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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 273 Documents

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Penentuan Takaran Pupuk Nitrogen pada Tanaman Jagung Hibrida Berdasarkan Klorofil Meter dan Bagan Warna Daun Efendi, Roy; Suwardi, Suwardi; Syafruddin, Syafruddin; Zubachtirodin, Zubachtirodin
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Synchronization the amount of N nutrient needed for maize growth and the availability of indigenous N in the soil + N fertlizer, is important to obtain a high maize yield. An alternative technique to identify the N nutrient adequacy on maize is by using the chlorophyll meter or the leaf color chart (LCC). The research objective was to determine the rate and time of N fertilizer application for hybrids maize based on the content of N in the leaf as measured by chlorophyll meter and LCC. The experiments were conducted using a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were the rate of N fertilizer, namely 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N/ha. The subplots were the corn varieties Pioneer 21 and Bisi 2. Results showed that the N fertilizer requirements for maize crops as measured using the chlorophyll meter and the LCC were positively correlated with the actual levels of N requirement. Both measurement techniques can be used to identify the N nutrient requirement for maize during the plant growth stages V12 and VT. Determination of the critical N status by grouping stages of plants with sufficient and insufficient N nutrient indicated that chlorophyll meter value was more accurate than the use of LCC. The deviation of measurements of N fertilizer requirements at plant growth stages V12 and VT using the chlorophyll meter was smaller (11.1% and 2.7%) than those using the LCC (16.1% and 8.3%). The critical N status as measured using the chlorophyll meter and the LCC at V12 was 52 units, and the BWD 4.7, whereas the critical N status at VT was 50 units using the chlorophyll meter and scale 4.4 using the LCC. The estimated N fertilizer required at V12 with maize yield target of 9-10 t/ha was the value of the chlorophyll meter <41unit or the LCC <4 with the rates of N fertilizers of 125-131 kg/ha. If the chlorophyll meter value was 42-46 units or LCC 4.0 to 4.2, the rates of N fertilizer to be applied ranged from 87-119 kg N/ha. With the value of the chlorophyll meter 47-50 units or values of LCC 4.3 to 4.5, the rate of N fertilizer required ranged from 46-78 kg N/ha.

Integrasi Varietas Tahan dan Bioinsektisida untuk Pengendalian Ulat Perusak Daun Kedelai Indiati, Indiati; Bedjo, Bedjo
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 1, No 3 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Leaf-eating caterpillars are important soybean pests that widely distributed from tropical to sub-tropical regions under wet and humid conditions. In Indonesia, these caterpillars attacked 1,316 hectares of soybean crops in year 2002, and it increased to 2,902 hectares of soybean crops in year 2006. Therefore, the effective pest control needs to be identified. The experiment on controlling leaf eating caterpillars used bio-insecticides of NPV and SBM, and resistant varieties was conducted at Kendalpayak Experimental Farm of Indonesia Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute in dry season of 2016. A strip plot design with three replications was applied, where the vertical factor was varieties i.e. (1) Wilis, (2) Degra 1, and (3) G100H, and types of insecticide as horizontal factors i.e. (1) without insecticides, (2) 50 g of neem-seed flour (SBM) in 1 litre of water, (3) 2 g of SlNPV in 1 litre of water, (4) SBM + NPV, and (5) chemical insecticide. The results indicated that SlNPV was effectively suppressed the population of caterpillars as shown by its lowest numbers. Also, the combination treatment of SBM + NPV had better suppression than that of chemical insecticide. The role of Degra 1 variety, which is a resistant variety to leaf eating caterpillar, was very important in suppressing the damage rate of the plants as pointed out by 26% reduction of damage rate compared to that of Wilis variety (the susceptible variety to leaf eating caterpillars). The effectiveness of leaf eating caterpillars control could be enhanced by combining the resistant variety of Degra 1 with NPV bio-insecticide. This application obtained 35% of suppression rate which was equal to that obtained by the combination of the resistant variety of Degra 1 with chemical insecticide. It is therefore, the variety of Degra 1 has a huge opportunity to be developed in leaf eating caterpillarsâ endemic soybean areas.

Karakterisasi Kandungan Asam Lemak Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah Trustinah, Trustinah; Kasno, A.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Groundnut is an economically important oil crop. Main fatty acid components of the groundnut oil are oleic and linoleic acid, which are useful to human health. Forty five groundnut genotypes were grown at the Jambegede Experimental Farm, Malang, East Java during the dry season of 2009. Samples of the harvested grains were analyzed for their fatty acid contents at the Food and Technology Laboratory, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta in 2009 using gas chromatography. Groundnut cultivar Singa produced the highest pod yield (3.59 t/ha), followed by cultivars Talam 1 and Gajah (3.10 t/ha). Fatty acid composition among genotypes varied, ranging from 37.7 to 45.7%. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major fatty acid components, accounting for 70.8-85.4% of the total fatty acid contents. The average of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, behenic, and arachidic acid contents was each 37.7%, 41.2%, 12.5%, 3.6%, and 3.0%, respectively. Genotype MLGA 0261 contained the highest oleic acid (49.3%), while MLGA 0077 contained the highest linoleic acid (48.9%). Significant negative correlation between oleic acid content with linoleic acid (-0.59**), palmitic acid (-0.49**), and behenic acid (-0.45**) was detected. These correlations indicated that high content of oleic acid would be followed by low linoleic, palmitic, and behenic acids. Based on the fatty acid content, the groundnut genotypes were divided into three groups. Group I contained palmitic, linoleic, and behenic acids above the average. Group II contained oleic and arachidic acids below the average, and Group III contained high oleic acid and low other fatty acids. Cultivars Gajah, Tapir, Turangga, Sima, Singa, Zebra, Panter, Tuban, and Talam 1 were belong to Group I, where as cultivars Badak, Landak, Jerapah, and Kancil were in the Group II, and MLGA 0261 in Group III.

Efektivitas Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular dan 5-aminolevulinic Acid terhadap Pertumbuhan Jagung Varietas Lokal Madura pada Cekaman Kekeringan Hamida, Ruly; Dewi, Kumala
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The local Madura maize variety planted on drought stress area suffered retarded plant growth and reduced grain yield. Research was conducted to alleviate the stress on crop plants, to survive under drought condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MVA and ALA on the growth of Guluk-guluk local maize variety planted under difference drought stresess. The experiment was conducted using split-split plot design with three factors in six replications. The first factor was variation of MVA application, i.e., without inoculation (M0) and with inoculation of mycorrhiza (M1). The second factor was ALA treatment which consisted of 3 levels, namely 0% (P0), 0.05% (P1) and 0.1% (P2). Third factor was plant watering intensity, i.e., watered once every 2 days (K0), watered once every 4 days (K1) and watered once every 6 days (K2) reaching field capacity, respectively. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Duncanâs Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results suggested that MVA and ALA treatments gave significant effects in increasing the percentage of mycorrhiza infection, total leaf P content, total chlorophyll content, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and shoot/root ratio. It showed a significant effect in decreasing ABA content in maize plant subjected to drought stress. The ABA content was 1.7 ppm in plants watered once every 2 days, where control plant had ABA content of 5.8 ppm. The best treatment was found on plants treated with mycorrhiza inoculation and 0.05% ALA and watered once every 4 days.

Karakterisasi Sifat Morfologi dan Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri pada Beberapa Varietas Padi Yuliani, Dini; Wening, Rina Hapsari; Sudir, Sudir
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 2 (2015): Agustus 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Bacterial leaf blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzaeÂ pv oryzae (Xoo) is common disease on rice crop in Indonesia.Â Resistance variety when available, would be a good controlÂ measure to the disease, which could be easily adopted by farmers.Â Source of gene for resistance needs to be identified among riceÂ genotypes, to be used as parents in the breeding program. ThisÂ research was aimed to characterize the morphological traits andÂ the degree of resistance among rice genotypes against XooÂ pathotype III, IV, and VIII. The experiment was conducted atÂ Sukamandi experimental field of Indonesian Center for RiceÂ Research, during the wet season of 2012/2013 and dry season ofÂ 2013, using a randomized factorial design. The first factor wasÂ three Xoo pathotypes i.e. pathotype III, IV, and VIII, the secondÂ factor was 20 rice genotypes including three check varieties, i.e.Â Ciherang, Inpari 13, and Angke. Observations of morphologicalÂ and agronomic characters were done on rice plants started fromÂ primordial to grain ripening phase. Observations on BLB diseaseÂ severity were done by measuring the longest symptoms on theÂ leaves at two, three, and four weeks after inoculation. TheÂ morphological characters of the isogenic lines showed moderateÂ leaf surface type with an open habitus (60o). Plant height rangedÂ from 99 to 190 cm, maturity between 109 to 157 days after sowing,Â and the number of tillers was 9-23 tillers/hill. Against the XooÂ pathotype III, IV, and VIII, three genotypes of near isogenic linesÂ i.e. IRBB 60, IRBB 61, and IRBB 55 each was resistance, notÂ significantly different from resistance check variety Angke, in twoÂ cropping seasons. All three isogenic lines can be used as parentÂ to develop new resistant variety to bacterial leaf blight.

Virulence of Brown Planthopper and Development of Core Collection of the Pest Chaerani, Chaerani; Damayanti, Diani; Trisnaningsih, Trisnaningsih; Yuriyah, Siti; Kusumanegara, Kusumawaty; Dadang, Ahmad; Sutrisno, Sutrisno; Bahagiawati, Bahagiawati
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 2 (2016): Agustus 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Brown planthopper is the most important rice pest in Indonesia. Its high adaptability to feed and reproduce on previously introduced resistant varieties to form more virulent population often causes BPH outbreak and hopperburn that lead to total crop yield loss. Rice breeding for resistant to BPH requires information on the current status of BPH virulences in the fields to anticipate the virulence adaptation on new varieties. The objectives of this study were to investigate the degree of virulence of BPH populations and to cluster the BPH virulence to form BPH core collection. Thirteen BPH populations collected from paddy fields in six provinces (Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, South Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi) in 2011 and 2013 were tested on 10 differential rice varieties and seven host varieties of BPH populations, using the standard seedbox screening technique. Based on resistance reaction of four differential varieties (TN1, Mudgo, ASD7, and Rathu Heenathi), most BPH populations were identified as more virulent than biotype 4 (T1, Banten, PG, West Java; BY, East Java; B2 and B3, South Kalimantan; X1 and X3, South Sulawesi), four populations were biotype 4 (JWDL, Central Java; SD, East Java; X2 and X4, South Sulawesi), and one population each was biotype 3 (T2, Banten) and biotype 2 (S1, West Java). Populations X1 and B3 showed broad virulences to all varieties, whereas T2 was the least virulent. BPH fieldâs population had evolved into more virulence than biotype 4. Genotype resistance screening should use the BPH of this virulence population. Five BPH clusters which were further divided into 10 subclusters representing differential virulence toward 10 differential varieties were present in the tested BPH. Each virulence cluster was characterized by its ability to overcome four to eight single or double resistant genes. This BPH virulence core collection can be used in the characterization studies of candidate for resistant varieties or to form near-isogenic lines, or to study the insect and rice plant interaction.

Efektivitas Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. sebagai Agen Biokontrol Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pelepah Daun pada Jagung Soenartiningsih, Soenartiningsih; Djaenuddin, Nurasiah; Saenong, M. Sujak
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 2 (2014): Agustus 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Sheath blight is an important disease in corn. The disease could cause significant yield loss when infection occurs on susceptible varieties. Disease control using the microorganism antagonist is an alternative for disease management. Research was carried out in a laboratory, greenhouse and field from 2010 to 2012. The research objective was to compare several biological agents for controlling sheath blight disease on corn. In vitro laboratory tests identified that out of sixteen isolates of microorganisms, only 3 isolates which had the potency to suppress the pathogen of sheath blight over 50%, namely TT1; TM; and GM. Conidia development among the three isolates of microorganism the highest was by TT1. In the greenhouse, three isolates of microorganisms showed potential of decreasing sheath blight disease up to 70%. The Gliocladium isolates decreases the disease by 53%. Research results from the field indicated the antagonist had decreased sheath blight disease by 67%. Isolates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium fungus could reduce the yield loss by 23% by suppressing the infection of sheath blight disease.

Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Beras Berlabel Jaminan Varietas (BBJV) untuk Hipa 8, Ciherang dan Inpari 13 Indrasari, Siti Dewi; Purwaningsih, Purwaningsih; Apriyati, Erni; Ardhiyanti, Shinta Dewi
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 3 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The objectives of this research was to study the consumer acceptance to variety assurance rice labelledÂ (VARL) wihich is produced byÂ âKopkarlittanâ of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). The research was conducted on September to November 2013. The respondents were asked to answer the question in questionaire and assessing the rice and cooked rice presented. The preference assessment was carried out to every rice atributesÂ such as aroma, color, shape, wholeness, cleaness and general acceptance (like or dislike). The same assessment was also carried out to the cooked rice with different atributes such as aroma, color, translucency, softness, taste and general acceptance. The rice used were Hipa 8 variety which is represent aromatic rice and Ciherang and Inpari 23 represent non aromatic rice. Those rice were produced by âKopkarlittanâ ICRR. As controlled were used non variety assurance labelled rice (NVARL) which were bought from two modern market LM and C in Jakarta. The organoleptic data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and presented in decriptive way. In general the respondentsÂ stated that VARL products is better than other NVARL product in term of shape, wholeness, cleaness, taste of cooked rice, nutritional and functional quality. Other respondents stated that VARL products is the same with NVARL products in term of color. In general the consumers in Jakarta, Bandung and Yogyakarta statedÂ thatÂ there is no preference different based on color, aroma, shape, wholeness and cleaness of aromatic rice sold in LM and C modern market, except general accetance atribute of Hipa 8 variety. The consumers also stated that there is no preference different to Hipa 8 cooked rice based on aroma, color, translucency, softness, taste and general acceptance. But there is preference different of aromatics cooked rice sold in LMÂ modern market based on color, translucency, softness and taste atributes. In general consumers in Jakarta, Bandung and Yogyakarta stated thatÂ there is no preference different ofÂ non aromatic rice and cooked rice sold in LM, C modern market dan Inpari 13 variety.

Toleransi Beberapa Genotipe Padi Umur Pendek terhadap Pasokan Air Terbatas Yamin, Mohamad; Suprihatno, B.; Rustiati, Tita; Sitaresmi, Trias
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Field and screen house experiments were conducted in 2009 in Indramayu and Sukamandi. The field experiments was carried out at farmerâs field in the Cilandak village, Anjatan District, Indramayu Regency from May to October 2009. Nine rice genotypes (AS996, OM5240, BP5478-2F-KN-11-2-B, Inpari 10, Inpari 1, Silugonggo, dan Dodokan) were tested. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were: (a) fully irrigated (100% irrigated); (b) half-dry (75% irrigated), irrigation water was given until one month after planting, followed with weekly irrigation until crop harvest, and (c) dry (50% irrigated), irrigation water was given until one month after planting, then no more irrigation was given until harvest. The plant characters observed were: percentage of empty grain per panicle, grain weight per unit area, drought sensitivity index (S), and genotype superiority index (Pi). The screenhouse experiment was conducted in pots at the Rice Research Institute, Sukamandi, from July to October 2009, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The rice genotypes tested were the same as those in the field trial, The treatments wer three categories of water supply, namely minimum (4,000 m3/ha/season), optimal (5,500 m3/ha/season) and excessive (7,000 m3/ha/season). The plant characters observed were: grain weight (g/pot), percentage of filled grains/panicle, plant height, and age of flowering. The results showed that water stress during flowering stage increased percentage of empty grains from 25.6% to 34.3% and decreased grain yields from 11.3% to 23.2%. Genotypes AS996, OM5240, and BP5478-2F-KN-11-2-B were tolerant to drought, and gave higher yields than Inpari 10, Inpari 1, Silugonggo, and Dodokan. Under drought stress conditions, when the drought conditions were not extreme with soil moistures of 41.3% to 51.7%, yields of the three genotypes were not significantly tolerances from those under the normal condition (6.66 to 7.27 t/ha). Besides drought tolerant, genotypes AS996 and OM5240 were also efficient in using water during the crop growth.

Potensi Cendawan Entomopatogen Verticillium lecanii dan Beauveria bassiana dalam Mengendalikan Wereng Hijau dan Menekan Intensitas Penyakit Tungro Ladja, Fausiah T.; Santoso, Teguh; Nurhayati, Endang
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Pests and diseases cause significant rice yield losses every planting season. One of the important rice disease is tungro, a virus disease transmitted by green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens Distant), that can cause yield losses of up to 90%. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi Verticillium lecanii and Beauveria bassiana to control N. virescens as a vector of the tungro virus. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was conidial density of the fungi and the second factor was period of food acquisition. The variables observed were mortality and the ability to fly of N. virescens at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after application (DAA), tungro disease symptoms, virus incubation periods, disease incidences, plant heights, and number of tillers. The results showed that applications of B. bassiana (107 conidia/ml) and V. lecanii (108 conidia/ml) caused death of green leafhoppers within 3-14 DAA. Based on the virus incubation period and the incidence of the tungro disease, application of the entomopathogenic fungi did not affect the ability of N. virescens to transmit tungro virus.

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