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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 273 Documents

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Pemanfaatan Nira Batang, Bagas, dan Biji Sorgum Manis sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol Pabendon, Marcia B.; Sarungallo, Rosalia S.; MasÃ¢Â€Â™ud, S.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The study was conducted at ICERI (Indonesian Cereals Research Institute), at the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Paulus Christen University (UKIP), and at Laboratory of Bioprocess, Department of Chemical Engeneering, Polytechnic Ujung Pandang, from March to November 2010. The aim of this study was to determine the potential ethanol production derived from juice, bagasse (sellulose), and sorghum grain (starch). Eleven sweet sorghum genotypes were tested, local varieties Selayar Hitam, Sorgum Hitam, and variety Numbu were used as checks. The results showed that yield of stem biomass, high brix sugar content, high yield of bagasse, high grain yield, and high content of glucose derived from grain were characters that could be used as criteria for selection of sorghum genotypes producing high ethanol per unit area. These characters were correlated with the ethanol production per unit area. Genotypes 1521A, 15011A, and Watar Hammu Putih were prospective sweet sorghum for the ethanol production. These genotypes were supported by high yield of stem biomass per unit area, high brix sugar content, and high grain yield than check varieties, except for Watar Hammu Putih. Although all of the three raw materials had the potential use for bioethanol production, stem juice and bagasse were more suitable to be used than the grain, since it would not compete with the use of grain for food.

Pengaruh Kekurangan Air terhadap Karakter Agronomis dan Fisiologis Genotipe Kedelai Hitam Taufiq, Abdullah; Adie, M. Muchlish
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 32, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Drought stress during generative stage might reduce soybean yields up to 90%. This problem can be minimized by manipulating the environment or using tolerant varieties. A glasshouse research was done to evaluate the effect of drought stress on agronomic and physiologic characteristics of black grain soybean at the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang, from August to November 2010. Twenty genotypes of black grain soybean were evaluated under 100% (optimum) and 50% of field capacity (drought stress). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that drought stress did not affect flowering dates and physiological maturity of pods, but significantly reduced plant height, shoot and root dry weight, root volume, number of branches, number of fertile nodes, and number of filled pods. The highest reduction was on shoot dry weight (70%) and number of filled pods (43%). Drought stress reduced transpiration rates and seed yield by 40% and 32-60%, respectively. Generally, soybean genotypes that had high transpiration rates under drought condition were more tolerant to drought. The highest average of soybean yields were found on genotypes AYT10-11 (6.20 g/plant) and AYT-10-16 (6.14 g/plant), and both were tolerant to drought stress with yield reductions 34.3% and 49.1%, respectively. The tolerance genotypes was mainly because roots were able to absorb more water under the drought stress conditions (3.29 l and 2.90 l, respectively) and had high water use efficiencies (2.99 and 2.85 mg seed/l, respectively). Genotype AYT10-3 showed a high tolerance to drought with 31.9% yield reduction and a lower transpiration rate under drought condition (2.60 l) than genotypes AYT10-11 and AYT-10-16, but higher in water use efficiency (3.11 mg seed/liter). However, AYT10-3 had a low yield (5 g/plant) and smaller seed size (8.9 g/100 seeds). Variety Detam 1 and Malika was each moderately sensitive to drought stress. The yields of these varieties were reduced by 46% and 51%, respectively, under drought stress condition.

Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang dan Kesesuaian Varietas-Musim Tanam terhadap Hasil Padi Sawah Sumarno, Sumarno; Pratiwi, Gagad Restu
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 3 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Adaptive variety and organic fertilizer are important components for rice cultural practices in a spesific agroecology. The research objectives were (1) to clarify the direct and the residual effect of manure on grain yield of rice, (2) to identify rice varieties most suitable for dry and for wet season planting. The research was conducted at Sukamandi Exp. Farm, West Java, during dry season (DS) of 2010 and wet season (WS) of 2010/2011, using a split-plot design with three replications. The main plots of DS experiment consisted of (1) recommended dosage of NPK (115 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 50 kg K2O/ha) and (2) 80% dosage of NPK + 5 t manure/ha. The WS experiment, main plots were (1) recommended NPK and (2) the residue of manure given in DS + 80% of the NPK. The subplots were fifteen improved varieties, each planted on plot 3.4 m x 5.4 m with 20 cm x 20 cm plant spacing. Data were collected for agronomic variables and grain yield. The DS 2010 experiment was attacked by brown planthopper (BPH), only two varieties, Inpari-8 and Inpari-13 were resistant, each yielded around 6 t/ha, while thirteen varieties were susceptible, yielded between 0.14 t to 3.9 t/ha. Application of 5 t manure/ha increased the averaged of biomass and grain yields by 9% and 10%, respectively, but were not consistent among varieties. In WS 2010/2011 experiment, the residual manure + 80% NPK decreased the averaged grain yield, but there was a significant interaction effect between fertilizer x variety. Seven varieties yielded less, six varieties yielded similar, and two varieties yielded more on the residual manure treatment, compared to that on no-manure treatment. Biomass weight, plant height, days to flowering, and days to harvesting, each was significantly correlated with grain yield. Five varieties were identified as suitable for WS planting, namely: Inpari-3, Inpari-10, Inpari-7, Ciherang, and Mekongga. When outbreak of BPH was suspected in the DS, Inpari-8 and Inpari-13 were suggested for planting. Suitable variety(ies) for season specific planting would optimize productivity, conversely, planting of unsuitable rice variety, during either DS or WS planting, would decreased the land production capacity.

Tanggap Kedelai Hitam terhadap Cekaman Aluminium pada Kultur Hara Pujiwati, Hesti; Ghulamahdi, Munif; Yahya, Sudirman; Aziz, Sandra Arifin; Haridjaja, Oteng
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 2 (2016): Agustus 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Al-stress on soybean causes inhibited root growth. Root length sensitivity index might be an indicator of roots tolerance to Alstress. Hematoxylin staining can be used to visualize the movement of Al in plant root tissues. This study was aimed to determine the tolerance level of soybean genotypes to the gradual Al concentrations. The experiment was conducted from February to April 2014, at the greenhouse in Cikabayan Experiments Garden, IPB, using a 4 x 3 factorial treatments in a completely randomized design, three replications. The first factor was the concentration of Al ie: without Al (A0); 0.5 mM Al (A1); 0.7 mM Al (A2) and 0.9 mM (A3). The second factor was the soybean varieties including: Tanggamus, Cikuray, and Ceneng. The observation of variable included root length sensitivity index based on hematoxylin staining, demonstrating the movement of Al on the tolerance and sensitive varieties. Results showed that: 1) Tanggamus was tolerance at 0.5 mM Al concentration and was moderate at 0.7 and 0.9 mM Al, 2) Cikuray was tolerance to a concentration up to 0.5 mM and was moderate at 0.7 mM Al but was sensitive to the concentration of 0.9 mM Al, 3) Ceneng was sensitive at concentration of 0.5 to 0.9 mM Al, 4) Staining hematoxylin indicated the root tissue advanced damages and darker blue color on the susceptible varieties, in comparison with the tolerant ones.

Estimation of Genetic Parameter in New Plant Type Aromatic Rice Lines Lestari, Angelita Puji; Abdullah, Buang; Junaedi, Ahmad; Aswidinnoor, Hajrial
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Information on genetic variability and heritability of plant characters is important to support the rice selection program. A study was conducted to determine the genetic variability of characters and grain yields of 35 New Plant Type Rice Lines (NPTR) under two different environments, with varieties Ciherang and Sintanur as checks. The trials were conducted at two locations (Bogor and Pusakanagara, West Java) during dry season (DS) 2009 and wet season (WS) of 2009/2010. Each trial was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Twenty one day-old rice seedlings of each entry were planted in 2 m x 5 m plots at a 20 cm x 20 cm plant spacing, one seedling per hill. Results of the combined analysis showed that strains, environments, and its interaction was significantly affecting the whole characters of NPTR. High variabilities were observed on genetic, heritability, and genetic advance characters among the new rice type lines, particularly on the number of productive tillers, total number of grains per panicle, and total grain yield. These three characters were positively correlated with rice grain yield, and could be used as indicators for superior lines.

Heterosis F1 Hibrida dan Daya Gabung Galur Mandul Jantan dari Tiga Tipe Sitoplasma dan Galur Pemulih Kesuburan Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Widyastuti, Yuni; Purwoko, Bambang sapta; Yunus, Muhammad; Kartina, Nita; Wibowo, Bayu Pramono; Rumanti, Indrastuti Apri; Satoto, Satoto
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 1, No 3 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The combining ability provides information on parental lines selection and F1 hybrids having high yield potential. The analysis important to evaluate new parental lines used at hybrid rice breeding. The objectives of the research were to study combining ability of line (CMS/A) and tester (Restorer/R) in producing the new hybrid rice, and to evaluate those new hybrid performance. The research was conducted in November in 2014 to February in 2015 at Indonesian Center for Rice Research field station, in Sukamandi. Mating design and analysis were done using line x tester design. Thirty hybrids and their parental lines were planted in the field using randomized complete block design with three replications. The characters of yield and yield components were observed. Among the lines, CMS IR 58025A was a good general combiner for number of filled grain per panicle, while GMJ 14A was a good general combiner for maturity, and seed set. Among the testers, PK 12 line was the best general combiner for maturity and seed set, while BP 11 was the best general combiner for number of filled grain per panicle. The new hybrid rice with high specific combining ability for grain weight per hill were GMJ 13A/PK 90 (WA), IR 80154A/R 32 (Gambiaca), and GMJ 14A/R 3 (Kalinga). The hybrids rice with the highest standard heterosis compared than Maro and Ciherang, were GMJ 13A/BP 11, GMJ 14A/PK 90, and GMJ 15A/PK 90, each with CMS with genetic background group of WA, Kalinga, and Gambiaca, respectively.

Respons Biologi Wereng Batang Coklat terhadap Biokimia Tanaman Padi Rahmini, Rahmini; Hidayat, Purnama; Ratna, Endang Sri; Winasa, I Wayan; Manuwoto, Syafrida
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

In developing rice varieties resistant to brown planthopper (BPH), information on responses of the BPH to the rice plants were needed. The aim of the research was to study the biological responses of BPH on biochemical factors of some rice varieties. The study was conducted on June 2010 to April 2012 in Muara Research Station, of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) and at Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology, Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agriculture University. The biological responses of the BPH to rice varieties were studied in terms of adult settling preference, feeding activity using the honeydew test, and life table analysis. The biochemical factors of the rice varieties, namely sucrose and oxalic acid contents were analyzed. Rice varieties TN1 (no resistance gene), IR26 (Bph1), IR42 (bph2), IR64 (Bph1+), IR74 (Bph3), PTB33 (bph2+Bph3), and Inpari13 (unknown resistance gene) were used in this study. The BPH showed similar non-preference reactions to the resistant varieties and Inpari13 for settling. Feeding activity of the adult female BPH was the highest on the susceptible variety TN1 and the lowest on the resistant variety PTB33. The highest mortality of BPH occurred at larval stages, especially in the first and second instars. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) of the BPH were higher on the susceptible variety TN1, but the doubling time (DT) was shorter than those on the resistant varieties. The resistant variety PTB33 contained high oxalic acid and low sucrose. On the contrary, the susceptible variety TN1 contained low oxalic acid and high sucrose. These biochemical factors contributed in rice plant resistance to BPH.

Ketahanan Galur-Galur Padi Pup1 terhadap Penyakit Blas Tasliah, Tasliah; Prasetiyono, Joko; Suhartini, Tintin; Soemantri, Ida Hanarida
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Blast is one of major disease on the upland rice in Indonesia. Upland rice lines derived from Kasalath and NILC443 crosses, containing Pup1 gen locus had been developed and evaluated for P fertilizer efficiency. Those lines would be evaluated for blast resistance, due to the fact that Pup1 locus contains genes involved in plant defend mechanism to disease, including blast disease. The BC2F5 plants derived from six crosses (DK, DN, SK, SN, BK, BN) were used in this research. Responses to blast disease in the green house were evaluated at ICABIOGRAD Bogor from March to April 2011, using combination of three blast races (race 173, 033, and 133). The response to blast disease in the field was evaluated at Taman Bogo Research Station, Lampung, and at farmerâs field in Cikeusal Village, Banten, from January to April 2011. Molecular analysis to trace Pup1 gene locus was conducted at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, using specific primer K20-2, from January to August 2013. Based on the molecular analysis all Pup1 lines showed homozygoes alleles, except the heterozygoes alleles on SK7, SK8, SK15, SK16, BN8 line, which were then not included in the next planting. The responses to blast at greenhouse among lines varied, but the Pup1 lines were mostly at level of moderate resistan (AT). Based on the result from the field experiment, most of Pup1 lines were resistance, however the susceptible check plant (Kencana Bali) did not show blast fungus infection. Differences of the result might be due to the blast testing at the green house which was more favorable for blast fungal growth. The effect of Pup1 gene locus showed clearly on resistance of plants obtained from Situ Bagendit cross, where Situ Bagendit was susceptible and does not contain the Pup1 locus. Additional of Pup1 locus in Situ Bagendit genome had increased the degree of resistant to blast.

Identifikasi Varietas Padi Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Digital dan Analisis Diskriminan adnan, adnan; Widiastuti, Mira Landep; Wahyuni, Sri
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 2 (2015): Agustus 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Identification of the authenticity of variety is importantÂ in order to ensure the purly of rice variety. Variety identificationÂ based on visual traits is a common technique, but it is difficult toÂ be applied when ones encounter almost similar varieties. AnÂ alternative technique is using the image processing analysisÂ combined with the discriminant analysis. The research objectivesÂ were: (1) to develop the geometrical, shape and textural descriptionÂ of rice varieties (Ciherang, Inpari 10 and Inpari 13) generatedÂ based on the image process properties, (2) to determine selectiveÂ geometry, shape and texture variables, and (3) to identify riceÂ variety using discriminant analysis. Digital image of rice grainsÂ was captured by a scanner, then was quantified by image processÂ application in order to generate geometry, shape and texture data.Â Discriminant model was built using 5 of 17 input variables thatÂ have strong discriminant power. Discriminant model represented85.9% of the data variability. The model accuracy based on theÂ cross validation method for Ciherang, Inpari 10 dan Inpari 13Â varieties was 53.6%, 52.8% dan 76.0%, respectively. Image processÂ technology and discriminant analysis has a potential as a techniqueÂ for identifying rice variety based on the seed physical criteria.Â Further works need to be done in order to increase the accuracyÂ of the model.

Kelayakan Finansial Penerapan Teknologi Budi Daya Jagung pada Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan Syuryawati, Syuryawati; Faesal, Faesal
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Cultivation of maize applying integrated crop management approach (ICM) is an attempt to obtain higher productivity and better income for farmers, through an optimum production efficiency. Research was conducted to study the feasibility of the recommended maize production technology by verifying its selected components on the rainfed area. The components included: plant population, planting method, and rates of fertilizers. The research was conducted in Pangkep and Barru on rainfed areas, involving farmersâ groups as participants, each site from May to September 2012, and July to October 2012, respectively. Results indicated that the optimum rate of N fertilizer on the rainfed was 202.5-225 kg N/ha to increase farmerâs income. Plant population of 66,666 plants/ha was considered optimum on plant spacing of 75 cm x 20 cm or paired rows of (100-50) cm x 20 cm, each giving yield and benefit of relatively similar. Hybrid varieties evaluation indicated that Bima-3 Bantimurung produced higher yield than did Bisi-2, the highest yield was 12.07 t/ha with the benefit of Rp 22,457,625/ha. The MBCR in Pangkep was 8.31 and in Barru was 7.50. The cost of production per kg of grain of Bima-3 Bantimurung was lower, at Rp 640-750/kg. Integration technology components comprise of fertilizers, planting method, and superior variety is recommended for an efficient and profitable maize farming on the rainfed areas.

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