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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 459 Documents
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Mechanical and dissolution properties of Eudragit L100 and S100 films in buffer solutions Ambudkar, Vaibhav Jindas; Chauhan, Rashmi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1054

Abstract

Background: Methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) affect the mechanical and dissolution properties of enteric polymers, such as Eudragit L100 and S100. Their composition determines polymer flexibility, strength, and solubility, which are critical for pharmaceutical enteric coatings. This study examines the impact of the MAA: MMA ratio on the mechanical and dissolution properties of Eudragit L100 (1:1) and Eudragit S100 (1:2) films. Methodology: Mechanical testing assessed stiffness, tensile strength, and flexibility. Dissolution studies evaluated solubility at different pH levels, measuring peak dissolution rates. Results and Discussion: Eudragit L100, with more MAA, was stiffer and more brittle, while Eudragit S100 had higher tensile strength but reduced flexibility. Acidic conditions weakened both, due to water interactions with MAA. Eudragit L100 dissolved rapidly at pH 7.2 (90% mass loss in 60 min, peak 30.4 mg/g·min at 10 min), whereas Eudragit S100 showed minimal dissolution at lower pH, but dissolved significantly at pH 8.0 (64.5% at 180 min, peak 6.7 mg/g·min at 30 min). Larger dissolution volumes, maintained concentration gradients, enhancing dissolution, while high-capacity buffers stabilized pH and improved solubility. Conclusion: MAA: MMA composition critically affects the mechanical and dissolution properties of Eudragit L100 and S100, with concentration gradients playing a key role in dissolution, informing their application in enteric coatings.
Scientific perspectives on Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS): A comprehensive review for sentience after early 2025 GBS outbreak in an Indian state Patil, Sarika J; Bhosale, Rohit R; Chavan, Dhanashri D; Yadav, Akshay R; Patil, Swapnil S
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1091

Abstract

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute, self-limiting, and rare neurological disorder wherein the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system (PNS). A report, published in February 2025 by the Indian newspaper ‘The Times of India’, highlighted a significant outbreak of GBS in the Indian state of Maharashtra, owing to the Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infection. The surge in cases has been considered as one of the most significant recorded GBS outbreaks globally, which underscores the need to raise GBS awareness. Method: This article provides an in-depth scientific perspective on GBS, drawing on literature from scientific databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. It aims to enhance awareness among science-related students, researchers, medical and paramedical professionals, and the general public. Result and discussion: GBS is an acute polyneuropathy characterized by limb weakness with hyporeflexia or areflexia. In severe forms, respiratory and bulbar paralysis can occur, requiring mechanical ventilatory support. It is the commonest cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis. The basic underlying mechanism of the disease is a localized attack against the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots, with secondary axonal damage. It is believed that the bacterial antigens have a close molecular mimicry with neural antigens. As a result, the response generated against these antigens cross-reacts with the neural cells. Plasma exchange, immunoglobulin infusion, and plasmapheresis are the mainstays of treatment for GBS. Conclusion: A thorough understanding of GBS is essential, including its pathophysiology, underlying causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and the latest advancements.
RP-HPLC method for quantitative estimation of naftifine hydrochloride in formulated products: development and validation Shinde, Kajal Sunil; Jangme, Chandraprabhu Motichand; Patil , Abhinandan Raosaheb
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1115

Abstract

Background: Naftifine hydrochloride is an allylamine antifungal agent commonly used to treat dermatophyte infections. It inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in ergosterol biosynthesis, thereby disrupting the integrity of the fungal cell membrane. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds, and is typically formulated as a 1% topical cream or gel. Methodology: A rapid and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of naftifine hydrochloride in a topical cream formulation (2% Naftifast, Zydus),  in accordance with ICH and FDA guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Inertsil ODS column using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 35% acetonitrile, 40% methanol, 25% water, and 0.8% triethylamine (pH adjusted to 5.5 with acetic acid) at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. Detection was performed at 265 nm. Results and Discussion: Naftifine hydrochloride showed a retention time of approximately 4.0 minutes with a total run time of 6.0 minutes. The method displayed excellent linearity over a concentration range of 20–120 µg/mL (R² > 0.999). Recovery studies indicated a mean recovery of 100.4%. Precision was confirmed by relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 2%, demonstrating the method’s reproducibility. Conclusion: The proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, precise, and time-efficient. It is suitable for routine quality control of naftifine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms due to its short analysis time and strong validation performance.
Neuroprotective potential of methanolic leaf extracts of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus on scopolamine-induced amnesia in swiss albino mice Mishra, Vishwambhar; Chauhan, Bhupendra; Chaudhri, Sanjiv Kumar; Deepika Rani
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1139

Abstract

Background: The primary reason for memory loss is Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition in specific brain parts. This study aims to illustrate the relative enhancement of memory, along with the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of methanolic leaf extracts from Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus in scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Methodology: Methanolic extracts of the leaves of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus were evaluated for their effects on scopolamine-induced impaired learning and memory in Swiss albino mice using behavioral animal models, including the Morris water maze (MWM), elevated plus maze (EPM), and object recognition task (ORT). Antioxidants such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also assessed at different doses, i.e., 200 and 400 mg/Kg of methanolic extracts of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus, as well as their combinations. Results and Discussion: The various doses of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus methanolic leaf extracts significantly modified scopolamine effects in experimental animals. Extracts significantly decreased escape latency (ELT) in the MWM test. Inflexion ratio (IR) in the EPM test was significantly raised by extracts, as well as the discrimination index (DI) in ORT. The SOD and GPx levels were significantly enhanced whereas TBARS significantly reduced by extracts. The significant reduced level of AChE was reported in extract treated mice. The extracts from both plants exhibited significant results at different doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and combination of both plant extracts (MCel+MCal 400) at 400mg/kg dose showed most significant result. Conclusion: The results revealed that methanolic leaf extracts of Celosia cristata and Callistemon citrinus hold potent antiamnesic effects.
Chromatographic profiling of leniolisib impurities using HPLC and LC-MS/MS: degradation behaviour, structural characterization, and in-silico toxicity evaluation Gunupati, Rahul; Tulasi, S. Lakshmi; Shaik, Rasheed Babu; Lakshmi, L. Bhagya; Tangeti, Venkata Swamy
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1143

Abstract

Background: This study presents a comprehensive analytical investigation of leniolisib, focusing on impurity profiling, degradation kinetics, structural characterization, and in silico toxicity prediction of degradation products (DPs). Methodology: A systematic approach was employed to optimize the analytical method for leniolisib and its impurities, along with LC–MS/MS-based identification and in-silico toxicity prediction of DPs. Result and Discussion: Method optimized as Waters Symmetry C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase (methanol: sodium acetate buffer, 55:45 v/v) at 0.90 mL/min with UV detection at 229 nm. Leniolisib was most susceptible to acid and oxidative stress, resulting in 31.24% and 39.58% degradation, respectively. Pseudo-first-order kinetics was observed with rate constants of 0.0329 h⁻¹ (acidic) and 0.0414 h⁻¹ (oxidative), with half life of 21.08 h and 16.73 h. LC–MS/MS elucidates the identities of major DPs that enable the proposed degradation pathways. The MS/MS characterization confirms DP 1  with a formula of C13H15N5O with a mass of 257 g/mol, whereas DP 2, 3, and 4 were identified to have formulas of C20H26N6O2, C13H12F3N5O, and C17H19F3N6O with masses of 382, 311, and 380 g/mol, respectively. The In-silico toxicity predictions show DP 1 (LD₅₀ = 500 mg/kg) and DP 2 (729 mg/kg) as moderate toxicity (class 4), DP 4 shows the least toxicity (class 5, LD₅₀ = 1750 mg/kg), whereas DP3 shows the highest toxicity (class 3, LD₅₀ = 250 mg/kg). Conclusion: The developed method and accompanying data provide a critical foundation for routine quality control, stability testing, and regulatory submissions for leniolisib-based formulations.
Formulation, designing and evaluation of gastro-retentive floating microspheres using silymarin, curcumin and piperine for hepatoprotection Badewale, Misbah Sultana Abdul Kausar; Tegeli, Varsha Siddheswar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1167

Abstract

Background: Curcumin, Silymarin, and Piperine are natural phytoconstituents with proven hepatoprotective effects; however, their therapeutic efficacy is limited by poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. A gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system offers a strategic approach to enhance gastric residence time and improve absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methodology: Floating microspheres were developed using the solvent evaporation technique with Ethyl Cellulose and Eudragit RS 100 as polymers. A series of trial formulations was statistically optimized using Design Expert® software. The microspheres were evaluated for particle size, buoyancy, entrapment efficiency, drug release profile, and stability. Results and Discussion: The optimized formulation (Batch F3) demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency (>98%) and sustained buoyancy of 95.94% over 8-hour. At the end of 12 hours, cumulative drug release was 66.24% for Curcumin, 68.21% for Silymarin, and 72.82% for Piperine. Drug release followed zero-order kinetics, with the best model fit (R² = 0.9938) observed for Piperine. SEM images confirmed the presence of spherical and uniform microspheres. The formulation remained stable for 90 days under ICH Q1A(R2) conditions. Conclusion: The developed microspheres offer a promising gastroretentive system for controlled delivery of hepatoprotective agents, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes for liver-related disorders.
Pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and in vitro bioassay studies of Osbeckia stellata Buch-ham. leaves Bordoloi, Chayanika; Bora, Nilutpal Sharma; Laloo, Damiki
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1199

Abstract

Background: Osbeckia stellata (Os) is a medicinally significant herb that is consumed for the treatment of various diseases, including skin diseases, diabetes, diarrhea, cancer, asthma, arthritis, dysentery, leukoderma, hypertension, jaundice, malaria, rheumatism, spondylitis, and tuberculosis, as well as inflammation and wound healing. Methodology: This study standardizes the plant of Os by accepted practices. Os leaves have been examined physicochemically, phytochemically, microscopically, and morphologically. Extracts were reviewed for both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical examination, and in vitro bioassays were also evaluated. Results: Diagnostic traits, such as xylem arteries, trichomes with cover, and anomocytic stomata, were identified in the histological study. Nutritional profiling revealed fiber content (48.1 ± 0.99 mg/100 g). Heavy metal analysis revealed that Pb, Hg, Sn, Sb, Cd, Cu, and As were within the permissible limits. Pesticide residues were verified with ICP-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant studies of different extracts show IC₅₀ values 1003.35±0.23, 152.11±0.1, 192.12±0.14, 111.79±0.06, and 982.49±0.31 (μg/ml) as compared to standard 130.54±0.03 and 330.86±0.09 (μg/ml). Antimicrobial assay studies show the Zone of Inhibition by different extracts is 26.00 ± 1.20, 17.00 ± 0.60, 18.66 ± 0.58, 22.33 ± 1.52, 6.33 ± 0.58 (mm) as compared to the standard 38.00 ± 1.00, 35.00 ± 1.35, 22.00 ± 1.00, 41.00 ± 1.00, 30.66 ± 1.54(mm). Discussion: The methanol extract of Os has total phenols and total tannins of 120.04±5.97 and 123.0±1.52 (mg/g TAE), respectively, which is high in quantity and is reported to possess high antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.  Conclusion: This study concludes that the quality control parameters for Os are essential for promoting its use in pharmaceutical applications.
Neuroprotective insights into Agave cantala: dual modulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by phytochemicals through integrated in silico and in vitro approaches Selvi, P. Thamarai; R Srinivasan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1202

Abstract

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are strongly associated with chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants offer promising multitarget therapeutic potential. Objective: This study evaluated the dual therapeutic activity of phytochemicals from Agave cantala in modulating neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Methodology: Bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS, focusing on delphinidin, tigogenin, Agavasaponin_H, and Agavasaponin_E. Molecular docking was performed to assess their binding affinity toward inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by measuring TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Results and Discussion: Docking studies revealed strong interactions of delphinidin and tigogenin with TNF-α and IL-6, suggesting effective inhibition. In vitro, delphinidin reduced TNF-α and IL-6 production by up to 81% and 75%, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Tigogenin and the saponins also showed notable cytokine suppression. The Agave cantala extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, achieving 78.3% radical scavenging in the DPPH assay at 100 μg/mL. These results indicate that the identified phytochemicals modulate key inflammatory and oxidative pathways, supporting their multitarget action. Conclusion: The integrated in silico and in vitro data highlight Agave cantala phytochemicals, especially delphinidin and tigogenin, as promising candidates for managing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Further in vivo validation and pharmacokinetic profiling are recommended to support their clinical potential.
Development and in vitro evaluation of liquid crystal-based polyherbal hair gels: physicochemical characterization, hair performance, and antioxidant assessment David, Sheba R; Rajabalaya, Rajan; Mohamed Jefri , Umi Haida Nadia
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1225

Abstract

Background: A liquid crystal (LC) based polyherbal hair gel was developed to enhance physicochemical stability and functional performance in topical hair care. The objective was to integrate herbal oils (flaxseed, coconut, and almond) and aqueous extracts (green tea, keratin hydrolysate, and pea peptide), known for their moisturizing, antioxidant, follicle-protective, and anti-frizz effects, into a stable gel matrix for scalp care and conditioning. Methodology: Ten formulations (F1–F10) incorporating flaxseed, coconut, and almond oils with green tea, marula extract (Sclerocarya birrea), keratin hydrolysate, and pea extract were prepared via coacervation, vortex mixing, and high-pressure homogenization. The gels were evaluated for their organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, particle size (as determined by dynamic light scattering, DLS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Polarized Light Microscopy and FTIR characterized structural features. Functional performance was evaluated by in vitro studies on hair diameter and weight changes, as well as anti-frizz, anti-static, and antioxidant (DPPH) activities. Results and Discussion: Formulation F6 showed optimal nanometric characteristics (186.47 ± 1.90 nm, PDI 0.351 ± 0.01, zeta potential −35.9 mV), indicating stable colloidal dispersion. FTIR and microscopy confirmed molecular compatibility and mesophase birefringence. In vitro assessments revealed marked improvement in hair thickness for F6 and F9, with superior anti-frizz and anti-static performance for F4 and F9. Antioxidant activity was moderate compared to Trolox. F4 and F6 maintained stability over 28 days at different temperatures. Conclusion: F4 and F6 demonstrated superior in vitro performance and stability, suggesting promise as cosmeceutical hair care candidates. In vivo and clinical studies are required to confirm efficacy and long-term safety.
Development of abemaciclib-encapsulated nanosponges for breast cancer: optimization, drug release kinetics, and in vitro efficacy Bolledla, Nirosha; Bakshi, Vasudha
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i4.1234

Abstract

Background: Abemaciclib (ABC) is a new, orally administered pharmaceutical agent authorised for the purpose of combating breast cancer. The drug's low bioavailability necessitates dosing two to three times daily, which may reduce patient compliance. To lessen the severity of side effects and prolong the duration of action, sustained-release formulations are required. Developing an ABC sustained-release nanoparticle system was the primary goal of this study. Methodology: Both the sustained-release polymer (EC) and the surfactant (KP-188) were derived from ethyl cellulose, in an emulsion-solvent diffusion synthesis of nanosponges (NS). We examined the impact of varying surfactant concentrations and drug-to-polymer ratios on PS, PDI, ZP, %EE, %DL, particle size, drug loading, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. Results and Discussion: The optimized formulation (F11) achieved an entrapment efficiency of 86.52±0.25% and a cumulative drug release of 77.12% over 24 hours. The drug release followed a sustained pattern over 24 hours. It best fits the Higuchi kinetic model, which indicates that drug diffusion was the primary mechanism of release from the matrix system. The MTT experiment demonstrated that ABC might be a viable cytotoxic nanocarrier for breast cancer cells from humans, specifically MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. On top of that, following contact with storage settings of 25, 5, and 45 °C for six months, ABC maintained its drug release property with no modification in the percentage release. Conclusion: This study shows that the created NS could effectively transport and release ABC, amplifying its impact in the battle against breast cancer.

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