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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 100 Documents
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Assessing Land Use Intensity and Ecosystem Service Dynamics in Citarum Watershed, Indonesia Nahib, Irmadi; Widiatmaka, Widiatmaka; Tarigan, Suria Darma; Ambarwulam, Wiwin; Ramadhani, Fadhlullah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93122

Abstract

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) significantly impact ecosystem services (ES), often leading to land degradation and disrupting natural balance. This study examines how LULC changes have influenced total ecosystem services (TES) in Citarum Watershed over the past decade. Specifically, researchers analyze (1) the shifts in LULC and key ES components—water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and carbon storage (CS)—from 2010 to 2020, (2) the spatial relationship between land use intensity (LUI) and ES, and (3) the synchronization and distribution patterns of LUI and TES using a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model. The findings reveal significant LULC changes between 2010 and 2020, with bare/shrubland and agricultural areas expanding by 88.37% and 2.25%, while forest land and lakes declined by 0.78% and 0.09%. These transformations affected ES values, as WY and CS decreased by 15.01% and 4.98%, whereas SC increased by 12.03%. Overall, TES declined by 7.54%, with the steepest reduction (17.70%) observed in the downstream region. The coupling coordination analysis highlights an imbalance between LUI and TES, with 65 to 68% of sub-districts classified as imbalanced. These results underscore the urgent need for integrated land-use planning strategies to restore ecosystem balance and promote sustainability in Citarum Watershed.
Stakeholders and Farmers’ Preferences Towards Contract Attributes: Evidence from Hybrid Maize Production in Indonesia Inanda, Destu Syah; Laksono, Pandu; Suryantini, Any; Utami, Arini Wahyu
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.88996

Abstract

The availability of quality seeds is critical to supporting the sustainability of agriculture, which is further reinforced by the success of contract farming between seed companies and partner farmers. To foster a mutually beneficial partnership, it is essential to align the needs of farmers with the facilities and services provided by the company through well-defined contract terms and conditions. This study aims to explore the contract attribute preferences and their importance levels among farmers, growth leaders, and companies using a quantitative approach. A discrete choice experiment utilizing the conditional logit model was employed to investigate the preferences of 170 farmers, while a descriptive analysis was used to outline the preferences of other stakeholders. The findings indicate that farmers prefer written agreements over informal ones, favor shorter contract durations, and demand higher prices. Additionally, farmers showed a marked preference for receiving inputs, incentives, and credits. The preference patterns of stakeholders align with those of farmers regarding agreement form, inputs, price, incentives, and credit, although stakeholders tend to favor contracts with longer durations. Based on the rank-based quotient method, both growth leaders and farmers identified price, input subsidies, incentives, credits, agreement form, and duration as the most important attributes in maize seed partnership contracts, in descending order of importance. Contrarily, the company prioritizes input subsidies over other attributes, including price, duration, credit, incentive, and agreement form. These insights can inform the design of more suitable and effective contracts, thereby fostering sustainable partnership relationships in the future.
Dynamics of Nitrogen Mineralization by Organic and Inorganic Amendments Through Enzyme Activity of Microbial Community in Laboratory Incubation Khan, Md.Tariful Alam; Momen, Md. Billal Hossain; Tanvir, Md. Rashedur Rahman; Islam, Md. Robiul
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.92849

Abstract

Chemical fertilizers provide an immediate nitrogen supply but require repeated application at critical growth stages; however, excessive chemical fertilizer application harms the environment. In contrast, organic fertilizers release nitrogen gradually for a long time, and microbial fertilizers enhance nutrient availability. This study investigated the effects of integrating chemical nitrogen (CN), poultry manure (PM), and microbial fertilizer (MBF) on soil nitrogen availability and microbial activity. Eight treatments were applied: T0 (control), T1 (100% CN), T2 (100% CN + MBF), T3 (75% CN + 25% PM + MBF), T4 (50% CN + 50% PM + MBF), T5 (25% CN + 75% PM + MBF), T6 (100% PM + MBF), and T7 (100% PM). Soil nitrogen fractions, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition were analyzed. Integrated treatments improved nitrogen availability compared to sole CN application, with T4 showing the highest NO₃--N accumulation. Additionally, T4 increased total nitrogen, organic carbon, and microbial biomass, enhancing soil fertility. Enzymatic activities, including urease, catalase, invertase, and cellulase, responded positively to the integrated treatments, reflecting improved soil health. PLFA analysis revealed shifts in microbial community composition, highlighting the role of PM in promoting microbial diversity and biomass. These findings highlight that blending 50% CN and 50% PM with MBF balances immediate and sustained nitrogen release while stimulating microbial diversity and soil enzyme functions and improves overall soil health, making it a promising strategy for sustainable soil fertility management and reducing chemical fertilizer dependency.
Potassium Fractionation and Stock in Clay Soils: Influence of Geochemical and Mineralogical Properties in Yogyakarta Region, Indonesia Hanudin, Eko; Barus, Padana Aperta; Nurudin, Makruf; Utami, Sri Nuryani Hidayah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93721

Abstract

Research on potassium (K) dynamics in upland clay soils, particularly those derived from tertiary-aged rocks, remains limited in Yogyakarta. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among geochemical indices, K fractions, and K stock in upland clay soils, considering the influence of their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Thirty soil samples were collected from five geological formations at two depths (0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm), with three replicates selected from each formation through purposive sampling. Soil characterization was performed using routine methods, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Geochemical indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA), Vogt residual index (VR), alumina to potassium oxide ratio (AKN), silica to sesquioxide (Si/Seq), and Ruxton ratio (R) were calculated, and K stock was determined. The results showed that feldspar contributes to K stock in upland clay soils. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that only the AKN index significantly correlated with K-pseudo-total and K-non-exchangeable (p < 0.01). The highest K-pseudo-total concentration was found in P4-Sentolo (1,326 to 1,715 mg kg-¹) and the highest concentrations of K-non-exchangeable were observed in P5-Kebobutak (1.37 to 1.78 cmolc kg-¹). Significant correlations between K-exchangeable and K-water-soluble with total organic carbon and K-non-exchangeable were also identified (p < 0.01). The highest K-exchangeable concentration was recorded in P2-Nglanggran (0.17 to 0.33 cmolc kg-¹), while the lowest was found in P1-Wonosari (0.04 to 0.09 cmolc kg-1). All clay soils exhibited K-exchangeable concentrations below the critical deficiency level. Understanding these relationships is crucial for effective soil management and sustainable agricultural production. Targeted fertilization strategies can be developed based on the dominant K fraction in each soil.
Physiological Responses, Growth, and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Between Rows of IP-1 Oil Palm in Response to Rhizobium sp. and Bacillus spp. Inoculation Lugito, Lugito; Respatie, Dyah Weny; Yaapar, Muhammad Nazmin; Putra, Eka Tarwaca Susila
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.95053

Abstract

The Indonesian population has not yet met the high demand for soybeans by domestic production. Researchers aim to increase soybean (Glycine max L.) production and optimize land use through intercropping with oil palm during the immature plant phase 1 (IP-1). This study evaluated the effectiveness of Rhizobium sp. and Bacillus spp. inoculation in enhancing the growth and yield capacity (physiological activity, growth, and productivity) of soybeans planted between rows of IP-1 oil palms at PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) IV, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatera. The field study employed a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and four blocks as replicates. Data from the experiments were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), least significant difference (LSD) testing at a 5% significance level, Spearman correlation, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed an interaction effect between Rhizobium sp. and Bacillus spp. inoculation on the treatment variables of plant height, number of leaves, total dry weight, nutrient uptake (N, P, and K), IAA and GA3 hormones, total Bacillus in soil, total Bacillus in roots, pod dry weight, and yield. In treatment without Rhizobium sp., soybean plants inoculated with Bacillus spp. showed a significant contribution to all treatment variables. However, in soybean plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp., the addition of Bacillus spp. did not significantly affect the physiological activity, growth, and yield of soybeans. The performance of Bacillus spp. in boosting the physiological capacity and development of soybeans slowed down in the presence of Rhizobium sp. This indicated a potential antagonistic relationship between Bacillus spp. and Rhizobium sp.
Typology of Cocoa Seedlings Derived from Orthotropic and Plagiotropic Cuttings Compared with Grafting and Hybrid Seeds Santoso, Teguh Iman; Sulistyaningsih, Endang; Putra, Eka Tarwaca Susila; Susilo, Agung Wahyu
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93300

Abstract

Cocoa derived from cuttings is expected to overcome the limitations of grafting and hybrid seed propagation. This study aimed to determine the typology of cocoa seedlings derived from cutting, grafting, and hybrid seeds and the similarity among propagations, and assess the biochemical content of budwood cuttings and its relationship with the success rate. This research was conducted at the greenhouse of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, East Java, from April to December 2022 by adopting a completely randomized design. A single-factor experiment was performed on propagation methods, namely hybrid seed (HS), orthotropic cutting (OC), plagiotropic cutting (PC), orthotropic grafting (OG), and plagiotropic grafting (PG). The growth characteristics, anatomical characteristics, and biochemical contents of cuttings were observed. Results showed that compared with PC, OC generated a larger root pith diameter that played a role in the improved growth performance. The leaf area, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate in OC were similar to those in HS. The time to produce OC was similar to PG to meet the minimum standard requirements of ready-to-plant seedlings. However, the root volume, area, and length in OC were below those in HS and still needed to be improved. The cuttings derived from the budwood garden had higher sucrose contents than those from the production garden. Therefore, obtaining OC and PC samples from a budwood garden is recommended to achieve a high success rate.
Enhancing the Functional Biodiversity of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods with Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Conservation Inagaki, Hidehiro; Naoya, Okamoto; Yuta, Toyoda; Jung, Kunwar
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.92914

Abstract

In European countries, considerable research has focused on the conservation and improvement of biodiversity of functional groups which are useful organisms in agricultural lands. In contrast, there is little research in this field in Asia. Living mulches using cover plants have been indicated to be an effective way to increase the density of functional groups in Europe. However, most of the living mulches used in Japan are non-native species native to Europe. There is concern that these alien plants may have a negative impact on the functional groups of native organisms. In this study, researchers investigated the impact of a community of henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), a winter weed native to Japan, on the maintenance of functional ground-dwelling arthropods. In a study of vegetable fields grown with radishes, Chinese cabbage, and onions, plastic mulch, henbit communities, and weeding areas were compared. In vegetable fields, henbit communities increased the number of functional arthropods, including carnivorous native enemies and weed seed predators, compared with plastic mulched or weeding bare ground. Weeds were removed from vegetable fields, whereas the undergrowth was often managed in tree orchards to prevent soil erosion. In a chestnut orchard study, a henbit-dominated area was compared with an area containing a mixed plant community. In the chestnut orchard, the area with henbit-dominant communities had more functional species than areas with other weed species. These results reveal that the henbit community has a positive effect on the maintenance of functional ground-dwelling arthropods.
Genetic Variability in F2 Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Population from Double Cross of Sex-Distinct Parent Lines Setiawan, Agus Budi; Auliauzzakia, Irna; Purwantoro, Aziz
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93441

Abstract

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically significant crop in Indonesia. Due to the increasing demand for premium melon fruit with high sugar content, firm flesh, extended shelf life, bright peel and flesh color, and round fruit shapes, researchers developed melon lines that align with consumer preferences. This study aimed to determine the segregation pattern and genetic basis of sex expression in F1 and F2 populations, estimate genetic parameters for pericarp thickness and total soluble solids, and identify superior F2 genotypes using a predicted selection response based on a weighted selection index. A total of 137 F1 individuals derived from crossing ‘Inthanon RZ’ with ‘Glamour Sakata’ and 237 F2 individuals derived from the self-pollinated IG10 line were grown in a greenhouse using a hydroponic drip fertigation system. The F1 population exhibited genetic variation in sex expression based on the allele-specific marker of CmACS7, with a 1:1 phenotypic ratio, consisting of 68 monoecious and 69 andromonoecious individuals. All individuals in the F2 population showed homozygote andromonoecious expression, indicating that the IG10 progenitor line was homozygous (aaGG). Pericarp thickness and total soluble solids exhibited high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation and moderate-to-high broad-sense heritability. Among the genotypes, four displayed high-weighted selection indices based on the two target traits, with IG10-124 achieving the highest selection index. The selection response based on the weighted selection index suggests that pericarp thickness and total soluble solids will show genetic improvement in the next generation.
Optimization of Empty Fruit Bunch Application to Improve Soil Organic Carbon, Total Soil Nitrogen, Earthworm Populations, and Oil Palm Performance on Spodosols Ardiyanto, Adhy; Tarigan, Suria Darma; Widyastuti, Rahayu; Nugroho, Budi; Rivai, Fathan Aldi
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i2.110106

Abstract

Using oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as an organic amendment is a crucial strategy to improve soil quality in oil palm plantations, particularly on nutrient-poor Spodosol soils. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2 EFB application methods (incorporation into the soil and surface mulching) on soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen content, earthworm populations as soil biological indicators of fertility, and oil palm performance. A 12-month field experiment was conducted with observations every 4 months, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 9 replications each (n = 27 experimental units). The treatments included no EFB application (T0), EFB incorporated into the soil (T1), and EFB applied as surface mulch (T2). The results showed that both EFB application methods significantly increased SOC compared to the control, with the highest SOC observed in T2 (2.30±0.34%) after 12 months. Earthworm populations also increased progressively, reaching 19.33 individuals m-2 in T2. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between SOC content and earthworm abundance (r = 0.60; p < 0.001). These results confirm that EFB application, especially through surface mulching, is an effective and sustainable approach to enhancing soil quality, biological activity, and ecosystem functioning on Spodosols in oil palm plantations.
Temperature-Driven Variability in Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Titer Across Citrus Hosts, Tissues, and Seasons in Saudi Arabia Al Masrahi, Ali A.; Al Hashel, Abdullah F.; Widyawan, Arya; El Komy, Mahmoud H.; Ibrahim, Yasser E.
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i2.112903

Abstract

Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), continues to challenge citrus production in Saudi Arabia. Although HLB is widespread, there is still limited understanding of how temperature, season, host species, and the type of tissue sampled influence the reliability of CLas detection. In this regard, 123 CLas-positive samples sourced from major citrus-growing areas were analyzed. These samples included data from 4 major citrus species and 4 tissue types. Additionally, cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained through quantitative PCR for each sample were used to examine how climate and CLas interact in bacterial detection. As lower Ct values indicate higher bacterial abundance, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to assess the influence of season, tissue type, citrus species, and average seasonal temperature on Ct values. The results demonstrated significant differences among tissue types, with petiole and midrib tissues exhibiting consistently lower Ct values. Additionally, lower Ct values were observed in spring and autumn, and higher Ct values in warmer summers and colder winters, based on average temperatures. Among the citrus species, only Citrus limon illustrated a prominent increase in CLas levels as temperatures increased. CLas levels in C. limon showed only minor fluctuations with temperature. Taken together, these results indicated that temperature gradients strongly shape CLas population levels in Saudi Arabia and influence the reliability of pathogen detection. Considering climatic context, along with tissue type and season can substantially improve sampling strategies and enhance the effectiveness of HLB monitoring programs in arid and semi-arid citrus production systems.

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