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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 168   169   170   171   172 
Analyzing and Modeling Toll Road Service Performance: TRSQ Model and Emerging Influencing Variables Raharjo, Efendhi P.; Candrarahayu, Anisa M.; Prastiyo, Imam B.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-020

Abstract

The construction of toll roads supports economic and social mobility while driving regional development. However, toll road services face challenges such as deteriorating road quality, lack of facilities, and traffic disruptions due to accidents or repairs. This study aims to identify variables, examine their relationships, and develop a model for the factors influencing toll road services. The research uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches with explanatory research. The initial model of variables refers to the TRSQ model, which includes information, accessibility, reliability, mobility, safety and security, rest areas, and responsiveness. A questionnaire instrument is used and tested with SPSS for data validity and reliability. The data is then processed with SmartPLS to examine the relationships between variables. The results show a positive and significant impact on toll road service performance. However, 36.9% of toll road service performance is influenced by factors outside the model. To identify additional variables, bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and expert opinions was used. The findings revealed that environmental factors, innovation, climate change, and public-private partnerships also affect toll road service performance. This led to the development of a model that serves as a framework for improving toll road service quality.
Effect of Signal Filtering on Metaheuristic-Based Structural Parameter Identification in Shear Building Models González-Pérez, Carlos A.; De-la-Colina, Jaime; Valdés-González, Jesús
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-04

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of three metaheuristic algorithms—Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)—for identifying lateral interstory stiffness and the modal damping ratio in two-dimensional shear building models. The main objective is to estimate these parameters using time-domain displacement, velocity, and acceleration data, assuming known floor masses and unknown input excitation that primarily excites translational vibration modes. Three structural configurations with 2, 3, and 5 stories are analyzed to assess the scalability and robustness of each algorithm. To assess the effect of signal filtering on the performance of the algorithms, white noise is added to the synthetic response data at six levels ranging from 0% to 5% of the root mean square (RMS) amplitude. A sixth-order Butterworth filter is applied to evaluate the effect of signal preprocessing, and results obtained with and without filtering are compared. The results show that all three algorithms achieve acceptable levels of accuracy, even under noisy conditions. Filtering consistently improves identification accuracy, especially in high-noise conditions. In the most challenging case (5% noise, 5-story model), the average identification errors were 5.042% for GA, 5.106% for DE, and 5.035% for PSO. The findings underscore the practical value of integrating signal filtering with metaheuristic optimization for robust structural system identification in noise-contaminated environments. To account for the random nature of the algorithms, all results reported correspond to the average of 10 independent runs per identification scenario to ensure reliable performance evaluation.
Advancing Seismic Performance: Experimental Behavior of Hybridized Steel-FRP Composite Bars Agamy, Mohamed H.; Gouda, Ahmed; Mostafa, Ibrahim T.; Nassar, Omar F.; EL Said Issa, Heba Mohamed; Ahmed, Ahmed M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-018

Abstract

This study investigates the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns reinforced with hybrid Steel-FRP Composite Bars (SFCBs), offering a sustainable alternative to conventional steel and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement. Eight large-scale RC columns, measuring 400 × 400 mm in cross-section and 1850 mm in height, were tested under combined cyclic and axial loading to simulate seismic conditions. The experimental variables included SFCB diameters (14 mm, 18 mm, 22 mm), axial load ratios (20%, 30%, 40%), and stirrup spacing (80 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm). The results indicate that SFCBs can effectively replace traditional steel reinforcement, providing comparable load-bearing capacity while significantly improving durability. Columns reinforced with SFCBs demonstrated superior initial stiffness and achieved higher drift ratios than steel-reinforced columns, exceeding the limits set by international design codes (ACI 440.2R, CSA S806-12, Eurocode 8) with maximum drift ratios of up to 6.5%. Increasing the SFCB diameter from 14 mm to 22 mm enhanced peak load capacity by 14%–20% and improved drift ratios by up to 113%. However, higher axial load ratios and wider stirrup spacing were found to reduce ductility. Specifically, increasing the axial load ratio from 20% to 40% decreased ductility by 13.46%, while increasing stirrup spacing from 80 mm to 150 mm reduced ductility by 8.90%. These findings underscore the potential of SFCBs to enhance the performance of RC columns in seismic and corrosive environments, offering a durable and sustainable solution for modern infrastructure. To the authors' knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive investigation into the behavior of SFCB-reinforced RC columns under combined cyclic and axial loading, providing valuable insights for the design of resilient concrete structures.
Improving Efficiency and Accuracy in Construction Sales Valuation via Random Search Optimization Khatatbeh, Ahmed A.; Alzubi, Yazan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-011

Abstract

The valuation of construction project sales depends on various economic variables and indices. While accurate cost predictions support financial planning and risk management, traditional grid-search optimization-based machine learning techniques often demand extensive computational resources for training and optimization, especially when large datasets require comprehensive machine learning models. Recent investigations highlighted that random search optimization can shorten the training time of ensemble machine learning methods. Nevertheless, its effectiveness for construction project cost valuation, especially when examining model accuracy and training time, is still unclear. This research examines the usability of random search optimization for machine learning models in construction project sales valuation and compares it with the standard grid search approach. A large dataset with 103 inputs from 372 construction projects is used as the basis of the investigation. Six different machine learning models are designed and optimized under grid search and random search approaches to evaluate training time and predictive accuracy. The study results indicate that random search optimization cuts training time by up to 70% and preserves a high level of accuracy, with the best-performing model achieving an R² of 0.98 on the test set. These findings highlight random search optimization as a strong alternative to grid search, providing significant computational savings without harming model performance. The study offers guidance on effective hyperparameter tuning methods that may facilitate scalable and budget-friendly predictive models for construction project valuation.
Influence of Emulsion Type and Moisture on the Stiffness of Stabilized Granular Soil de Medeiros, Alexandre S.; da Silva, Marcelino A. V.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-07

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate how moisture content affects the stiffness of a gravelly-sandy soil stabilized with asphalt emulsion, considering different types of emulsion (medium- and slow-setting) and modified compaction energy. Dynamic triaxial tests were carried out to determine the stiffness of specimens at different moisture contents, considering the dry and wet branches of the compaction curve, all stabilized with 2% asphalt emulsion. The influence of moisture content and emulsion type was assessed using robust analysis of variance (ANOVA), allowing the evaluation of statistical significance and the interaction between factors. The results showed that the stiffness of the stabilized soil is strongly influenced by moisture content, with a peak value observed near the optimum moisture (~8.2%). The slow-setting (SS) emulsion achieved the best performance, reaching 938.94 MPa, representing a 452.32% increase compared to the untreated soil. The medium-setting (MS) emulsion also produced a significant stiffness gain (375.29%). Statistical analysis indicated that emulsion type was the most influential factor (Q = 1747; p = 0.001). This study contributes to the literature by experimentally and statistically demonstrating how moisture content and emulsion type affect the stiffness of stabilized soils.
Rehabilitation of Partially Corrosion-Damaged Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Alsuwaidi, Hadif; Habib, Ahed; Al-Sadoon, Zaid A.; Maalej, Mohamed; Altoubat, Salah; Barakat, Samer; Junaid, M. Talha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-014

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the deterioration and rehabilitation of post-tensioned (PT) concrete structures affected by chloride-induced corrosion. Through a detailed case study in the United Arab Emirates, the research identifies moisture ingress and inadequate waterproofing as primary contributors to corrosion in PT tendons and ducts, significantly compromising structural integrity. A rigorous evaluation using nondestructive and semi-destructive testing techniques was conducted to quantify damage and determine the extent of degradation. The results revealed severe corrosion in critical structural elements, necessitating targeted intervention to restore performance and durability. To address these challenges, an integrated rehabilitation strategy was developed, incorporating structural repairs, strengthening through carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), and advanced waterproofing techniques. The adopted approach involved enlarging load-bearing components and applying CFRP to enhance flexural strength while minimizing aesthetic alterations. Experimental findings demonstrated that CFRP reinforcement increased slab flexural strength by 30% and reduced crack widths by 23%, effectively mitigating corrosion-related deterioration and extending service life. Furthermore, micro-concrete was utilized in all enlargement locations in compliance with ACI standards, ensuring long-term durability. The proposed rehabilitation framework offers a sustainable solution for extending the service life of PT structures exposed to aggressive environmental conditions. By addressing both immediate structural deficiencies and underlying degradation mechanisms, the strategy enhances resilience and reduces future maintenance requirements. The integration of CFRP strengthening, epoxy crack injection, and advanced waterproofing measures significantly improves corrosion resistance and structural longevity.
Advanced Geogrid Reinforcement Strategies for Superior Bearing Capacity and Settlement Control in Square Shallow Foundations Tawfeeq, Reem Siham; Salih, Bilal Muiassar M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-019

Abstract

Recently, many research studies on square-shaped soil foundations have failed to achieve acceptable results due to their low resistance, in addition to the expected settlement of these foundations when constructed on weak granular soil. This study aims to overcome the low resistance and excessive settlement of square shallow foundations on weak granular soils by developing advanced geogrid reinforcement strategies to enhance load-bearing capacity and control settlement. A series of scaled laboratory experiments were conducted on simulated weak soil profiles, varying three key parameters—the depth of geogrid reinforcement layers, the width of each geogrid layer, and the number of layers—while quantifying performance through the Bearing Capacity Ratio (BCR) and Settlement Reduction Ratio (SRR); these empirical results were complemented by theoretical derivations of novel mathematical models to predict reinforced foundation behavior under diverse difficulty conditions. Experimental outcomes reveal that multilayer geogrid systems substantially elevate BCR and diminish settlement, with optimal configurations achieving up to a 60% improvement in bearing capacity and a 50% reduction in settlement compared to unreinforced foundations, and that deeper placement and additional layers yield significant yet progressively smaller gains. The proposed approach uniquely employs insulating geogrid layers to prevent water ingress and moisture infiltration—preserving structural integrity and imparting anti-settlement properties—and introduces high-precision predictive models; furthermore, the multilayer arrangement creates a barrier against moisture migration, reducing long-term settlement risks under fluctuating groundwater conditions, and cost analysis indicates that the optimal configurations deliver superior performance with minimal additional material investment, offering a cost-effective and geotechnically sound solution for foundation engineering.
Mechanical Characteristics of Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe Strengthened by EPS and CFRP Liner Zhai, Kejie; Dang, Mingzhe; Zhang, Yi; Chen, Qiang; Li, Bin; Wang, Niannian; Du, Xueming; Cui, Penglu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-06

Abstract

Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) has been applied in many large-scale hydraulic engineering projects around the world. And the prestressed wire breakage is the most common form of PCCP damage. Traditional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) liner techniques fail to fully exploit the tensile performance of CFRP. Therefore, the method of using EPS cushion and CFRP liner to strengthen the PCCP with broken wire is proposed in this study. To clarify the effect of the proposed method, a finite element three-dimensional model is established and validated using experimental data. Subsequently, the effects of EPS thickness, CFRP thickness, and wire breakage ratio on the stress-strain response of the PCCP are analyzed. Based on different failure modes of the pipe, the influence of EPS and CFRP thickness on the internal pressure bearing capacity is discussed. The study reveals that the synergistic action of the EPS cushion can effectively enhance the internal pressure bearing capacity of the PCCP. As the thickness of EPS cushion and CFRP increases, the bearing capacity almost linearly increases. Under the influence of internal pressure, visible cracks first appear in the concrete core, followed by yielding of the steel cylinder, and finally the steel wire stress reaches its ultimate strength.
Predictive Modeling of CSH Formation in Cement Materials Based on SEM and EDS Analysis Beskopylny, Alexey N.; Hematibahar, Mohammad; Kharun, Makhmud; Stel'makh, Sergei A.; Shcherban', Evgenii M.; Ananova, Oxana
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-017

Abstract

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) formation is a fundamental process required to enhance the density, strength, and durability of cementitious materials. However, there is a gap in the research on the structural, physical, and chemical transformations of CSH. The objectives of this study are to develop a predictive model of CSH formation in cementitious materials and evaluate the effects of gelatin powder (GP), silica fume (MS), ground coffee (SCG), and peanut shell (PS) on CSH formation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) apply to the study of the composite cementitious materials. A multiple linear regression model is proposed to predict the changes of key elements, which improved the qualitative and quantitative understanding of the hydration mechanisms. The results show that GP significantly accelerates CSH formation by increasing the calcium and oxygen contents, while MS enhances pozzolanic activity by increasing the availability of silicon, resulting in structural densification. SCG contributes to the increase of carbon and oxygen by acting as a filler, while PS has minimal effect on hydration or crystallization. A regression model relating cement mix design proportions and CSH shows strong correlations between admixtures and chemical changes, particularly for calcium (R²=0.988) and silica (R²=0.985). To fill the existing research gaps, this study goes beyond previous studies, which primarily focused on individual aspects of CSH formation without considering the convergence of structural and chemical analysis.
Structural and Soil Deformations in Non-Invert and Circular Tunnels: A Centrifuge and Numerical Analysis Dawood, Abdulaleem; Ueno, Katsutoshi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-02

Abstract

Non-invert tunnels are often chosen to reduce initial construction costs compared to circular tunnels, but they frequently require expensive maintenance. Despite their widespread use, limited research has quantified the differences in material requirements (steel and concrete) between these two designs. This study compares the internal forces and material demands of circular and non-invert tunnels using centrifuge model tests and numerical analysis. A combined approach using 40g centrifuge testing and parametric analysis in OPTUM G2 assesses bending moments, lining shear forces, and shear stress distributions. Three tunnel diameters (9 m, 12 m, and 16 m) are analyzed across depth ratios (H/D = 10, 7, 5, and 1), covering eight reinforced concrete lining designs. Results show that circular tunnels have more uniform stress distributions in the lining and surrounding soil, leading to lower bending moments and shear forces. In contrast, non-invert tunnels exhibit stress concentrations near the lower fulcrum corners and spring line. Due to their uniform stress distribution, circular tunnels become more material-efficient than non-invert at greater depths and larger diameters, reducing steel use by up to 36% despite requiring up to 19% more concrete. Non-invert tunnels, however, use less material at shallow depths, saving up to 14% in steel and 23% in concrete.

Page 170 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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