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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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The Radical Scavenging Activity and Thermal Stability of Cinnamon Extract-Loaded Nanoparticles Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad; Joel Garcia Juvinal; Koen Dewettinck
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v35i1.37921

Abstract

The cinnamon extract-loaded nanoparticles with high phenolic content and antioxidant activity were successfully developed in a previous study. This study aimed to investigate the radical scavenging activity in 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl system and stability of the nanoparticles under heat treatment. This study is important for directing the application of the nanoparticles in foods in the future. The thermal stability test was conducted using two different methods, which were the combination of relatively lower temperature (20-100°C) with a long time treatment (up to 120 hours) and the combination of relatively higher temperature (110-150°C) with a short time treatment (equal to or less than 2 hours). The results show that the cinnamon extract-loaded nanoparticles exhibited a radical scavenging activity. The higher proportion of cinnamon loading resulted in the higher radical scavenging activity of the nanoparticles. The thermal treatment caused a significant degradation on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the nanoparticles. The energy activation (Ea) of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity was found at 35.17 kJ mol-1 and 27.91 kJ mol-1, respectively. This study suggests that the cinnamon extract-loaded nanoparticles might be preferably incorporated into foods minimally involving heat exposure during their manufacture.
Effects of Harvesting Period on Phytochemicals of Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum, WK 1204 Variety) Babita Adhikari; Sanil Joshi; Bunty Maskey
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.52076

Abstract

Wheatgrass is a plethora of essential phytochemicals considered to exhibit numerous benefits on human health. Therefore, the study of phytochemicals with varying stages of growth is essential. This study aims to determine the optimum harvesting period of wheatgrass based on its phytochemical content. During the growth of wheat seed (WK 1204 variety), the phytochemicals such as chlorophyll, total phenol content, flavonoids and tannins were extracted by 80% acetone and 80% methanol from wheatgrass harvested on days 6, 7, 8, 9 12 and 15, respectively. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, chlorophyll and flavonoid contents significantly (p<0.05) increased and reached the maximum level on day 9. Total phenol content was found to be increasing significantly (p<0.05), while the tannin content was decreasing considerably (p<0.05) on day 15. The optimum harvesting period was found on day 9. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, chlorophyll and flavonoid content significantly (p<0.05) increased and reached the maximum level, i.e., 92.27±1.92%, 6.63±0.053 mg g-1 and 183.64±33.49 mg QE g-1, respectively, on day 9 of cultivation. The total phenol content was found to be increasing significantly (p<0.05) from 291.67±5.69 mg GAE g-1 on day 6 to 446.67±5.77 mg GAE g-1 on day 15, while the tannin content was declining significantly (p<0.05) from 11.74±0.29 mg GAE g-1 on days 6, 7 and so on to 3.36±0.47 mg GAE g-1 on day 15. Therefore, the optimum harvesting period of wheatgrass was found to be day 9 in terms of phytochemical analysis.
The Alternative Media Supporting the Protocorm and Plantlet Growth of the Indonesian Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) Grown In Vitro Rindang Dwiyani; Yuyun Fitriani; Ixora Sartika Mercuriani
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.55956

Abstract

Due to the high cost of the most often used basic media in tissue culture, it is vital to identify more affordable alternatives. This research aimed to determine the best alternative culture media for the protocorm and plantlet growth of Coelogyne pandurata Lindl. It employed a completely randomized design, eight treatments and four replications. The treatments referred to the different types media and consisted of M1 = New Phalaenopsis (NP) medium, M2 = a medium made from foliar fertilizer (FFM), M3 = NP + 2 cc L-1 AB mix solution (a media for hydroponics), M4 = FFM + 2 cc L-1 AB mix solution, M5 = NP + 50 cc L-1 of tomato extract, M6 = NP + 50 cc L-1 of bean sprout extract, M7 = FFM + 50 cc L-1 of tomato extract and M8 = FFM + 50 cc L-1 of bean sprout extract. The M4 medium exhibited the best results in terms of average leaves count (4.80), average shoot length (2.68 cm), average root length (4.35 cm), the average fresh weight per plantlet (214.5 mg) and dry weight of plantlets (73.1 mg). The average number of roots per plantlet was 4.25, acquired using the less expensive M8 treatment, which also produces a negligible number of leaves (4.50). In conclusion, the M4 medium is the most appropriate medium for growing protocorm and plantlet of C. pandurata. The experiment also found that the FFM basic medium combined with 50 cc L-1 of bean sprout extract can be used as another cheaper alternative for growing protocorms of C. pandurata.
Agricultural Land Evaluation Using GIS-Based Matching Method in Highland Areas for Oil Palm Cultivation Muhammad Rendana; Sahibin Abdul Rahim; Wan Mohd Razi Idris; Zulfahmi Ali Rahman; Tukimat Lihan
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.57441

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the commodity crops and is mostly found in tropical lands. This study aimed to analyze the current and potential land suitability for oil palm using the geographic information system (GIS) technique. The study was conducted in the Ranau District, Sabah State, Malaysia. Field activity was carried out to collect soil samples and land information in the study area. Land suitability was then assessed using the matching method and GIS software was employed to produce a land suitability map for oil palm. The results indicated that the current land suitability classes in the study area were highly suitable (S1) with a total area of 99,118 ha (27.4%); moderately suitable (S2) with 110,108 ha (30.4%); marginally suitable (S3) with 109,533 ha (30.2%); currently not suitable (N1) with 2,728 ha (0.7%) and permanently not suitable (N2) with 40,693 ha (11.3%). Meanwhile, the potential land suitability classes showed 198,206 ha (54.7%) for S1; 123,281 ha (34%) for S2 and 40,693 ha (11.3%) for N2. Suitable areas that could be planted with oil palm included the gently sloping flank and the low gradient slope margin. Availability of nutrients and work capability were the dominant limiting factors in the study area. The outputs of this study recommend that the Ranau District has the potential for oil palm although it still needs land improvements for sustainable oil palm cultivation.
Overcoming Major Environmental and Production Challenges in Cattle Owned by Smallholder Farmers in the Tropics Heather M. Burrow
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.56566

Abstract

The world’s population is expected to increase significantly by 2050, leading to significantly increased demands for meat and dairy products. However, cattle are major emitters of greenhouse gases that speed up climate change. To achieve food security by 2050, livestock enterprises need to double their outputs from constant resources, in the face of increased competition for inputs such as land, water, grain and labour. To cope with climate change, the livestock need to be productive under hotter and drier climates and be able to tolerate increased challenges from parasites and vector-borne diseases. The best way for smallholder cattle farmers in tropical low-medium income countries to overcome these multiple challenges is to focus on improving the productivity of their herds. This paper discusses a range of simple and cost-effective options already available to smallholder farmers to significantly improve the productivity and profitability of their herds and by doing so, they will indirectly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from their cattle and improve the natural resource base on which their cattle graze. Improved herd productivity will in turn deliver significant social, environmental, economic and livelihood benefits to the smallholder farmers themselves and the communities and value chains in which they operate.
Application of Silica Nutrients Improves Plant Growth and Biomass Production of Paddy under Saline Conditions Nasrudin Nasrudin; Arrin Rosmala; Rachmanto Bambang Wijoyo
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.43425

Abstract

Salinity makes disorder to plant physiological causes decreasing in biomass production. Applying silica nutrients is expected to increase paddy (Oryza sativa L.) tolerance to salinity. The study aims to examine the effects of the application of silica nutrients under saline conditions regarding plant growth analysis and its correlation to paddy biomass production. The research was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was NaCl concentrations consisting of four levels, including non-saline, 4 dS m-1, 8 dS m-1 and 12 dS m-1. The second factor was silica doses per kg soil with three levels including 300 mg, 450 mg and 600 mg. The treatments were repeated three times. The result showed that the NaCl concentration affected root shoot ratio at harvest. Silica dosage affected leaf area index 8 weeks after planting (WAP), root shoot ration at harvest and net assimilation rate. Interaction of NaCl concentration and silica dose affected root shoot ratio in 8 WAP and at harvest. Plant growth analysis illustrated on leaf area index, plant growth rate and root shoot ratio correlated positively with biomass production. However, the harvest index and net assimilation rate showed negative correlations to biomass production. The application of silica nutrients had the potential to improve paddy growth and yield under saline conditions.
Reconciling the Issues of Shifting and Permanent Cultivation: An Empirical Study of Mizoram, Eastern Extension of Himalaya, India Vishwambhar Prasad Sati
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.59407

Abstract

Mizoram is an underdeveloped state where agriculture, dominated by shifting cultivation is the main occupation and a source of income for nearly half of the population. Therefore, this study aimed to examine ‘whether the shifting cultivation is economically viable, or whether permanent cultivation instead has the potential to boost up income and economy of the rural farming community in Mizoram’. To address these questions, a household-level survey was conducted in 2018 based on a case study of 16 villages, comprising two each from eight districts. A purposive random sampling method was applied to select households and a structured questionnaire was developed with questions pertaining to various aspects of shifting and permanent cultivation. Mizoram only has approximately 5% of arable land, of which shifting cultivation accounts for more than 50%. In the past, the output from shifting cultivation was able to feed the farming communities called Jhumias but the area, production and productivity of the crops have recently decreased considerably. This is primarily accountable for the increasing food needs and decreasing crop production, as well as climate variability, land ownership rights and lifestyle change. Meanwhile, the production and productivity of crops grown using permanent cultivation are comparatively higher. It is then suggested that land rights for Jhumias need to be protected for permanent cultivation. The addition of value by commercializing crops will enhance income and effectively boost the economy.
The Utilization of Coconut Coir as Supplementary Feed for Beef Cattle Production Nuswantara, Limbang Kustiawan; Sunarso, Sunarso; Arifin, Mukh; Setiadi, Agus
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.55136

Abstract

High feed price is a major problem in the production of beef cattle. Therefore, this study aims to determine coconut coir's technical and economic potential for beef cattle feed. This is an in vivo and in vitro study that involved 95 days trial period and 16 male Brahman crossbreed cattle weighing 134±12.1 kg. The coconut coir was fermented using buffalo rumen liquid and was termed fermented coconut coir (FCC). A randomized block design was used in this research, including four feed treatments, namely complete feed D1 using 15% FCC, D2 using 20% FCC, D3 using 25% FCC and D4 using 30% FCC. The parameters observed were technical performance (protein, dry and organic matter intake), ruminal fermentability, purine derivatives and economic performance. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test for posthoc multiple comparisons. The results showed that the intake of beef cattle feed D1, D2 and D3 was higher than D4. Furthermore, the digestibility of D1, D2 and D4 was higher than D3. The purine derivatives of D2 were the highest but not significantly different (P > 0.05) from D1 and D4. In addition, the ruminal fermentability was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Moreover, the beef cattle feed on D2 had the best economic performance. The performance results showed that ruminal fermentability, purine derivatives and economic performance of D2 (20% FCC) gave the best results but were not statistically different (P > 0.05) from other variables. Conclusively, coconut coir can be used as beef cattle feed without causing health problems.
The Effects of Different Undergrowth Vegetation on the Types and Densities of Functional Ground-Dwelling Arthropods in Citrus Orchards Inagaki, Hidehiro; Yuto, Saruta; Daiki, Yoto
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.56991

Abstract

In agricultural lands, citrus orchards, pest feeding and weed seed predation by ground-dwelling arthropods are essential ecosystem services. This research aims to investigate the effects of different undergrowth vegetation, including weed area, bare land, rattail fescue and white clover fields, on the types and densities of functional ground-dwelling arthropods in citrus orchards, using pitfall traps. The captured organisms included carnivorous beetles (Pheropsophus jessoensis, Chlaenius naeviger and Dolichus halensis), wolf spiders (Lycosidae sp.), earwigs (Anisolabididae sp.), house centipedes (Scutigeromorpha sp.), herbivorous ground beetles (Amara sp., Harpalinae sp.), crickets and millipedes. Furthermore, the population of the functional ground-dwelling arthropods was significantly increased by the presence of a live mulch, where a higher number was seen in the rattail fescue or white clover compared to the weed or bare land fields. The cover crops also affected the types of arthropods identified, with the rattail fescue field including more Pheropsophus jessoensis while the white clover had an elevated number of wolf spiders, earwigs and Amara sp. (a weed seed predator). This discovery indicates that the type of undergrowth vegetation plays an important role in enhancing functional biodiversity. The kind of pests and weeds that these arthropods are effective against, as well as the extent to which their densities can be decreased, is also unknown. Therefore, further research on the feeding habit and predation of these arthropods should be conducted.
Evaluation of Toxicity of Some Tropical Flora, Clay and Permethrin against Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. on Stored Maize Grains Kingsley Chidi Emeasor; Victor Nkwachi Nwakanma; David Nwazuo Enyiukwu
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 37, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v37i1.54213

Abstract

Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) is a vital arthropod pest of maize (Zea mays L.) grains and flours in traditional storage systems. The pest bore holes into stored grains reducing their nutrient contents germination potentials and contaminating produce with frass. Its control using synthetic insecticides such as permethrin is being downplayed due to eco-mammalian toxicity from pesticide residues. Therefore, this study evaluates the toxicities of some indigenous plants Ageratum conyzoides L., Cymbopogon nardus L., clay and permethrin, under laboratory conditions to the insect pest. Maize grains weighing 50 g were treated with the plant powders and the synthetic insecticide at five different levels 0.00; 1.25; 2.50; 3.75 and 5.00 g. Subsequently, 10 adult weevils in each vial were used to infest the 50 g maize grains. Each plant powder and permethrin's effectiveness was assessed by recording weevil mortality at 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment. The damage indices recorded by the weevil perforation index (WPI), percentage of perforated and unperforated grains, and weight loss percentage were also considered. Permethrin proved most toxic, followed by clay at 5.00 g among all the treatments. A. conyzoides and C. nardus were less effective in controlling S. zeamais. In conclusion, clay can be used in the integrated management of S. zeamais to minimize synthetic insecticides.

Page 38 of 49 | Total Record : 485

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