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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 273 Documents

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Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Jagung pada Berbagai Jarak Tanam Yulisma, Yulisma
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 3 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

This study was aimed to determine the effect of varieties and spaces of planting on growth and yield of maize, using a split plot design with three replications. Main plots were V1 (Local), V2 (Bisma), V3 (Bisi 10) and V4 (P 21), and subplots were planting spacing, i.e. K1 (30 cm x 40 cm), K2 (40 cm x 40 cm), K3 (50 cm x 40 cm), K4 (60 cm x 40 cm), K5 (70 cm x 40 cm). Variety significantly affected on plant height at the age of 2-8 weeks after planting, whereas the total leaf area was significantly affected on the age of 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting. Dry weight of plants was significantly affected at the age of 4 and 8 weeks after planting. Net assimilation rate was significantly affected at the age of 2-4 weeks after planting. Spacing treatments significantly affected on plant height at the age of 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting. Grain yield increased from 1,081 kg to 5,249 kg/ha with an increase of plant spacing from 30 cm x 40 cm to 70 cm x 40 cm. Hybrid variety produced yield higher than that of open pollinated ones. The highest productivity as much as 7,994 kg/ha was obtained by hybrid P 21 with the plant spacing of 50 x 40 cm, followed by hybrid Bisi 10 (7,508 kg/ha), local variety (5,803 kg/ha), Bisma (5,345 kg/ha) with the same plant spacing of 50 cm x 40 cm.

Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim terhadap Produksi Tanaman Pangan di Provinsi Maluku Santoso, Agung Budi
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

This study was aimed to determine the impact of climate change on food crops performance in the Maluku province, based on the climatological data from 1995 to 2012, and to find out crop commodities that are adaptable to climate change. This study used four models of trend analysis: linear least square pattern, quadratic, exponential, and moving averages. The results of forecasting were used to estimate food crop production in the year of climate change to determine the impact of climate change on crop production. Results showed that soybean was the most sensitive crop to climate change, it had the biggest impact on production, yield declined on both El Nino (10.7%) and La Nina (11.4%). Paddy which is generally cultivated on the wetlands, El Nino had the smallest effect on a decrease of production of 2.9% and 2.4% increased on the La Nina. Corn production decreased 7.4% on the El Nino and 3.9% increased during the La Nina. Sweet potatoes was the most resistant crop to climate change, the impact was increased production by 2.5% during El Nino. To reduce the impacts of climate changes could be done through some efforts, namely: (1) to identify areas of potential drought, floods, pests and diseases endemic based on climate and soil conditions, (2) to develop prediction techniques, based on weather and climate forecasts to provide early warning to farmers, (3) to prepare and disseminate a package of technology which is able to withstand the adverse conditions of the El Nino and La Nina, including varieties, pest and disease prevention, and production inputs which are easily obtained by farmers, (4) to improve irrigation and drainage channels, mainly on the paddy fields to increase production capacity and to prevent crop failure during the dry season.

PERKEMBANGAN POPULASI TIKUS SAWAH PADA LAHAN SAWAH IRIGASI DALAM POLA INDEKS PERTANAMAN PADI 300 Sudarmaji, Sudarmaji
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Agustus 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

As the main pest in rice crop, the rice field rats have to be controlled to anticipate yield loss. A specific study was conducted in ICRR field station in the period of August 2007-August 2008 within a 150 ha of intensified cropping area. The aim of this research was to study the population growth of the rice field rat in this intensified cropping system. The planting date was scheduled in such a way, so there will be three times of harvesting within a year.Â Rat population sampling was performed by using Trap Barrier System (TBS) and Linear Trap Barrier System (LTBS). Seven units of TBS (25 m x 25 m) were set randomly either in their main habitats or the edge of the rice cropping area. A single unit of 10,000 m LTBS supported with 150 traps was erected surrounding all through the area. A regular daily counting was done to estimate the rat population based on the number of rat captured from TBS and LTBS. The level of rat damage and yield loss were other variables have been recorded. The results depicted that there was a significant increase of rat population growth which started from the first planting season through the next seasons (Planting season-2 and planting season-3). The rat captured from TBS increased significantly from 224 individuals during the planting season-1 to 492 and 677 animals during the next two planting seasons, respectively. The same figures were also performed from the rat captured from the LTBS, which increased from 429 rats in the plating season-1 to 1,423 and 1,733 individuals in the planting season-2 and 3, respectively. Rat attack within the three planting seasons were classified as light damage (<20%) and the average of rice yield was around 5.54-7.83 t/ha.

Identifikasi Varietas Contoh untuk Karakter Penciri Spesifik sebagai Penunjang Harmonisasi Pengujian BUSS Padi Sitaresmi, Trias; Yunani, N.; Zakki, K. A.F.; Mulsanti, Indria W.; Utomo, Sudibyo T.W.; Daradjat, A. A.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 32, No 3 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

DUS testing (distinctness, uniformity, stability) for a new variety is required for plant variety protection, using international standard method stated on the test guideline. Identification of specific traits needs to be done, in order to obtain stable characters that are valid to be used as standard variety to represent appearance of class-specific characters. This study aims to 1) evaluate specific/asteric characters (*) according to UPOV descriptors; 2) Identify genotypes that can be used as standard varieties for the appearance of specific characters in the process of harmonization of DUS testing among rice producing countries in Southeast Asia. Activities included characterization of 56 genotypes of irrigated and upland rice and were carried out at the Experimental Station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research in Sukamandi, West Java, from September 2011 to January 2012. Observation of plant characters was based on PPU. The result showed that from 43 of class expression of asteric qualitative characters (*), only 28 class expressions were identified in the materials. The characters class expressions are represented by 25 genotypes/varieties. Another eleven more characters asteric (character essential for the harmonization of test results for the PVP), which were not represented by the candidate sample varieties in this study need to identified.

Produksi Tiga Varietas Kedelai Akibat Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Pieter, Yuniati; Mejaya, Made Jana
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 2, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Soybean production at farmer level is still low, which ranges between 0.6-2.0 ton ha-1and average of 1.3 ton ha-1. Meanwhile, yield potential shows up to 3.0 ton ha-1. This big yield gap present an opportunity to increase yield through productivity approach, as well as other treatment including the use of inorganic and bio-fertilizers. An experimet has been executed to observe the production of 3 soybean varieties as affected by inorganic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer. The experiment was implemented at the Sugihan village, of the sub-district of Toroh, at Grobogan district, Central Java, in June â Sept 2014. The experiment was arranged in nested design with 2 factors, namely fertilization and variety, and in 3 replications. Three levels of fertilization were (1) Control (= Â½ Recommended dose, i.e.Urea (25 kg ha-1), SP-36 (50 kg ha-1), and KCl (50 kg ha-1), (2) Fertilizer A (= Control + F-1 Biofertilizer), and (3) Fertilizer B (=Control + commercial biofertilizer). Meanwhile, varieties of soybean used were Grobogan, Gema and Dering. The trials were implemented in 2 lands with different history, i.e. former land of rice plants that are subjected to site-specific nutrient fertilization (PHSL) and former land of rice plants with farmer treatment (Non-PHSL). The result showed that there is no significant difference caused by interaction between variety and fertilizer factors. Soybean variety was found to be main factor determining production level, while fertilizer treatment showed no significant effect on yield. The highest production (observed through square plot method) was found from Grobogan variety. Weight of 100 grain was identified as yield component with strongest correlation to soybean yield.Â

Efektivitas Kombinasi Amelioran dan Pupuk Kandang dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Kedelai pada Tanah Ultisol Sudaryono, Sudaryono; Wijanarko, Andy; Suyamto, Suyamto
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Major constraint in soybean production on Ultisol soil includes: high soil acidity, veryhigh Al and Fe level, low organic matter, nutrient deficiency, low of base saturation and cation exchange capacity (CEC). This study was aimed at finding an optimal dose and combination of organic manure and soil ameliorants to achieve high yield of soybean in Ultisol soil in Lampung. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI), Malang, East Java, and on a dry land of Rumbia district, Lampung Tengah, in the 2005 growing season. Four series of experiments were conducted in the greenhouse using four different ameliorants (dolomite, zeolite, limestone, and organic ameliorant Formula 1). The glasshouse trial was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors and four replications. The first factor consisted of five ameliorant levels, namely 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 kg/ha. The second factor consisted of four manure levels, namely 0, 500, 100, and 1500 kg/ha. In the field experiment, a randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Two ameliorants, dolomite and zeolite, were used and the treatment combinations were the same as those in the glasshouse trial. Results indicated that ameliorant zeolite, dolomite, limestone, and Formula 1 increased plant height, seed weight (yield/pot), and yield of soybean in the field. The effective dose of ameliorant application to achieve 2.0-2.5 t/ha soybean yield was a combination of 500-100 kg/ha manure and 150-450 kg/ha each one of the ameliorants dolomite, zeolite, lime or Formula 1. An effective way to apply the soil ameliorant was by placing it in the planting hole or by distributing it along the plant rows. The use of ameliorant in the form of organic Formula 1 can be reduced down to 2,500 kg/ha. The need of ameliorant in the form of natural mineral (dolomite, zeolite, limestone) can be reduced down to 1,500 kg/ha. Combinations of ameliorant with organic manure showed increase of the effectiveness of the amelioration on Ultisol soil. The optimum combination of soil ameliorant and organic manure was 500 to 1,000 kg/ha organic manure and 150 to 450 kg/ha ameliorant.

Perkembangan Pradewasa dan Kemampuan Hidup Predator Verania lineata Thurnberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) pada Tanaman Padi Varietas Rojolele Transgenik Usyati, N.; Buchori, Damayanti; Manuwoto, Syafrida; Hidayat, Purnama; Loedin, Inez H. Slamet
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 3 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The use of transgenic varieties on the agricultural production system may provide some agronomical benefits. However, uses of transgenic variety have raised some debates about their potential negative impact on the environment, such as on the decreasing of natural enemies. To study the impact of transgenic variety to the natural enemies, study was conducted on larvae development, and the survival of predatoral insect (V. lineata) on the transgenic Rojolele rice variety. Test was conducted at the laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Biotechnology of Indonesian Institute of Science, from January to October 2009. Completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 30 replications were employed. The treatments were transgenic Rojolele rice as follow: 4.2.3-28-15-2-7 and 4.2.4-21-8-16-4 lines contained fusion of two cry genes (cryIB-cryIAa). The 3R9-8-28-26-2 and 3R7-8-15-2-7 lines contained mpi::cryIB gene, the T9-6.11-420 line contained cryIAb gene obtained by particle bombardment, DTcry (azygous) is a segregate and does not contain cry gene (null), DTcry-13 line contained cryIAb gene by Agrobacterium, and non transgenic rice (Rojolele variety). Results showed that there were differences of larvae development and survival of insect predator V. lineata fed on the among transgenic rice lines. On transgenic line T9-6.11-420 and on DTcry-13 line the life time, developmental stages, the number eclosion of adult female, adult insect weight, and survival of the preimaginal and the adult of insect predator were consistently low. On the transgenic line 4.2.3-28-15-2-7; 3R9-8-28-26-2; and 3R7-8-15-2-7 each had no consistent effect on the larvae development and the survival of insect predator. DTcry (azygous) line had no effect on the larvae development and the survival of insect predator. Whereas transgenic line 4.2.4-21-8-16-4 had an effect on the adult weight of insect predator.

Similarity of 26 New Released Rice Varieties and Rice Parental Hybrids Based on 36 SSR Markers Susanto, Untung; Satoto, Satoto; Rohmah, Nofi A.; Mejaya, Made Jana
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 2 (2014): Agustus 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

More than 200 rice varieties had been released in Indonesia, but the genetic variability among those released varieties was suspected to be relatively low. Molecular markers, especially SSR could be used as a tool to disect the distinctness among rice genotypes, albeit phenotipically similar varieties. The technique could also be used to prove the authenticity of a variety. This research was aimed to obtain DNA fingerprinting data of new released rice varieties and hybrid parental lines using SSR markers. A total of 26 rice genotypes consisted of three upland, ten irrigated, five swampy rice varieties, along with eight hybrid parental lines were used in this experiments. The DNA was extracted from young leaf samples using CTAB modified method and was amplified with 36 SSR markers linked to important rice traits which spread accross the 12 rice chromosomes. The experiment was conducted in Plant Breeding Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) during 2012. The results showed that PIC value of the genotypes were mostly at medium level of the genetic diversity with the average value of 0.4451. The phylogenetic analysis showed that at the genetic distance of 10%, the genotypes were separated into 9 groups, i.e. Inpago 6, Inpara 5, and BH33d each stood alone while (Inpara 1, Inpara 2 , and Inpara 3); (Inpari 18 and Inpari 19, Inpago 4, Inpago 5, and Inpara 4); (Inpari 11, Inpari 12, Inpari 13, Inpari 14, Inpari 15, Inpari 16, Inpari 17, and Inpari 20); (GMJ6B, B6, and IR79156B); (PK21, BH95E, Bio9, and R14) each belong to one group. The grouping of the genotypes in this study seemed to follow the adaptation type to agro ecosystems. The hybrid parental lines tended to stay in different group from the inbred varieties. The application of these 36 SSR markers was able to distinguish among 26 genotypes rather distinctly.The use of more markers should give more powerful data to distinguish among genotypes.

Stabilitas dan Potensi Hasil Varietas Unggul Baru Padi Hibrida Satoto, Satoto; Mejaya, Made Jana; Widyastuti, Y.; Rumanti, I. A.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 32, No 2 (2013): Agustus 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Nineteen field experiments were conducted in the provinces of West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Bali, during the 2008 dry season and the 2008/2009 wet season, to determine yield potential, yield stability, resistance to pests and diseases, and to evaluate the grain qualities of five introduced hybrid rice varieties and four hybrids from the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). In each location, the experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, using 4 m x 5 m plot size. Observations were made on grain yields, yield components, plant resistant to major pests and diseases, and grain quality. The plant resistance to brown plant hopper (BPH), bacterial leaf blight (BLB), and tungro was evaluated at the glasshouse. Results showed that in some locations the hybrid rice yielded significantly higher than did inbred variety Ciherang, but it was inconsistence over locations. In the dry season, the average yields of hybrid rice were higher than those in the wet season. The average yield of two hybrids, namely MR1 and H30 over 19 locations was each significantly higher than that of Ciherang, however, the difference was not more than 9.6%. These two hybrids were found adaptive to all locations. Hybrid MR1 was resistant to BLB [Xanthomonas oryzae pv, oryzae (Xoo) patotipe III], whereas H30 was moderately resistant to Xoo pathotype III and BPH biotype 3. The amylose contents of MR1 and H30 was medium and the head rice percentages was >80%.

Evaluasi Ketahanan Sumber Daya Genetik Kedelai terhadap Cekaman Salinitas Putri, Pratanti Haksiwi; Anggoro Susanto, Gatut Wahyu; Taufiq, Abdullah
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 1, No 3 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sensitive to salinity stress. The availability of soybean cultivar tolerant to salinity stress is the main key of succeeding of soybean cultural practice on saline affected land. Objective of the research was to evaluate the resistance of soybean germplasms to salinity stress. The research was conducted on saline affected soil in Lamongan District during the dry season (May-August) 2016. Nineteen soybean genotypes that were selected from previous salinity test in the green house were reevaluated in the field using a randomized block design with three replications. Wilis cultivar (sensitive to salinity) used as check. Variable observations consisted of soil properties before planting, number of plant grow at 13 and 41 days after sowing (DAS), plant height at 41, 56 and 71 DAS, chlorophyll content index at 27, 41 and 56 DAS, soil EC at 71 DAS, number of harvested plants, yield and yield components. The results showed that among 19 genotypes tested, only five genotypes that survived up to harvest with plant population 30-50% at high salinity level. Salinity reduced plant population more than 50%, and plant height only 50% from its normal height. Based on soil EC, plant population at harvest, and yield, genotype Karat 13, Grayak 3 and Grayak 5 were identified adaptive to high salinity level with soil EC 11,7-14,4 dS/m, while MLGG 0160 were identified adaptive to moderate salinity level with soil EC up to 9,1 dS/m.

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