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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Exploring Agricultural Resilience in Volcano-Prone Regions: A Case Study from Mount Merapi, Indonesia Zuhud Rozaki; Mohd Fauzi Kamarudin; Ammar Abdul Aziz; Masateru Senge
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.72390

Abstract

Mount Merapi, one of Indonesia’s most active and dangerous volcanoes, experienced a devastating eruption in 2010, causing numerous fatalities and widespread damage to homes and land, especially in areas vulnerable to the volcano’s activity. Despite the inherent risks, many farmers continue to cultivate the region’s land. This study examines the resilience of farmers in the Mount Merapi area in light of the persistent volcanic activity. Employing a qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews and field observations, the research reveals that farmers’ resilience is shaped by their individual experiences and the contributions of government, private sector, and community actors. Long-term residence in the area has equipped farmers with the knowledge and confidence required to navigate the risks and hazards associated with the volcano. Farmers prioritize their safety but also focus on safeguarding their livestock and other essential resources, which are integral to their livelihoods. The local community is instrumental in supporting farmers and residents in disaster-prone zones, while external organizations offer additional advantages to farmers’ lives. The study proposes that a collaborative effort among all stakeholders is essential for maintaining farmers’ livelihoods in areas susceptible to volcanic activity.
Value Chain Analysis of the Broiler Industry in the Southern Sector of Ghana Edward Ebo Onumah; Sarah Naa Okailey Mensah; Prince Addey Owusu; Amos Mensah; Peter Boamah Otokunor
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.74187

Abstract

The livestock subsector especially broiler production plays a significant role in the livelihood and food security in Ghana. Several researchers in developing nations have employed value chain methodologies to investigate the linkages and the interactions of the various actors in the poultry sector. However, none of these studies comprehensively captured each actor’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as the governance structure and profitability of the broiler industry. This paper fills this gap by analyzing the governance structure, value addition, determinants of profitability and prospect of the broiler industry using 290 respondents (180 broiler producers, 65 distributors and 45 retailers) from the Greater Accra, Ashanti and Bono Regions of Ghana. The study adopted the scoring analytical technique, net farm income (NFI), the modified Cobb-Douglas function and the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) matrix for the analyses. The results revealed producers as the key governors with the highest value addition and return on investment. Distributors and processors on the other hand form informal cartels to monopolize their activities to increase bargaining power. Whilst credit access, education, business training, age and feed type influenced profitability, the broiler industry is threatened by high importation of frozen chicken, high taxes, lack of capital access and high cost of operation. The study recommends that the government should pursue measures to minimize the cost of operations through input-tax exemptions and reduce the importation of chicken products. Stakeholders should invest in input supply, processing technologies and transportation facilities to boost local production for profit gains.
Growth, Yield and Fatty Acid Profile of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Seeds with Shoot Pruning and Additional Fertilizer Isna Tustiyani; Maya Melati; Sandra Arifin Aziz; Muhamad Syukur; Didah Nur Faridah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.73599

Abstract

Winged bean is a remarkable climbing plant, distinguished by its multiple segments that serve as growth sites for shoot, leaf and flower. Several studies have shown that the plant requires shoot pruning to increase the production of its flower buds, pods and seeds, but this practice can inhibit the generative phase. To overcome this challenge, the application of additional fertilizer is needed to provide the required nutrients. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of shoot pruning and additional fertilizer on the growth, yield and bioactive compounds of winged bean seeds. The determination of the proper rates of fertilization was important for plant production and to support sustainable agriculture. The study procedures were carried out at IPB experimental station in Leuwikopo, IPB University, Bogor. A Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was utilized with two factors and three replications, namely leaf pruning (without shoot pruning, 15 cm, and 30 cm from the ground) and additional fertilizer (0, 6.25, 12.5 and 18.5 g NPK 16-16-16 plant-1). The parameters observed included plant height, leaf nutrient, root length, yield, leaf number, as well as protein and fatty acid profile of seeds. The results showed that shoot pruning treatment and additional fertilizer had no interaction effect on plant growth and seed yield. Shoot pruning caused an increase in leaf number, fatty acid and linoleic acid content by 17% to 20%, 10%, and 16% to 19%, respectively, compared to the control. The use of additional fertilizer at a concentration of 6.25 to 12.5 g NPK (16-16-16) plant-1 increased leaf number, nutrients, and seed yield. Based on the findings, the highest seed yield (2.56 tons ha-1) was achieved with the application of additional fertilizer at the rates of 6.25 g NPK (16-16-16) plant-1, but shoot pruning was not required.
Utilization of Nostoc piscinale as Potential Biofertilizer to the Growth and Development of Oryza sativa L. Rebecca Go Oco; Mark Kevin Devanadera; Ruel Valerio Robles de Grano
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.77067

Abstract

Nostoc is a blue-green cyanobacteria that produce their food through photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. These organisms undergo nitrogen fixation and provide a potential nitrogen source for growth and development. Since rice is known as one of the world’s staple foods, especially in Asia, this study aims to determine the utilization of Nostoc piscinale as a potential biofertilizer for planting rice crops. N. piscinale was inoculated into three subcultures and incubated for 87 to 170 days, and then analyzed for nitrogen-fixing activity and rice plant development. Growth of cyanobacteria showed a significant increase in chlorophyll a starting from day 30 up to day 170 while nitrogen-fixing activity remained constant from day 4. On the other hand, the growth and development of rice treated with cyanobacteria showed correlated trends with commercial fertilizer (CSF) in terms of root and shoot (growth and fresh weight) and chlorophyll a content with no statistical differences (p-value ≥ 0.05). Nitrogen tests indicate the utilization of ammonia produced by N. piscinale and the change in soil pH. After harvesting the samples at 20 days and measuring the soil pH, the cyanobacterial samples were seen to lower the soil pH before planting, which is significantly different from the untreated and CSF-treated samples. The utilization of nitrogen for the growth and development of Oryza sativa subsp. indica proved that N. piscinale would be a positive alternative source of nitrogen due to the results obtained from the soil nitrogen composition and soil pH.
Impact of Agricultural Technical Efficiency on Farm-Gate Emission: An Implementation of Environmental Kuznets Curve in Asian Developing Countries Agus Dwi Nugroho
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.84098

Abstract

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) explains that economic activities in developing countries, including agriculture, increase environmental damage. Increased technical efficiency is one approach that is frequently suggested for reducing the negative impacts of farming practices. Unfortunately, there are no studies that investigate this at the macro (national) level. This study examines the impact of technical efficiency on farm-gate emissions in Asian developing countries. Data were collected from 25 developing countries in Asia from 1992 to 2021 and were analyzed using frontiers and the generalized method of moments. The findings demonstrate that technical efficiency is insufficient to prevent increases in CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions. This finding is consistent with the EKC. Gas emissions also rise because of gross domestic product (GDP) and population growth. Human development is the only way to prevent a rise in emissions of these 3 gases. Meanwhile, renewable energy and food prices have varying impacts on CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions reduction. Therefore, based on these findings, it is suggested that developing countries increase the utilization of natural production factors and organic farming, improve human capital development, and conduct a wise selection of renewable energy sources.
The Optimization of Biosilica and Humic Acid to Increase Soil Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Uptake in Rice Plant in Sandy Soil Wanti Mindari; M. Ghufron Chakim; Bakti Wisnu Widjajani; Purnomo Edi Sasongko; Haidar Fari Aditya; Ahmad Mustapha Mohamad Pazi; Seca Gandaseca
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.89018

Abstract

Nutrients in sandy soil are limited due to low absorption capacity and are easily leached or evaporated. Biosilica and humic acid extracted from compost and husk ash can improve the soil structure and absorption capacity to optimize the availability and uptake of nutrients. Therefore, this research aims to examine the optimal application dose of biosilica and humic acid to improve the chemical properties of soil with a sandy texture. The experiment was structured based on a completely randomized design (CRD). Factor 1 consisted of biosilica doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 tons ha-1, while factor 2 comprised humic acid doses of 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test, correlation, and determination analysis. The study results indicate that the combination of biosilica and humic acid contributes to the changes in nutrient availability. The impact of the treatment was observed 90 days after application on the parameters of soil pH, organic C, total N, and exchangeable K. The effects of the treatment were also evident in plant nutrient uptake, specifically in total N in the roots and total K in the stems. The optimal combination for improving soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake in plant tissues was a biosilica dose of 1.0 tons ha-1 (S2) and humic acid at 40 kg ha-1 (H2).
Analysis of the Emerging Market for Poultry By-Products in Ghana Etriakor Kofi Gbordzoe; Edward Ebo Onumah; Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.82925

Abstract

The paper examined the emerging poultry by-products market, delving into the nature, revenue generation, influencing factors, and constraints of the market, using data from poultry farmers, aggregators, and cattle farmers. The paper described the nature of the market using descriptive statistics and a flow chart, estimated its contribution to poultry revenue, and examined the factors influencing the proportion of revenue contributed using a Tobit model. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to measure the level of agreement among the poultry farmers in ranking identified constraints. The poultry by-product market is currently characterized by only poultry droppings trading, with Côte d’Ivoire as the largest user (76% of the consumption) in cross-border informal trade and an average selling price of 8.39 USD per metric ton. The emerging market for the by-products can be described as seasonal. Annual revenue per poultry farmer for poultry droppings is 1,072.26 USD. Management type, production scale, and membership of poultry farmers’ association influenced the proportion of revenue contributed from poultry droppings. The emerging poultry droppings market provided an opportunity for small-scale farms to earn additional income and organic manure to support sustainable farming. The key constraints among the poultry farmers participating in the by-products market were low prices and a lack of processing and storage facilities. The study recommended that agriculture sector development agencies should support the development of value chains for poultry droppings and other poultry by-products to help expand the market for sustainable agriculture production under the circular economy framework.
Noxious Weed Species Monochoria vaginalis Resistant to Synthetic Auxin and Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Ryan Widianto; Denny Kurniadie
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.86507

Abstract

Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl is a dominant weed in paddy rice cultivation, significantly threatening productivity and farming sustainability. In Subang, Indonesia, synthetic auxin and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors are commonly used to control M. vaginalis. However, farmers have currently reported declining efficacy of these herbicides. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the resistance of M. vaginalis to the early post-emergence application of synthetic auxin and ALS inhibitors. Plant bioassays were conducted using the pot test method to determine resistance level. Herbicides were applied 2 weeks after planting M. vaginalis at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 times the recommended dose, and untreated plants as control. Herbicides tested were 2,4-D, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac sodium, penoxulam, and sulfentrazone. The results obtained based on resistance index values (RI) showed that M. vaginalis populations from Kediri and Gandasari, Subang, had moderately to high resistance to 2,4-D (RI: 8.15 and 13.0) and bensulfuron-methyl (RI: 205.61 and 21.80). Weed was moderately resistant to bispyribac sodium (RI of Kediri biotype: 8.79) and had low to moderate resistance to penoxulam herbicides (RI: 8.94 and 3.56). In contrast, M. vaginalis-resistant biotypes remained susceptible to sulfentrazone (protoporphyrinogen oxidase/PPO inhibitors) herbicide. A significant increase in GR50 was observed between 28 and 56 days after herbicide application, signifying enhanced regrowth. The resistance of M. vaginalis to synthetic auxin and ALS inhibitors presents the need for farmers to consider alternative herbicides, such as PPO inhibitors, to prevent the development of resistant weeds.
Effect of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) on the Leaf Growth of Vanda limbata Blume Orchid In Vivo Sischa Aulia Putri Az Zahra; Nintya Setiari; Yulita Nurchayati
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.77888

Abstract

Vanda limbata is a natural orchid with slow growth and is often taken directly from the forest in large quantities, threatening its sustainability. Ex-situ preservation efforts are needed for this orchid, one of which is through cultivation with the addition of Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP), known to increase shoot growth. This research aims to analyze the effect of BAP and determine its optimal concentration on the growth of V. limbata orchids. This research used a single-factor completely randomized design in BAP concentrations of 0, 25 and 50 mg l-1 with 5 replications. The method used was spraying BAP solution once a week on all parts of adult V. limbata orchids aged ±2 years. The research was conducted for 3 months in the experimental garden with parameters observed in the form of the number of new leaves, elongation of old leaves, the length of new leaves, increase in the width of old leaves, the width of new leaves, stomatal density and the number of roots. The results showed that the most effective BAP concentration was 50 mg l-1 for the number of new leaves which increased by 200%, the length of old leaves which increased by 168.66% and the length of new leaves which increased by 800%, but resulted in less stomatal density than the control. BAP can increase the growth of V. limbata orchid leaves. This research can be a recommendation for ex-situ conservation efforts that have the potential to be developed as a means of orchid cultivation.
Comparative Analysis of Profitability Drivers of Pig Production Systems in Northern Uganda Caleb Ibukunoluwa Adewale; Elias Munezero; Elly Kurobuza Ndyomugyenyi; Basil Mugonola
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.79786

Abstract

Pork consumption has risen significantly in many emerging nations, with producers using various systems to meet demand. However, the profitability of these systems remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the drivers of profitability of pig production systems in Northern Uganda were examined. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire through a cross-sectional survey of 240 randomly selected pig farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and ordinary least squares model. Results revealed that the cost of initial stock (p < 0.1), cost of feed (p < 0.05), cost of vaccines (p < 0.01), output (p < 0.05), and quantity of feed (p < 0.05) were drivers of profitability in the farrow-to-finish pig production system. Further, profitability in the farrow-to-weaner pig production system was influenced by access to credit (p < 0.1), household size (p < 0.1), access to extension service (p < 0.01), and cost of initial stock (p < 0.05). In the weaner-to-slaughter pig production system, drivers of profitability included access to extension service (p < 0.1), cost of feed (p < 0.1), cost of vaccines (p < 0.05), and cost of initial stock (p < 0.05). Researchers recommend that the government arrange sufficient capacity-building initiatives and training, particularly on the farrow-to-weaner pig production system to increase the output and profitability of this production system. Further, the government and non-governmental organizations should make inputs such as vaccines, drugs, and breeding stock available to pig farmers at competitive market prices to enable farmers to make price-responsive decisions.

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