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Al-MARSHAD: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
ISSN : 24425729     EISSN : 25982559     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Astronomy Education
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan, published by the Observatorium Ilmu Falak, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (UMSU), Medan, Indonesia, which includes articles on the scientific research field of Islamic astronomy observatory and others. Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan accepts manuscripts in the field of research includes scientific fields relevant to: Islamic astronomy observatory and others. Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan published Twice a year in June and December.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad" : 7 Documents clear
Comparative Study of Observation with Theoretical Contrast using the Schaefer and Crumey Methods on the Image Result Observation Using OZT-ALTS Robotic Telescope Muztaba, Robiatul; Mufidanisa, Yasmin
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v11i2.25614

Abstract

Observing the crescent moon (hilal) is crucial as it significantly impacts religious activities, particularly for the Muslim community. However, there are challenges associated with hilal observation due to its appearance as a young crescent moon, making it very small apparent size, resulting in low visibility. Additionally, hilal observations are conducted before sunset when the sky still retains brightness, causing a narrow contrast between the moon's light and the background sky. This research aims to compare the contrast values obtained from observing the hilal with the OZT-ALTS Robotic Telescope to theoretical hilal values. Two theoretical contrast methods are examined in this study. The observed contrast values show an increase over time, albeit fluctuating due to cloud interference. The Schaefer contrast also increases over time, with values similar to observed contrast. The Crumey contrast decreases approaching dusk but increases after sunset. Spearman correlation analysis is used to investigate the relationship between each contrast. Observation contrast and Schaefer show a positive Spearman correlation of 0.1413. However, the contrast between observation and Crumey shows a negative correlation of -0.0603. The correlation between Schaefer and Crumey also resulted in a negative correlation of -0.8943. Theoretical contrast in this study only shows the ideal model at the time of observation because dynamic environmental factors are difficult to model, thus the relationship between observed and theoretical contrast is weak. The theoretical contrast in this study does not can be used as a reference in hilal observation
Shari'ah Standardization of Astrophotography for Rukyatul Hilal Zain, Muhammad Fajri Kholili; Ubaidi, Muh. Izzat; Qiromi, Nur Mahmudi; Izzuddin, Ahmad; Hambali, Slamet
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v11i2.24963

Abstract

The development of rukyatul hilal technology is growing very fast, one of them is the astrophotography technique used to take an image of the hilal so that it becomes a photo that can be seen many times. However, we need to know that the determination of the beginning of the qamariyah month is not entirely dependent on science, but what determines whether or not an image is accepted as the basis for changing the qamariyah month is in the realm of shari'a (fiqh). Problems arise related to the acceptance of astrophotography images as a basis for determining the change of qamariyah months in fiqh, and if it is allowed whether there are certain conditions in it. This research was written using the literature study method by tracing the rules of fiqh in classical and contemporary Islamic sources, which were then analyzed deductively in order to formulate a regulation. With this method, it was found that the use of astrophotography in rukyatul hilal is allowed. However, in order for the image to be accepted as the basis for proof, three (3) conditions must be fulfilled.
The Development of Assalaam Observatory from the Perspective of Amin Abdullah's Mit Paradigm Riadi, AR Sugeng
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v11i2.28131

Abstract

Indonesian Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) face modernization challenges demanding knowledge integration. Observatories are significant legacies of Islamic civilization, serving to study celestial bodies and strengthen faith. Pondok Pesantren Modern Islam Assalaam Sukoharjo became the first pesantren in Indonesia with an official observatory, inaugurated on July 6, 2015. This research analyzes how Observatorium Assalaam implements Amin Abdullah's Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary, and Transdisciplinary (MIT) paradigm, which rejects the dichotomy between religious and general sciences. Although the observatory development predates the formal MIT theory publication, the actions taken align with the paradigm. Observatorium Assalaam functions as a laboratory integrating natural sciences (astronomy) with Islamic sciences (fiqh and sociology) for determining the hijri calendar, qibla direction, prayer times, eclipse phenomena, and enhancing astronomical literacy among students and the public. Challenges include the absence of astronomy in formal curricula and shortage of human resources. Through this approach, Observatorium Assalaam strives to produce Muslims strong in faith, noble character, and expert in science and technology. 
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Automatic Crescent Moon Detection System Using Teachable Machine Model on Web Platform Walhidayah, Ravik; Ismail, Ismail
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v11i2.26166

Abstract

The issue of the visibility of the new moon (hilal) often becomes a recurring debate, especially during two major Islamic occasions: the determination of the beginning of Ramadan and the start of Dhu al-Hijjah for Eid al-Adha. In the practice of rukyat (moon sighting), claims of hilal sightings are frequently made without strong or objective evidence. Therefore, the utilization of artificial intelligence technology, particularly in the field of image classification, presents a potential solution to improve the accuracy and objectivity of the moon sighting process. This research employs an image classification model trained using the Teachable Machine platform. The trained model is then integrated into a websitesite developed using HTML, CSS, and Python, and hosted via the github service. Through this websitesite, rukyat observers can upload photos of the sky captured during moon observation. The AI model will then analyze the uploaded image to determine whether the hilal is visible or not. This system is expected to serve as a scientific and modern tool to support the moon sighting process.
Bioastronomy and Life Exploration in the Universe: Conceptual Review and Educational Implications Amrizal, Amrizal
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v11i2.28279

Abstract

Bioastronomy (astrobiology) explores the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe and the search for life in extraterrestrial environments. This paper provides a conceptual review of key bioastronomy concepts—including biosignature definitions, habitability models, and both in situ and remote detection approaches—as well as examining pedagogical implications for formal and non-formal science teaching. The method is a systematic literature review of primary publications and reviews, along with a simple simulation to illustrate the application of a habitability index to a sample of hypothetical exoplanets. Findings show significant advances in biosignature assessment frameworks, life detection mission resources and strategies, and the growth of effective astrobiology education initiatives to enhance students’ interest and critical thinking skills. Simulation demonstrates strong variation in habitability indices influenced by stellar flux, equilibrium temperature, and water/biosignature scores. The discussion connects scientific results with educational practice: interdisciplinary astrobiology models offer rich contexts to develop science literacy, scientific reasoning, and analog-based laboratory experiences. Pedagogical recommendations include curriculum development, teacher training, and mission-based learning strategies. The article closes with ethical and communicative notes on claims of life detection and the need for robust evidence frameworks and communication protocols. 
Application of Jean Meeus Astronomical Algorithms in Formulating a Unified Global Hijri Calendar Perkasa, Eza Budi; Irawadi, Syafrul; Sugihartono, Tri
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v11i2.26386

Abstract

Indonesia should have a trusted institution to determine the beginning of the Hijri month. To date, the determination of the beginning of the Hijri month has not been standardized because each Islamic community organization has its own criteria. One of the criteria that will be discussed in this study is the 2016 Istanbul criteria which gave birth to the concept of a Unified Global Hijri Calendar. However, fulfilling these criteria method is still not agreed upon by experts, making it difficult to socialize to the public. This calendar has been used since 1447 AH/2025 AD. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of these criteria and also attempts to implement Jean Meeus' astronomical algorithms to obtain the necessary ephemeris data. During the research process, regional datasets will be prepared according to their respective topographical conditions. The data used include the name of the region, the name of the country, latitude, longitude, and altitude. From the preparation, information will be obtained in the form of regions that can represent the time of the beginning of the Hijri month.
JavaScript-Based Digital Universal Astrolabe and Its Accuracy Test in Qibla Direction Calculation Nahwandi, M Syaoqi; Setyawan, Edy; Nadirin, Akhmad
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v11i2.26175

Abstract

The Astrolabe as a classical astronomical instrument, holds significant historical and educational value, yet its use has become limited due to technological advancements. This study aims to develop a JavaScript-based Universal Astrolabe software to digitize the functions of a physical Astrolabe, with a focus on testing the accuracy of Qibla direction calculations. The Research and Development (RD) method was implemented through stages of needs analysis, design, implementation, and accuracy testing. Test results from three locations (Cirebon, Kuala Lumpur, Istanbul) showed minor discrepancies (0°1'56"–0°4'20") between the software's calculations and those derived from the spherical triangle formula using a calculator. These differences were attributed to the smallest rotation angle rounding of the Rete (0°15') and the 1° interval scale for altitude and azimuth. The software offers advantages in flexibility, automated Rete positioning, and ease of presentation compared to physical Astrolabes, though it does not replace the function of direct observation. The interactive simulation of the Universal Astrolabe software facilitates its use for educational purposes in Islamic astronomy (‘Ilm al-Falak).

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