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Prof. Dr. Ir. Komang G. Wiryawan
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Tropical Animal Science Journal
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 2615787X     EISSN : 2615790X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Energy
ropical Animal Science Journal (Trop. Anim. Sci. J.) previously Media Peternakan is a scientific journal covering broad aspects of tropical animal sciences. Started from 2018, the title is changed from Media Peternakan in order to develop and expand the distribution as well as increase the visibility of the journal. The journal is published three times a year in April, August, and December by Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia. The first edition with the new title will be published in April 2018 edition (Vol 41 No 1 2018), while the previous edition (up to 2017 edition) will still use Media Peternakan as the title and could be accessed in the old website (http://medpet.journal.ipb.ac.id/). This journal has been accredited by National Journal Accreditation (ARJUNA) Managed by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic Indonesia with First Grade (Sinta 1) since year 2018 to 2022 according to the decree No. 30/E/KPT/2018.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 429 Documents
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Growth, Health, and Carcass Traits of Broilers Supplemented with Acalypha australis L. Leaf Extract, Whey Protein, or their Combination in the Diet S. Sugiharto; I. Agusetyaningsih; E. Widiastuti; H. I. Wahyuni; T. Yudiarti; T. A. Sartono
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.201

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary administration of Acalypha australis L. leaf extract, whey powder, or a combination of both on the growth, physiological condition, and carcass traits of broilers. A total of 392 broiler chicks was divided into four groups based on a fully randomized design, including (1) control (C, basal feed without additives), (2) basal feed supplemented with 1% Acalypha australis L. leaf extract (AALE), (3) basal feed with 1% whey powder (WHEY), and (4) basal feed with 1% Acalypha australis L. extract and 1% whey powder (AALEWHEY). Samples (i.e., internal organs, blood, intestinal digesta, small intestinal segments, and breast and thigh meats) were collected on day 33. Data were treated with an analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple analysis. Treatments did not affect body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). Abdominal fat was higher in the treated broilers than in the control (C) (p<0.05). The serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were lower in AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups than in the control (C) (p<0.05). Serum creatinine concentrations were higher in WHEY and AALEWHEY groups than in C and AALE groups (p<0.05). The AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups had higher duodenal villi height than C group (p<0.05). The villi height to crypt depth ratios were higher in the jejunum of the WHEY and AALEWHEY group than in the C group (p<0.05). The pH of breast meat was higher in the C group than in AALE and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). The lightness values of breast meats were lower in the AALEWHEY group than in the other groups (p<0.05). The redness values of breast meats were lower in the C group than in the AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups, while the yellowness values were lower in C and AALE groups than in WHEY and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). The pH values of thigh meats were higher in the AALE group than in control (C), WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the treatment of broilers with leaf extract of Acalypha australis L., whey powder, or a combination of both improved intestinal morphology and meat quality without affecting the growth performance of broilers.
Genome-wide Association Study of Birth Weight in Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) P. Sudrajad; H. Suhada; D. Prasetyo; P. N. Gariri; E. Eddianto; A. F. Abiyoga; R. Y. Kusminanto; S. Sukaryo; T. A. Bramastya; S. D. Volkandari; M. Cahyadi
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.151

Abstract

The genome-wide association study is popularly used to identify markers associated with high economic traits in cattle breeds worldwide. However, this method has never been applied to Bali cattle (Bos javanicus), which are indigenous to Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the GWAS can also be employed to figure out genomic regions potentially affecting Bali cattle's birth weight trait. In this study, phenotypic and genotypic data of 48 Bali cattle were used to figure out genomic regions which are potentially affecting the birth weight trait of Bali cattle. Those samples were genotyped using an Illumina bead chip array with 53.218 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The estimation of the variance proportion explained by each SNP was conducted by a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach. The result showed that the birth weight trait in Bali cattle was affected by multiple regions dispersed over the genome, especially chromosomes 20 and 21. This study demonstrated that GWAS can be used effectively and discovered two intriguing regions related to quantitative trait loci and genes, namely STXBP6 and TERT, which previously had been linked to cattle birth weight and growth. These findings are important for developing and refining genomic-based selection programs for Bali cattle in Indonesia.
Mutation Analysis and Restriction Site Mapping of GDF9 in Indonesian Bligon Goat T. Hartatik; F. A. Z. Chairunissa; S. Bintara; F. J. Fadilllah; N. P. Ningrum; D. Puspitasari; Kustantinah
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.163

Abstract

Bligon goat is one of the crossbred goats raised in Indonesia, which has a prolific nature, potentially increasing the economic benefits. The gene that particularly influences prolific traits is Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9). This study aims to identify the mutation analysis (SNPs and amino acid changes) and restriction enzymes map in the GDF9 of Bligon goats. Six pairs of primers were used to amplify target sequences of GDF9 by polymerase chain reaction method and continued by sequencing. The sequence products were analyzed to get information on the SNPs and restriction enzyme (RE) around the SNPs for genotyping by PCR-RFLP method. A total of 15 SNPs were found in position g.1956A>C, g.2248G>T, g.2470A>T, g.2172DelA (shift T, Heterozygote), g.2807C>T, g.2919C>T, g.2996C>T, g.3615T>C, g.3855A>C, g.3879A>G, g.3924A>G, g.3943G>T, g.3969G>A, g.3981G>A, and g.4314C>T. Eight out of fifteen SNPs are located at the exon. Thus, the amino acid shows one synonymous at Exon 1 (Leucine to Leucine) and seven non synonymous at exon 2 with varied amino acid alteration (Valine to Alanine, Glutamine to Proline, Lysine to Arginine, Lysine to Arginine, Glutamine to Histidine, Arginine to Lysine, and Serine to Asparagine, respectively). Two SNPs at position g.1956A>C in Exon 1 and g.3855A>C in exon 2 show the homozygote CC and heterozygote AC. The most sample at those two position 67% and 83% homozygote type, respectively. Recognitions of site restriction enzymes BsaI and BsmAI were found at g.1956A>C or g.667C>M (Exon I). SNP g.3855A>C or g.2566C>M was recognized by three restriction enzymes (MspI, HapII, and HpaII). Two SNPs were not recognized by the restriction enzyme, and two other SNPs have more than 12 fragmented sequences, and as a consequence, it is very difficult to analyze the genotype. In conclusion, fifteen site mutations were identified; however, only two potential genetic markers with transversion mutations in Exon 1 and Exon 2 were recognized by restriction enzymes (BsaI, HapII, and MspI). These enzymes were recommended as candidate markers for further genotype identification using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.
The Assessment of Environmental Impact of the Chicken Meat Agroindustry in Indonesia: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Perspective S. Azmi; Suprihatin; N. S. Indrasti; M. Romli
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.249

Abstract

Chicken meat agroindustry is one of the industries that contribute to environmental impacts. The environmental impacts are due to the use of resources, energy, and waste along the chicken meat chain. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts along the life cycle of the chicken meat chain from cradle-to-grave using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The data inventory consisted of inputs and outputs from five sub-systems: feed production, broiler production on the farm, carcass production at the slaughterhouse, supplier distribution, and consumer use. The impact categories included global warming, acidification, and eutrophication. The process of impact calculation used the CML-IA (Centre of Environmental Science of Leiden University Impact Assessment) baseline method on the SimaPro software. The results showed that consuming 1 kg of fried chicken resulted in a global warming impact of 5.86 kg CO2 eq, acidification of 38.3 g SO2 eq, and eutrophication of 24.1 g PO43- eq. Feed production, litter, and energy usage were the most significant contributors to the environmental impacts. Improvement scenarios in reducing environmental impacts included reducing crude protein in feed, composting litter, installing inverters on refrigeration compressors, and electrical energy efficiency. The present study indicated the importance of environmental impact assessment on the entire chicken meat chain to improve environmental performance in the Indonesian chicken agroindustry.
Comparison of Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Estimating In Situ Rumen Degradable Protein of Tropical Foliage Despal; Y. I. Yulianti; R. Zahera; I. Agustiyani; A. Rosmalia; I. M. Afnan; M. Zain; U. H. Tanuwiria
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.211

Abstract

Tropical foliage is an alternative source for protein enrichment in the dairy ration. However, due to the expensive, laborious, and time-consuming data-gathering method, its degradability database for inclusion in ration formulation is still lacking. This study aims to estimate tropical foliage's in situ protein degradability (RDP) using chemical compositions, in vitro digestibilities, and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) methods. The study used one hundred ten tropical foliage samples and observed chemical composition, in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility, and in situ degradation characteristics variables. NIRS spectra were collected to calibrate and validate the in situ degradation characteristics. Correlations were made prior to regression analysis. The results showed that tropical foliage varied in ash (3.02%-18.3%), crude protein (CP) (11.6%-30.7%), crude fiber (CF) (10.2%-29.8%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (31.0%-58.2%), acid detergent fiber (ADF) (18.7%-44.1%), dry matter digestibility (DMD) (23.9%-73.2%), organic matter digestibility (OMD) (25.6%-73.9%), and in situ RDP (21.0%-75.4%). The foliage was highly degraded (RDP > 60%) except for Calliandra calothyrsus (59%). In situ RDP significantly correlated with ash, CP, CF, DMD, and OMD with coefficient correlations (r) of 0.43, 0.60, -0.33, 0.74, and 0.76, respectively. Estimation of RDP using chemical composition and in vitro digestibility followed the equation: RDP (%)= 0.69 + 2.122 CP (%) with R²= 0.41 (p<0.01) and RDP (%)= 0.162 ash + 1.270 CP -0.104 CF + 0.489 IVOMD, with R²= 0.68, p<0.01). Calibration of NIRS using in situ RDP resulted in a regression coefficient (R²) of 0.78. It is concluded that RDP tropical foliage can be estimated more accurately using NIRS compared to in vitro digestibility and chemical composition.
Fatty Acid Composition and Nutritional Indices/Ratios of Colostrum and Milk from Crossbred Goats in the Philippines O. Bondoc; N. A. Del Rosario; L. L. G. M. Del Rosario; D. N. Ramirez
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.239

Abstract

Fatty acid (FA) profiles are important measures of the nutritional quality of goat’s milk that may impact human cardiovascular health and disease. This study is aimed to compare the FA composition and FA-based nutritional indices/ratios of goat colostrum and milk from crossbred goats in relation to published reports on milk FAs involving purebred goats from other countries. A total of 121 colostrum and milk samples collected on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day of lactation from 33 crossbred goats with Anglo Nubian or Boer sires were analyzed by gas chromatography. The major FAs with the highest proportion in both colostrum and milk were oleic acid (C18:1-n9c), palmitic acid (C16:0), myristic acid (C14:0), and stearic acid (C18:0). Oleic acid, palmitic acid, and myristic acid were significantly higher (p<0.05) in colostrum than in milk (i.e., 27.4% vs 16.8%–22.9%, 24.8% vs 17.8%–19.6%, and 9.6% vs 5.2%–7.4%, respectively). Stearic acid was comparable in colostrum (8.8%) and milk (7.6%–10.8%). Total SFA and MUFA were higher in colostrum than in milk. Colostrum and milk contained low levels (less than 1.5%) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) – omega-6 FAs [i.e., linoleic acid C18:2 n-6 and arachidonic acid C20:4 n-6] and omega-3 FAs [i.e., α-linolenic acid C18:3 n-3 and docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 n-3]. The SFAs (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) in relation to total MUFAs and PUFAs are known to contribute to the increase in cardiovascular disease. Thus, milk from crossbred goats seems to be more beneficial for cardiovascular health because of its lower atherogenicity and thrombogenicity and higher hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio than those reported for several transboundary and local breeds.
Comparative Biological Pathotyping of Newcastle Disease Virus Sub-genotypes VIIg, VIIh, and VIIi in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Chickens Y. M. Utami; S. Widyarini; M. H. Wibowo
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.172

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) is an infectious viral disease in poultry caused by the Newcastle Disease virus (NDV). The NDV that causes ND cases in Indonesia is genotype VII with various sub-genotypes. This study was conducted to compare the in vivo pathogenicity of ND virus sub-genotypes VIIg, VIIh, and VIIi in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The virus isolates were isolated and identified as ND virus sub-genotypes VIIg, VIIh, and VIIi. The level of pathogenicity is known by calculating the mean death time (MDT) and the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI). The comparations of lesions of NDV were analyzed descriptively and statistically based on clinical signs, the ratio of lymphoid organ weight, and lesions in hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Isolate confirmation was conducted by harvesting the lung organs. ND was detected using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers of the fusion (F) fragment gene. The sequence was compared with that of other NDVs from GenBank and Analyzed using MEGA-6 software. The analysis results showed that the VIIh and VIIi sub-genotypes were virulent strains due to the MDT <60 hours with IVPI value index of 3.0, the lymphoid organs showing atrophy and lymphocyte depletion. On the other hand, the VIIg sub-genotype was a less virulent strain because it had an IVPI index of 0.0 with MDT >60 hours, and the lymphoid organs showed mild lymphocyte depletion. Based on the in vivo results with the sequence analysis at the cleavage site showed that ND isolates Sub-genotypes VIIh (112RRQRRF117) and GVIIi (112RRQKRF117) were virulent strains, but Sub-genotype VIIg (112GRQGRL117) was less virulent.
Evaluation of Some Intestinal Biomarkers in the Determination of Intestinal Damage in Calves with Coccidiosis M. K. Durgut; M. Ok
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.221

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the usefulness of injury biomarkers specific to the intestines in identifying the presence and degree of intestinal epithelial damage in coccidiosis-infected calves. Forty calves of various breeds and sexes, aged 21 days to 60 days, were used in the study. Of these, 30 were in the experimental group, and 10 were healthy control. The McMaster Oocyte counting technique was used to diagnose Eimeria and confirm clinical coccidiosis. Cases with clinical signs and more than 5,000 oocysts in gram feces were included in the study. All calves had blood samples drawn at the 0th hours and 72nd hours. Blood gas measurements were performed with a blood gas analyzer. Hemogram was performed with an automated hematologic analyzer. Bovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) test kits were used to measure the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), claudin-3 (CLD-3), intestinal smooth muscle actin (ACTG2), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) biomarkers from serum samples. Calves with coccidiosis received a single dose of toltrazuril (15 mg/kg) and supportive care. Before treatment (0th hours) in coccidiosis-infected calves, serum I-FABP and CLD-3 levels were greater than in healthy calves (p<0.05), and after treatment (72nd hours), serum TFF-3 and ACTG2 levels were higher than in healthy calves. There was a significant decrease in serum IL-8 levels in coccidiosis-infected calves after treatment (72nd hours) compared to pre-treatment (0th hours) (p<0.05). I-FABP, TFF-3, CLD-3, ACTG2, and IL-8 are helpful and reliable biomarkers that can be utilized to assess the presence of intestinal epithelium injury in coccidiosis-infected calves.
Determinants of Cost Inefficiency and Farmer Performance in Broiler Contract Farming J. M. M. AJi; M. Rondhi; A. Suwandari; T. D. Hapsari; J. Januar; R. Yanuarti; Rokhani
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 3 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.3.382

Abstract

The broiler industry plays an important role in meeting the growing demand for animal protein. Ensuring favorable farming conditions are needed to maintain the meat supply, and theoretically, this can be improved through the implementation of Contract Farming (CF). CF grants farmers the privilege to predict quantities, prices, and reduce production risks. However, one of the key challenges in establishing CF is the cost efficiency and performance of farmers. This study aims to develop a cost function for farmers, identify factors contributing to inefficiency, and evaluate farmer performance. The purposive sampling method is employed to select broiler farmers participating in contract farming as the sample for this study. Primary data were collected through surveys. Stochastic frontier cost analysis is utilized to derive a broiler cost function while examining the causes of farm inefficiency and their relationship with farmers’ performance variables. The results indicate that the broiler cost function is significantly influenced by labor costs, the price of day-old chickens, feed expenses, and harvest tonnage. Meanwhile, the inefficiency effect is substantially influenced by farmer age, education, household size, experience, and mortality ratio (MR). Reducing the MR can increase broiler yield, directly improving cost efficiency and, thus farmers’ income. Nonetheless, a comprehensive approach that includes training, monitoring, feedback, and incentivization is needed to enhance farmer performance in broiler contract farming.
Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract, Whey Protein, and Their Combination on Growth, Carcass and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens B. Ma'rifah; I. Agusetyaningsih; T. Sarjana; S. Kismiati; S. Sugiharto
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 3 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.3.313

Abstract

Restriction of synthetic antioxidants and prohibition of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have had an impact on impairing the growth rate of broiler chickens, and hence the alternatives for these additives are urgently needed by broiler farmers. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MOLE), whey protein or their combination on the growth, carcass and meat quality of broilers. A total of 336 broiler chicks were arranged into four groups, including T0 (basal diet with no additive), T1 (basal diet with 1% MOLE), T2 (basal diet with 1% whey protein powder) and T3 (basal diet with 0.5% MOLE and 0.5% whey protein powder). Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Internal organs and meats were obtained on day 42. Results showed that MOLE impaired body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers (p<0.05). MOLE, whey protein and their blend decreased the abdominal fat content of broilers (p<0.05). Whey increased the moisture content of breast meats (p<0.05). Water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in T2 than in the other breast meats (p<0.05). Among the groups, pH value was highest in T2 breast meat (p<0.05). The lightness values of breast meat were lower in T2 than in the other groups (p<0.05), while the lowest yellowness values were found in T2 breast meat (p<0.05). The WHC was higher in T1 thigh meat than in T2 and T3 (p<0.05). The T1 thigh meat showed higher pH than the T2 group (p<0.05). The T1 thigh meat showed higher redness values than the other groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, MOLE reduced broiler growth and abdominal fat deposition. Whey reduced fat deposition and improved the meat quality of broilers.

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