudipalli, Deepthi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.2.51.56

Abstract

Background: Recent studies have emphasized that people who have low levels of Vitamin D are more prone to the development of infectious diseases, particularly of a community-acquired nature, which has differential morbidity and mortality. Aims & objectives: The present study aimed to determine the correlation between different levels of vitamin D deficiency and severity and outcomes in patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. Methods: In this study, the serum level of Vitamin D of 100 consecutively admitted community-acquired pneumonia patients was measured. Depending on the level of Vitamin D deficiency, patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were assessed for severity of illness by CURB-65 score. Results & Discussion: In the study population, out of 100 patients, 82% of the study sample had deficient serum vitamin D levels. In the study sample, 41 patients with higher deficiency levels of serum Vitamin D have severe illness and scored high on CURB- 65, which is in the range of three to four on the scale. 59 patients with low deficiency levels of serum Vitamin D had low scores of one or two on the CURB-65. On severity assessment in patients with severe deficiency of Vitamin D, the mean length of hospital admission was 12.30±8.47 days compared to patients with mild deficiency of Vitamin D, where the average hospital stay was 8.58±4.04 days. Conclusion: As the severity of deficiency of Vitamin D increases, the frequency of CAP increases, and it is also observed that a severe degree of deficiency is associated with severe illness and prolonged hospital stay.
Design and characterization of glimepiride hydrotropic solid dispersion to enhance the solubility and dissolution Lakumalla, Devakamma; Podichety, Neeraja; Maddali, Ravikumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.2.68.78

Abstract

Background: Glimepiride lowers blood sugar levels in the body, and treats type 2 diabetes mellitus. But the main problem with the drug is its low aqueous solubility. The primary purpose of this study is to increase its solubility in an aqueous medium by using amphiphilic hydrotropic agents instead of harmful, volatile organic solvents. Methodology: A solubility study of Glimepiride was carried out using various hydrotropic agents at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. In mixed hydrography, 30% of the hydrotropic agents were chosen for making blends due to their highest solubility. The blend's solubility was raised more than 50 times at fixed concentrations of urea (20%) and sodium acetate (10%) in a mixed hydrotropic solution. The solubility of Glimepiride in distilled water is 0.0038 mg/ml; in 30% urea, 49.512 ug/ml; and in 30% sodium acetate, 40.43 ug/ml. The optimized blend prepared hydrotropic solid dispersions by physical mixing and solvent evaporation. It was evaluated for drug content, FTIR, SEM, X-ray diffraction, and in vitro drug release studies. Finally, the drug release profile of the prepared tablet is compared with an already available consumer product. Result: HSD-5 showed an in-vitro drug release of 84.77±0.44 at 90 min, which is higher than the remaining formulations, and no significant change was found in drug content or drug release after 15, 30, and 45 days of stability studies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed homogenous solid dispersion, crystallinity was determined using X-ray diffraction, and FTIR showed good drug compatibility with carriers. The drug release profile of the prepared tablet was higher than that of the available consumer product. Conclusion: This study revealed that hydrotropic agents can potentially increase glimepiride's solubility and drug release. This approach can effectively enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. 
Evaluation of toxicity studies of Sesbania grandiflora leaves extracts in Wistar albino rats Sharma, Sharad; Semwal, Bhupesh Chander; Mazumder, Avijit
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.42.51

Abstract

Objective: Sesbania grandiflora is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and it is used to treat several disorders. The current investigation aims to analyze the negative consequences of short and long-term administration of hydroalcoholic extract of S. grandiflora leaf in experimental animals.  Materials and Methods:  Acute and subacute toxicity were the two phases in which the entire examination was completed. In phase first, acute toxicity was performed at the dose of (2000, mg/kg) and adverse effect was recorded. However, in sub-acute toxicity the effect of different doses of (1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) were studied for twenty-eight days. Animals were euthanized on the last day of the investigation, and selected internal body organs and samples of the blood were taken from each animal for histological, biochemical, and haematological analysis.  Results:  The result of the current investigation showed that the LD50 of S. grandiflora was observed more than 2000 mg/kg, Furthermore, experimental animals did not experience any mortality or alterations in their behavioral patterns when S. grandiflora was administered repeatedly at 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg or in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg.   Besides this, S. grandiflora also did not significantly modify any of the biochemical or haematological markers, or the histological analyses of selected organs. Conclusion: The results of the above research revealed that the orally administration of S. grandiflora extract did not exhibit any apparent harmful effects in experimental animals. Hence, S. grandiflora could be regarded as a safe and can be used for the therapeutic purpose in human being.
Quantification of oteseconazole in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study Susararla, Krishna Phani Chandra; Shelke, Om; Shorgar, Neetu
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i4.485

Abstract

Background: Oteseconazole is a new molecule launched for human treatment. However, the information is not available in the public domain for analyzing blood samples. This study describes the method development and validation using LC-MS/MS to measure the concentration of Oteseconazole in rat plasma. Methodology: The analysis method was developed using a phenyl column, which was utilized to accomplish separation. Furthermore, the mobile phase was a combination of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water, with a ratio of 30:70 (v/v). The sample was introduced into the system at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate, and the injection volume was 10 μLand analyzed for five minutes using mass spectrometer +ESI mode. Results and discussion: MRM is used to quantify Oteseconazole and Posaconazole by analyzing the transitions of their respective m/z values. The concentration ranges of Oteseconazole were 5-100 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient of Oteseconazole was found to be 0. 999. HQC, MQC, LQC, and LLQC precision and accuracy were determined to be 98.60%, 98.69%, 96.11%, and 94.48%, respectively. Respectively, the accuracy recovery of Oteseconazole was determined to be 97.48%. In pharmacokinetic studies, it was observed that Oteseconazole exhibited an average AUC0-t value of 1386 ng-hr/ml and a Cmax value of 44.864 ng/ml in rats. Conclusion: The validated approach has effectively demonstrated the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of Oteseconazole in Wister rats.
In vitro antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia tora aerial part using different models Chaurasia, Umesh; Soni, Vishal; Sahu, Ram Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.2.79.87

Abstract

Background: Free radicals, harmful by-products of a cell's natural metabolism, are responsible for various health problems. The search for plant-based supplements or medicines is always in high demand, as is the antioxidant activity that contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of plants. Aim: In the present study, the hydroalcoholic extracts from the aerial parts of Cassia tora were used for in vitro analysis of their antioxidant activity. Methods: Six separate assay methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity, i.e., against hydroxyl radical, DPPH, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, and also total flavonoid and phenolic content, were investigated. This was done by standardizing hydroalcoholic extract (70/30 ethanol to water) of Cassia tora and ascorbic acid. Results: Percentage scavenging activity and IC50 value were measured for extract prepared at various concentrations. The results IC50 values were 25.54 µg/ml, 45.04 µg/ml, 36.56 µg/ml, and 97.61 µg/ml for DPPH, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and nitric oxide, respectively. Subsequently, the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract obtained was 1.927±0.73 mg GAE/gm and 1.018±0.29 mg QE/gm, respectively. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia tora contains more phytoconstituents. This suggests it has a wide range of medicinal antioxidant properties that make it helpful in treating many diseases. With the increasing demand for safer herbal treatments, scientific efforts in this field are making significant contributions and advances and supporting innovation.
Correlational study of Hyperbilirubinemia as a diagnostic predictor for perforation in acute appendicitis Papanaidu, Rishi; Chinta, Priyanka
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.2.88.92

Abstract

Background: Appendicitis is an acute and life-threatening situation if not treated promptly encountered in surgery practice. Even today, most cases of appendicitis are diagnosed by clinical findings and imaging. Scanty information is available to diagnose the perforation of the appendix using serological tests; hence, an attempt is made. The present study aimed to find out the correlation of hyperbilirubinemia as a diagnostic predictor for perforation in acute appendicitis patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted among patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis attending OPD of the general surgery department of Narayana Medical College Hospital. The duration of the study is between January 2023 and December 2023. A total of 400 patients with a diagnosis of either acute appendicitis or perforation were recruited into the study, and they collected blood samples for estimation of hyperbilirubinemia. Results: In the study population of 400 patients, 72 cases were diagnosed as appendicular perforation, and 328 patients had acute appendicitis. The cut-off value of hyperbilirubinemia was taken as serum bilirubin >1.0 mg/dl. Out of 72 cases of appendicular perforations, 64 patients have hyperbilirubinemia (89%), while in the acute appendicitis patients group, 82 of 328 patients have elevated serum bilirubin (25%). The observed mean values of serum bilirubin in the two groups were 1.74 and 0.89, and the difference in the standard error of the mean value of the two groups is statistically significant at a P-value of <0.001. Conclusions: Patients who presented with acute appendicitis symptoms and had serum bilirubin values >1.0 mg/dl had a higher probability of appendicular perforation. Hence, measuring serum bilirubin can be considered an additional diagnostic tool to existing clinical diagnosis and radiological evaluation for more precision in diagnosis.
Design and evaluation of cost-effective oro-dispersible tablets of venlafaxine hydrochloride by effervescent method Mahale, Sunita; Tayde, Manisha; Ahire, Yogita G; Dhikale, Rupali S; Gulecha, Vishal S
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i3.501

Abstract

Background: Venlafaxine hydrochloride (VFH) is an antidepressant drug with poor bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism. Objective: In the present study, oro-dispersible VFH tablets were prepared using an effervescent method to enhance patient compliance using a design of experiment (DoE) approach. Methods: A two-factor, three-level 32 full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of two formulation variables: the amount of treated agar and effervescent material (mixture of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid) on disintegration time and %drug release (Critical quality attributes). Treated agar (12-18%w/w) was used as a disintegrant, and a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid (12-16%w/w) was used as effervescent material along with directly compressible excipients to enhance mouth feel. The association between the factors and responses was established by plotting response surfaces and contour plots. A 3D surface plot was used further to evaluate the responses to the factors. Prepared tablets were evaluated for wetting time, hardness, friability, thickness, drug content uniformity, and disintegration time. In vitro, drug release studies and stability studies were also performed. Results: The tablet formulation containing 17.5% w/w treated agar and 16%w/w mixture of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid was found to be a promising formulation with a disintegration time of 27 seconds and in vitro drug release of 97.38% (in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8). Conclusion: The use of effervescent material was found to be useful for taste masking as well as patient compliance.
Investigating the role of sesamol in promoting the healing of diabetic wounds by analyzing molecular expression patterns in human diabetic dermal fibroblasts. Beegum, Fathima; P V, Anuranjana; George, krupa thankam; K P, Divya; Begum, Farmiza; Krishnadas, Nandakumar; Rekha R Shenoy
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i3.505

Abstract

Background: Sesamol (3,4-methylenedioxyphenol) is one of the plant compounds tested in vivo for diabetic wound healing, normal wound healing, and dexamethasone-induced delayed wound healing. Elucidation of mechanisms underlying the wound healing effect of sesamol through modulation of various molecular and cellular pathways is the crux of this paper. Objectives: The objective of the current work was to uncover the mechanism of sesamol underlying the treatment of diabetic wounds using gene expression analysis. Methods: The cytotoxicity assay was performed using an SRB colorimetric assay, from which two doses were selected for further studies. The expression of various molecular markers was performed using RT-PCR. Results: An SRB assay was carried out to identify the safe concentration of molecules in HDDF cell lines. Two doses that showed more than 80 % viability were selected and used for gene expression analysis. It was observed that sesamol enhanced the expression of VEGF, TGFβ, AKT, JNK, ERK, and TIMP3 significantly (P≤0.001, P≤0.05, P≤0.001, P≤0.0001) when compared to control and significantly (P≤0.0001) downregulated the expression of MMP2, MMP-9 when compared to control, which promote wound healing in diabetes. The migration studies also showed a significant increase when compared to the control. Conclusion: Sesamol (SM) is a promising molecule that can accelerate wound healing in diabetes by modulating different markers involved in the process.
Evaluation of the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties of bael fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in rats Garg, Deepak; Sharma, Amit; Pragi; Kumar , Varun
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i3.524

Abstract

Background: Bael is well-known for its antibacterial properties. Aqueous fruit extracts have also been shown to have hepatoprotective properties; the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective properties of Ethanolic extracts have not yet been tested. Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of Bael against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. Methods: Two dosages of Bael's Ethanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) were compared with 100 mg/kg of silymarin. Histopathologic alterations of the liver and kidney, as well as biochemical blood parameters such as bilirubin, urea, uric acid, total protein and creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were examined and assessed. Results: Bael was more successful in lowering high levels of urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, and ALP when he used a 200 mg/kg/day methanol extract. According to the histopathologic assessment, Bael lessened the CCl4-induced hepatic and renal necrosis. The more significant dose resulted in reductions in AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, and bilirubin of 45,25, 52,36, and 16%, respectively. Ethanolic extract 200 mg/kg/day also shows a reduction in elevated levels of Creatinine, Urea, Uric Acid, and Total Protein by 57%, 52%, 34%, and 9%, respectively. Conclusion: There were established hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of the Bael fruit methanol extract, with 200 mg/kg/day being the most beneficial dose. This provides scientific proof that medicinal herbs like Bael can be used to treat renal and liver diseases.

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