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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 273 Documents

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Kesiapan Petani Menggunakan Pupuk Organik pada Padi Sawah Sumarno, Sumarno; Kartasasmita, Unang G.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Organic fertilizers are presently being recommended for use on wetland rice, as a supplement to inorganic fertilizers. A survey on the availability of materials and preparedness of farmers to utilize organic fertilizers was carried out in 2010 in 10 regencies within three provinces in Java, namely four regencies in West Java, three in Central Java, and four in East Java. The survey was carried out using a structured questioner involving 63 farmer-groups as respondents. Correlation analyses were done among 15 variables, and t-test was applied for paireddata obtained from the dry and wet seasons. Majority of the farmers were empirically familiar on the advantage of using organic fertilizer. However, their knowledges on its benefit were limited to the immediate results, such as on increase of grain yield, better grain quality, and more vigorous crop growth. The number of farmers familiar with the composting technique was in lower proportion than those of the unfamiliar ones. Not all farmers familiar with the composting technique however, were actually practicing their knowledge, only about 25% in West Java, 15% in Central Java, and 35% in East Java. The amount of organic fertilizer applied by farmers was generally far less than that of the recommended, only 0.41 t/ha in West Java, 0.39 t/ha in Central Java, and 1.2 t/ha in East Java. Rice straw from the wet season harvest was either burned (30% in West Java, 38% in Central Java, and 15% in East Java), used for feed (10% in West Java, 22% in Central Java, and 46% in East Java), or returned to the soil (60% in West Java, 40% in Central Java, and 39% in East Java). Those figures were somewhat similar with those on the dry season. The use of organic fertilizer was hampered partly by the lack of knowledge on long-term benefit, and due to the unavailability of manure. The number of livestock owned by farmer, the farmerâ€™s practice of making compost, and the availability of manure in each household, each was significantly correlated to the amount of organic matter applied by farmers. Presently, farmers seem to be not yet ready to use organic fertilizer as a supplement for inorganic fertilizer. Integration of rice crop-livestock farming is suggested to be campaigned and facilitated by the Government, in order that the farmers are able to apply the organic fertilizer. This requires that farmers to be assisted for possessing livestock, through a credit-scheme program.

Daya Gabung Umum, Daya Gabung Khusus dan Keragaan Hasil Hibrida Jagung pada Dua Tingkat Pumupukan N Sutoro, Sutoro; Setyowati, Mamik
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Maize grain production may be increased by growing varieties that utilize the available nutrients in the soil efficiently. High grain yield of maize could be achieved when hybrid variety was planted under the optimal rate of fertilization. However, application of fertilizer on agricultural land in large quantities have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, maize variety that is able to use fertilizer efficiently is needed, which would be reducing the environmental impact from a high fertilization and also helping farmers who are less able to provide optimal fertilizer rate or those who are growing maize under the marginal land. Maize genotypes developed by diallel mating and their parents were tested under nested design, three replications on two levels of nitrogen fertilization (low and optimal N level, as nested factor). The full diallel crosses (hybrids and reciprocals) derived from five inbred lines were tested using Griffing method I. Result indicated that H3, H7 and H9 hybrids were adaptable to low N. Inbred G2 and G5 were suitable for optimal N fertilization condition, and their single cross hybrids using H7 as parent was suitable for the low N fertilization condition. Inbred G4 was suitable for low N condition and inbred G5 was suitable for the optimal N condition. Single cross hybrids of H10 was as parent suitable for N optimal condition. It was shown that maize hybrids suitable for low or optimal N fertilizations could be generated from either pairs of inbreds adaptif under low N or optimal N conditions. Inbred lines adapted to certain N fertilization may not necessarily produced hybrid adapted to the same N level of environment.

Komposisi dan Sebaran Patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Penyakit pada Padi di Nusa Tenggara Barat Sudir, Sudir; Yuliani, Dini; Wirajaswadi, Lalu
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 2 (2015): Agustus 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

A study was carried out to identify the composition and distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotypes on rice crop in West Nusa Tenggara, during the 2012 planting season. Three activities were conducted, namely collection of rice leaf samples from the fields, isolation of Xoo from the leaf samples at the laboratory, and testing pathotypes of Xoo at the screen house. Rice leaves showing typical bacterial leaf blight (BLB) symptom were collected from various farmersâ€™ fields. The samples were detached and put into paper envelopes, and were taken to the laboratory for isolation of Xoo, at the Laboratory of Pythopathology of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi. Pathotype testing was done in the ICRR screen house by inoculating the leaves of five differential rice varieties using inocula of the Xoo isolates. Resistance of the rice differential varieties was determined based on the BLB disease severity. Inoculated plant with disease severity â‰¤11% was considered resistant (R) and disease severity >11% was susceptible (S). From the 240 samples of rice leaf infected with BLB collected from West Nusa Tenggara, 232 Xoo isolates were obtained. The Xoo pathotype identification showed that pathotype IV was the most dominant in West Nusa Tenggara during the 2012 planting season, numbering 118 isolates or 51.0% out of the total isolates, followed by pathotype VIII (67 isolates or 29.0%), and pathotype III (47 isolates or 20.0%).

Resistensi Wereng Cokelat terhadap Insektisida yang Beredar di Sentra Produksi Padi E., Baehaki S.; Iswanto, E. H.; Munawar, D.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 2 (2016): Agustus 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Research on brown planthopper (BPH), (Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) resistant to insecticide using dipping method was carried out in the wet season (WS) of 2011/2012 at Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi. BPH field population from Sukamandi, West Java, known as Sukamandi BPH population and Juwiring, Central Java, as Juwiring BPH population, were measured their degree of resistance to insecticides to be compared with the BPH biotype 1 of screen house population. The insecticides used were imidacloprid, ethiprole, thiamethoxam, fipronil, BPMC, MIPC, buprofezin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin. The resistance ratios (RR) were measured by LC50 of BPH from fields/LC50 of BPH from screen house. Results showed that Sukamandi BPH population was moderately resistance to imidacloprid and cypermethrin, but was low resistance to buprofezin, and was decreasing into susceptibility to fipronil, thiamethoxam and cyhalothrin, where as to ethiprole, BPMC dan MIPC the Sukamandi BPH was still susceptible. The Juwiring BPH population was low resistance to imidacloprid, buprofezin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin, but the Juwiring BPH was decreasing into susceptibility to BPMC, ethiprole and fipronil. The population was still susceptible to thiamethoxam and MIPC.

Pendugaan Parameter Genetik dan Seleksi Karakter Morfofisiologi Galur Jagung Introduksi di Lingkungan Tanah Masam Lubis, Khairunnisa; Sutjahjo, Surjono Hadi; Syukur, Muhamad; Trikoesoemaningtyas, Trikoesoemaningtyas
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 2 (2014): Agustus 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Morpho-physiological characterization of sixteen inbred lines of maize originated from CIMMYT and from Indonesian Cereals Research Institute Maros, was carried out in Tenjo, Bogor, from January to April 2013. The objectives of this research were to (1) estimate the genetic parameters of morphophysiological characters, (2) obtain morpho-physiological characters that can be used as selection characters and (3) obtain tolerance inbred lines on acid soil condition. The experiment was conducted using a Nested Design with three replications, nested in selection environment. The first factor was environments, the second factor was genotypes. The two environments were acid soil with eAl 0.2 me/100 g (represented the optimum soil) and acid soil with eAl 1.87 me/100 g (represented the medium acid soil). The results showed that environment had significant effect on inbred lines performances. Characters of anthesis silk interval, number of seeds/cob, number of rows/cob, cob dry weight, seed dry weight and cob weight/plot could be used as selection characters for tolerance to medium acid soil condition; the inbred lines tested indicated high genetic variabilities and showed high heritability under such condition. Inbred line CLA 84, CLA 46, CLA 95 and 1042-13 each was found tolerant genotype on medium acid soil condition

Keragaman Genetik dan Penampilan Jagung Hibrida Silang Puncak pada Kondisi Cekaman Kekeringan Azrai, Muhammad; Efendi, Roy; Suwarti, Suwarti; Praptana, R. Heru
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 3 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Wide diversity genetic materials is required to develop new superior drought tolerant maize. The objective of this experiments were to obtain genetic diversity information,heritability value and to find out yield character performance, yield component and Agronomic traits performance of top cross maize severe drought stress. One hundred and fifty maizeÂ genotypes of top cross selectionÂ and four hybrid maize as check varieties, were tested to obtained the Agronomic trait performance in Probolinggo of East Java and Gowa district of South Sulawesi in dry season of 2013. Factorial Randomized block Design with two replication was used in this experiment. Each hybrid grown one plant per hole in two rows of 5 m length plot,Â placed in 70 cm between row space and 20 cm between row. The result of this research showed that top cross hybrid had different significantly response under drought stress, eventhough genotypes had low genetic diversity. Heritability probability of broad sense of silking, ear row number, and shelling percentage were high, wherease in the mid heritability showed traits of 50% anthesis, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, weight and ear performance, ear length, 1000 seeds weight and yield. The 20 best hybrids according to the highest grain yield, were 17 genotypes which had good combining ability with P21, 2Â genotypes had good combining ability with Bima 11 and only one genotype had good combining ability with both of top cross parent (P21 and Bima 11). The yield rates of 20 top cross hybrids in Probolinggo spreaded at 4.8 t/ha â€“ 6.7 t/ha significantly higher than tester variety, wherease yield rates in GowaÂ ranged at 4.5 t/ha â€“ 6.7 t/ha and only 4 tested hybrids within significantly superior than four tester variety. For the purpose of further selection, determining of the best C1 genotype should be done per location due to large environmental effect.

Penyebaran Varietas Unggul Kedelai dan Dampaknya terhadap Ekonomi Perdesaan Krisdiana, Ruly
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Improved soybean varieties are generally possessing high yield, resistant to major pests and diseases, and carrying other important properties. Until 2013 more than 70 improved varieties had been released, but not all are planted by farmers. The present research objectives were: (1) to identify the distribution and farmers preferences of improved soybean varieties, (2) to identify the adoption barrier of new soybean varieties, and (3) to estimate the economic contribution of the new soybean varieties. The study was conducted on soybean production centers in Indonesia, covering East Java, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, West Java, and South Sulawesi. The research was carried out using survey method, where samples of farmers were used as sources of the primary data. There were total of 600 farmer respondents. Analyses of the data applied the tabulation analysis, principal components analyses, and contributions analyses. The results showed that soybean varieties most widely adopted by farmers in order of the highest were: Anjasmoro (32.1% farmer users, covering area of 190,567 ha), Willis (17.9% farmer users, area of 93,187 ha), Mahameru (9.1% farmer users, area of 78,190 ha), Grobogan (11.2% farmer users, area of 71,576 ha). Farmerâ€™s preferences to soybean variety, included the following characters: flowering at 35-40 days after planting, harvesting 70-75 days after planting, stem with many branches, yellow seed coat color, round seed shape, large seed size, and the grains sold easily. The reason of varieties was not being adopted by farmers include: unavailability of seeds at planting time, seed size was too small, seed price is too expensive, and the distance from farmersâ€™ home to the seed kiosk was too far away. The economic contribution of improve soybean varieties was as followed: Anjasmoro (Rp 1.3 trillion), Mahameru (Rp 0.61 trillion), Grobogan (Rp 0.61 trillion), Willis (Rp 0.56 trillion), Baluran (Rp 0.25 trillion), while the other improved varieties (Argomulyo, Bromo, Orba, Kipas Merah, Galunggung, Kipas Putih, Davros, Gepak kuning, Gepak Hijau, Malabar, Burangrang, Mitani, Kaba, Lokon, Sinabung) each contributed to the rural economy in a total of Rp 0.57 trillion. The total economic contribution of all improved soybean varieties was estimated at Rp 3.9 trillion.

Kandungan Mineral Beberapa Galur Harapan Padi Sawah Gunarsih, Cucu; Mejaya, Made J.; Indrasari, Siti Dewi
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Rice as staple food is consumed as a source of energy and protein, but also contains minerals and vitamins. This study was aimed to obtain information on mineral contents of rice lines obtained from the bio-fortification program. The research was conducted at the Experiment Farm of the Rice Research Installation Sukamandi, during Wet Season of 2007/2008. A total of 26 rice varieties/lines with high yielding potential and high Fe and Zn contents in the grain were planted in 4 m x 5 m experimental plots with a spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Samples of grain harvested from each plot were milled using a Satake mini grinder that produces milled rice with an 80% milling degree. Analysis of the mineral content of rice from the varieties/lines was tested using an ICP (Inductivity Couple Plasma) at the Waite Analytical Service Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Australia. The results indicated a wide diversity in the mineral contents (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Fe, Zn, and Mn) of the milled rice of the tested rice varieties/lines. Six lines produced milled rice rich in macro minerals (Ca, P, and K) and have a potential to be released as varieties with high macro mineral contents. Seven other rice lines produced high levels of Fe and Zn and are recommended as candidate for high yielding rice varieties with high micro mineral contents.

Keragaan Padi Hibrida pada Sistem Pengairan Intermittent dan Tergenang Munarso, Yuniati Pieter
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 3 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

An experiment to evaluate growth and yield performance of rice hybrids planted in different irrigation system was conducted at the green house of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research in Sukamandi, Subang 2010.The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with irrigation system (intermittent and continuous flooded) as first factor and genotype of hybrid (15 genotypes) as second factor, with 2 reps. Results showed that genotype was dominant determinant factor for several observed variables, i.e. plant height, total tillers, flowering and harvesting time, and root character (root volume) as well. Genotype acts as single determinant factor on paddy grain yield, and its yield components (total and percentage of filled grain). Yield observation showed that, this variable was significantly affected by hybrid genotype. Genotype G23 showed to be the highest yielding genotype. Rice grain yield was supported by yield components of total filled-grains and percentage of seed set, rather than panicle length. Intermittent treatment produced longer root. Meanwhile, continuous submerged produced shorter root with more branch.

Mutu Fisik, Mutu Giling dan Mutu Fungsional Beras Varietas Lokal Kalimantan Barat Indrasari, Siti Dewi; Rakhmi, Ami Teja; Subekti, Agus; Kristamtini, Kristamtini
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The physical of paddy and milled rice qualities, physicochemical properties and the functional properties of milled rice were analyzed to study the grain characteristics of four local paddy varieties derived from West Kalimantan. The study was conducted at Post Harvest Grain Quality Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Rice Research in 2013. Method used for physical and milling quality properties followed IRRI method. Functional characteristic was analyzed using LC-MS. The observations were done in six replications. The data was analyzed for the correlation among characters. Significant correlation between characters was further analysed for regression equation. The shapes of grains of local rice varieties were slim to medium. There was correlation between paddy moisture content and head rice percentage, between damaged grain and paddy density, between yield of brown rice and yield of milled rice, and percentage of head rice, between percentage of head rice and yield of milled rice, and between empty grain and broken grain. The functional character relationship showed that Cyanidin 3 Glucosidase (C3G) content of brown rice influenced the C3G content of milled rice. â€œSanikâ€ red rice, â€œBeliahâ€ purple rice and â€œBalikâ€ black rice may be useful to be used as parent for crossing in the breeding program for functional rice varieties, due to their good quality of milled rice and their high content of C3G. The C3G is considered as anticancer, antioxidant, anti coronaria heart disease and it improves fat profiles in the blood. Therefore, colored rice is recommended to be consumed in a form of brown rice or milled rice with 80% degree milling to retain the C3G content which is beneficial for the human health.

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