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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 170   171   172   173   174 
SEM-Based Decision Support Model for Cost-Quality Impact Analysis on a Fast-Track Project’s Duration Sultan, Mustafa; Hassan, Ishtiaq; Safdar Gardezi, Syed Shujaa
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-017

Abstract

The fast-track technique was introduced to mitigate time overruns and meet project deadlines; however, limited understanding exists regarding how cost and quality-related decisions influence the duration of such projects. This study aims to analyze the impact of cost and quality variances on project duration, ultimately proposing a decision support model tailored for fast-track high-rise building projects. Data were collected from 159 respondents and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), through which four hypotheses were formulated. The findings reveal that both cost and quality variances significantly affect project duration, with quality variance also exerting a notable influence on project cost. Mediation analysis further demonstrated that cost variance serves as a statistically significant mediator between quality variation and project duration. The R² values of the proposed model indicate that 78.4% of the variation in project duration can be attributed to changes in cost and quality, while 72.9% of the variation in project cost is linked to quality changes. The Importance–Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) identified the early procurement of long-lead-time items, the adoption of a scope-freeze approach during the early design phase, and the over-design of facilities as the most critical and best-performing decisions. The model introduces novel β-values and confirms the statistically significant relationships among cost, quality, and time. Additionally, model validation metrics—including Q², RMSE, MAE, and CVPAT—demonstrated strong out-of-sample predictive power of the proposed framework.
Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Treated with PVDs and Vacuum-Surcharge Preloading Le, Nghia Trong; Nguyen, Kien Trung; Nguyen, Minh Trung
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-024

Abstract

Prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) combined with vacuum-surcharge preloading is a widely used ground improvement technique to accelerate the dissipation of excess pore water pressure and reduce the soil compressibility. However, difficulties in the numerical simulations of water dissipation and equivalent permeability of soil with PVDs in three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) settings cause substantial deviation of numerical results from observational data. Moreover, the optimum length of PVDs has not been well documented. Accordingly, this work analyzes a project in Dong Nai, Vietnam, where a 37-meter-thick soft soil was treated with PVDs and vacuum-surcharge preloading. In this work, the field observations and finite element method with consolidation theory were used to analyze the ground settlements, lateral displacements, and excess pore water pressure. The observed and simulated data shows that (i) the rate of settlements in the first 60 days of increasing preloading pressure is about 2.1 times faster than that in the next 110 days of constant preloading pressure, (ii) at 170 days, the ground-surface lateral displacement at the toe of the embankment is around 50 mm and reaches its maximum value of 150 mm at 1.55 m depth, and (iii) the dissipation of pore water pressure is closely correlated with the settlement rate. Moreover, back analysis indicates that a permeability conversion ratio from 1.872 to 4.538 should be applied to achieve the same degree of consolidation between 3D and 2D models. Lastly, the optimum length of PVDs in this project is 28 m, around 76% of the fully penetrated length into the soft layer.
Glow-Wire Analysis of Polypropylene Blends for Mechanical and Marine Engineering Applications Firdaus, Himma; Supono, Ihsan; Pratama, Anandito Adam; Istanto, Iwan; Prabowo, Aditya Rio; Kusnandar, Nanang; Kasiyanto, Iput; Wijaya, Rahman; Lailiyah, Qudsiyyatul; Budiana, Eko Prasetya; Yaningsih, Indri; Akbar, Hammar Ilham; Imanullah, Fahmi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-018

Abstract

Polymer materials are widely used due to their versatility; however, their vulnerability to fire is a significant concern, especially under electrical influences on engineered mechanical designs and marine structure applications. This study examines the fire resistance of a polypropylene (PP) blend using Glow-Wire Flammability Index (GWFI) and Glow-Wire Ignition Temperature (GWIT) tests. While previous research typically relies on flame-retardants to address flammability, this work proposes using a simple 1:1 weight ratio blend of two distinct PP types. This specific PP blend was selected to provide balanced material properties and improved processing consistency. The results from glow-wire tests were compared with previous findings to evaluate flammability performance. Our findings reveal that although the PP blend offers enhanced fire resistance compared to neat PP, it remains inferior to PP-containing flame-retardant additives. The outcomes suggest that this blended PP may be suitable for applications where mechanical properties, cost-effectiveness, and recyclability precede fire resistance, such as engineered automotive interiors, mechanical design of marine transportation, and low-risk electrical components in engineering infrastructure. This initial research contributes valuable insights into the fire behavior of PP blends. Moreover, it establishes a foundation for future investigations into polymer fire resistance, encouraging additional glow-wire testing on other polymer systems.
Driving Economic Value: Assessing the Financial Impact of Dynamic Message Signs on Freeways Abushattal, Mousa Ahmad; Alhomaidat, Fadi; Alsanat, Husam; Kwigizile, Valerian; Isaria Mwende, Sia
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-023

Abstract

Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs) are an integral feature of any Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), providing drivers with real-time information such as travel time, incidents, routes, and weather conditions. This study aims to estimate the economic impacts associated with DMS use for route choice, weather advisories, and work zone management on freeways. Several freeway locations with varying levels of traffic congestion were selected to ensure a comprehensive evaluation under diverse conditions. Travel time savings and speed reductions were used as performance metrics to assess Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCRs) for each application. The findings show that DMSs yield substantial economic advantages across all use cases. For route guidance messages with a 35% diversion rate, the BCR was 1.032, indicating a cost-effective investment. Weather advisory messages recommending speed reduction achieved a notably higher BCR of 6.0, reflecting strong safety and financial benefits. Work zone applications using Portable Changeable Message Signs (PCMS) projected a BCR of 1.22. This study offers a data-driven justification for DMS deployment and contributes to the literature by focusing on financial performance, supporting strategic investment decisions beyond qualitative or operational assessments.
Enhancing Operating Rules for Water Pumping Stations Under Transient Flow Conditions by Using Surge Tanks Abdulameer, Layth; Shemal, Khalid; Al-Maimuri, Najah M. L.; Al-Khafaji, Mahmoud Saleh; Al-Dujaili, Ahmed N.; Rashid, Farhan Lafta
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-015

Abstract

With an emphasis on Pump Station 1 (PS1) of the Basra Water Project (Open Canal) in Iraq, this study examines the essential hydraulic parameters of water pumping stations under transient flow situations. The study assesses the effects of routine operations, unexpected shutdowns, and surge tank installations on pressure stability and system flexibility using hydraulic modeling with HAMMER V8i. The findings show notable changes in pressure during brief occurrences. An abrupt shutdown without surge tank protection resulted in minimum pressures of 12.5 m in pipes L1 and L2, exposing them to hydraulic transient effects. The maximum pipe pressure under normal circumstances was 17.5 m (L3). Because of its exposure to low-pressure occurrences, the analysis identifies L1 as the most in-danger pipeline. It has been demonstrated that traditional operating procedures, which frequently ignore transient dynamics, increase the probability of service disruption and lead to inefficiency. In contrast, adding surge tanks reduces pressure variability and lessens the impacts of the water hammer, significantly increasing pressure stability, especially when three tanks are used. The results highlight how adaptable operational procedures are essential for employing and managing water delivery systems. According to the study findings, adding surge tanks improves durability and performance while lowering the risks of transient flow occurrences. This offers a guide for restructuring water pumping station operations.
Response of Long-term Cyclic Laterally Loaded Monopiles in Sand Khalaf, M. M.; El-Sherbeiny, Rami M.; Ebid, Ahmed M.; Agaiby, Shehab S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-012

Abstract

The offshore wind energy industry has grown rapidly, with large-diameter monopiles becoming the primary foundation choice for offshore turbines. Monopile designs emphasize serviceability and fatigue limits, enforcing strict rotation limits set by manufacturers. These structures face considerable lateral cyclic loads from waves, currents, and wind. Existing design codes such as API and DNV GL are commonly used but do not sufficiently capture monopile behavior under cyclic loading, particularly regarding load cycle count, amplitude, and type. Moreover, the dynamic response of the monopile-soil system, which affects the foundation’s natural frequency, depends on the pile-soil interaction stiffness—an aspect neglected in current standards. This research reports results from seventeen 1-g cyclic loading experiments and six monotonic tests on monopiles installed in dry sand. Findings reveal that cyclic deformation is significantly influenced by sand relative density, load cycle number, and cyclic load characteristics (magnitude and type). Cyclic loading also alters the pile-soil stiffness. Accumulated rotation grows exponentially with increasing load cycles, while cyclic secant stiffness increases logarithmically. The study further identifies asymmetric two-way cyclic loading as the most damaging load pattern for monopile performance.
WatAI: AI-Based System for Real-Time Flow Monitoring and Demand Prediction in Water Networks Ladino-Moreno, E. O.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-07

Abstract

Efficient monitoring and control of water demand are crucial for sustainable water resource management. Bogotá, Colombia, currently faces supply rationing due to climate change and ineffective public policies. This study presents WatAI (Water + AI), an AI-powered system designed for real-time flow monitoring and demand prediction in water distribution networks. The system integrates flow sensors, microcontrollers, and machine learning algorithms to capture high-resolution temporal data. A dynamic sequential artificial neural network (ANN) with ReLU activation and Adam optimization is implemented, allowing real-time adjustments (1 sec) to flow variations and anomaly detection. To enhance accuracy, the system applies real-time signal filtering and transmits early alerts via email to service providers. The ANN model achieved an MSE of 0.006510, demonstrating improved accuracy with increasing historical data. Compared to traditional forecasting models, WatAI provides higher temporal resolution and adaptability to demand fluctuations, making it a more effective tool for intelligent water management. The study contributes to the development of IoT-based smart infrastructures for sustainable urban water planning.
A Novel One-Sided Push-Out Test for Shear Connectors in Composite Beams Shather, Luay M.; Al-Shuwaili, M. A. Hussein
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-05

Abstract

The small-scale push-out test (POT) is widely utilized to investigate the characteristic behavior of shear connectors as an available alternative to full-scale beam tests, which are often costly and time-consuming. However, several researchers have expressed issues regarding the POT specimen setup during testing due to inconsistencies between the results of POTs and beam bending tests. In this paper, a new configuration for a one-slab POT is developed to address these issues. To validate the developed method of testing, several POTs and OSPOTs were conducted and compared against each other and with those of previous research. The load-slip curves obtained from the OSPOTs were then evaluated against the curves obtained from four empirical expressions. Furthermore, a database of different POT configurations and setups, specifically 114 tests, selected from the previous research that employed the 19 mm shear stud, was analyzed in detail. Subsequently, the results of these tests and the proposed OSPOT method were compared with the predictions offered by several empirical equations. The results indicated that the results of the OSPOT are more consistent with the codes and empirical equations compared to typical POT. Hence, this OSPOT setup could be used as an efficient and economic option for the POT, as it has the potential to double the number of results for the same resources and simplify the casting procedure, which is particularly significant when numerous tests are required for the experimental campaign. Also, the OSPOT results revealed more ductile behavior for the shear studs, which is consistent with the full-scale beams’ testing.
Evaluation of Strength Characteristics of Cement-Stabilized Rammed-Earth Material Sahito, Abdul Munim; Memon, Rizwan Ali; Kumar, Aneel; Bhanbhro, Riaz
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-09

Abstract

The traditional method of rammed-earth construction is seeing a resurgence because of its minimal environmental impact and sustainability. Numerous elements, including soil composition, compaction procedure, stabilization methods, moisture content, and ambient conditions, affect the properties of rammed-earth materials. This research work aims to investigate the strength characteristics of cement-stabilized rammed-earth material. The strength characteristics involve compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. There are four soil types involved in the casting of cement-stabilized rammed-earth, i.e., 0C100S, 10C90S, 20C80S, and 30C70S. The moisture contents used are based on the OMC of Thar Desert sand, i.e., 11.5%, 12.5%, and 13.5%. While the cement contents used are, i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15%. The number of specimens cast is equal to 216. The results of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests conclude that strength increases with the increase in cement content; however, the increase in moisture content decreases the magnitude of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. The increase in clay content up to 20% increases the compressive strength; a further increase in clay content, i.e., 30%, results in a reduction of compressive strength. The splitting tensile strength increases with the increase in clay content. The maximum compressive strength equal to 13.43 MPa is achieved in the specimen, i.e., 20C80S15c, with minimum moisture content used, i.e., OMC-1% (or 11.50%). While the maximum splitting tensile strength achieved is 6.68 MPa of the specimen, i.e., 30C70S15c, with a moisture content of 11.50%.
Analysis of Influence Factor of Soil-Structure Interaction Considered in Pile Analysis using Finite Element Analysis Kim, Jin; Lee, Jong-Young; Lim, Da-Bi; Han, Jung-Geun
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-04

Abstract

This study evaluates two often‑overlooked factors in pile analysis (passive earth pressure and the pile-soil contact method) and quantifies their combined influence on load–settlement response, shaft friction, and stress distribution. Conventional finite element analyses rarely consider both passive earth pressure and pile–soil slip simultaneously. This research quantifies the influence of these two factors on the load–settlement behavior, shaft friction, and stress transfer mechanisms of a single square pile. A laboratory model test was conducted using a 50 × 50 × 150 mm model pile embedded in loose sand with a relative density of 25%, and the same conditions were replicated using a 3D FEM model in ANSYS. The soil was modeled using the Mohr–Coulomb model, with parameters obtained from direct shear tests, and the pile was defined as a linear elastic material. The lateral boundaries were defined under two conditions: a general roller-type boundary and a new boundary condition incorporating depth-dependent passive earth pressure. Interface behavior was analyzed with both bonded and frictional contacts. The passive earth pressure boundary condition reduced post-yield settlement error from 22% to 6% and increased calculated shaft friction by 4%, resulting in a post-yield settlement curve that closely matched the experimental results. Bonded contact overestimated the bearing capacity by 17% and produced unrealistic stress concentrations, while Frictional contact accurately reproduced the observed slip surface and ultimate bearing capacity within a 3% margin of error. Parametric analysis revealed that the elastic modulus governed pre-yield stiffness, whereas the friction coefficient primarily influenced plastic deformation behavior. By combining the depth-dependent passive earth pressure boundary with experimentally calibrated frictional contact, this study successfully captured both lateral confinement effects and interface slip, which are typically analyzed separately. Consequently, the predictive accuracy for settlement and bearing capacity of friction piles in sandy soils was empirically improved.

Page 172 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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