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Indonesian Mining Journal

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Published by PUSLITBANG Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara

ISSN : 08549931 EISSN : 25278797 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science

This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 263 Documents

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DEALCALIZATION OF SOUTHERN CIANJUR BENTONITE USING AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AND CITRIC ACID YUHELDA YUHELDA
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2006): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 09 No. 1 February 2006
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Dealcalization of southern Cianjur bentonite has been done to improve bentonite quality by reducing the alkali element (Na and Ca) content as impurities. The experiment used ammonium hydroxide and citric acid. The reaction parameters such as particle size, solution concentration, percent solid, time and contact temperature were optimized. Results of dealcalization using ammonium hydroxide ob- tained the optimum condition at particle size of -200+325 mesh, concentration of 4 N, percent solid of 10%, contact time of 36 hours and temperature of 100oC with recovery as much as 32.55% for Na and 29.14% for Ca. Meanwhile, dealcalization using citric acid, got optimum condition at particle size of - 325 mesh, concentration of 2N, percent solid of 10%, contact time of 24 hours, temperature of 100oC with recovery as much as 33.01% for Na and 30.07% for Ca. The results also showed that both solutions gave better recovery for Na rather than for Ca. In conclusion, experiment using citric acid was better than using ammonium hydroxide as demonstrated by its higher recovery of alkali elements. However, results of this work have not met the standards of bentonite for catalyst hydrocarbon crac- king.

ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL REGULATION ON GENERAL MINING SECTOR (MINERAL AND COAL) DARSA PERMANA
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 1 February 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

As Law No. 22 Year 1999 on Regional Government was implemented and then renewed by Law No. 32 Year 2004 on the same subject, all autonomous areas have issued various regional regulations, including that on general mining (mineral and coal). This is in line with the requirement of all autonomous areas for authority in managing their own regions based on the autonomy principles. After one decade since the regulation was applied, evaluation conducted by the government revealed that regional regulation in the general mining sector oriented mostly on increasing regional revenue without taking into consideration the existing legal principles. Surveys on 8 provinces showed similar facts, and the condition led to an unconducive business climate that could hinder the economic growth and the regions’ investment opportunity.

PRETREATMENT OF KAOLIN INTO METAKAOLIN REZKY I. ANUGRAH; SYAFEI S. RASJAD
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13, No 3 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 3 October 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Most of metakaolin is used in portland cement industries as an additive to improve the compressive strength of the cement. Using Cicalengka and Bangka kaolin as metakaolin raw material, R & D Center for Mineral and Coal Technology found that Bangka kaolin was more suitable in metakaolin preparation because its initial Al2O3 content (32.80%) rises up to 37.50% after decantation, meanwhile Cicalengka one can not fulfill the requirements. The non-decanted Bangka kaolin (37.50% Al2O3) exceeds the Al2O3 content of metakaolin that has been produced commercially by Asian Ceratec Corporation. Calcination processing follows the decantation one. The decanted Bangka kaolin was then pelletized to have calcining burnt did well. The pellet was burnt in 1 x 0.5 m static laboratory furnace at some tempera- tures and holding times. Burning temperature of 9000 C and 20 minutes holding time showed common calcined kaolin characteristic; sheet-like structure, but at some parts it has developed into unregularly thicker sheet structure due to amorphous (non-reactive phase) formation. This phenomenon signs that recrystallization temperature has been achieved and many hydroxil ions has been lost.

ORGANIC PETROLOGY OF SELECTED COAL SAMPLES OF EOCENE KUARO FORMATION FROM PASIR AREA-EAST KALIMANTAN BINARKO SANTOSO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14, No 3 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 3 October 2011
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Eight samples of Eocene Kuaro Formation were taken from Pasir area, East Kalimantan to be examined their lithotype, maceral, mineral matter and rank of the coals in terms of geologic factors. The samples were analysed according to the ASTM (2009). The result shows the dominance of brighter lithotypes and vitrinite over liptinite, inertinite and mineral matter. There is a strong correlation between lithotype and maceral composition of the coals. The brighter lithotypes have high vitrinite content. This indicates that the coals were formed under a wet condition. The presence of high content of pyrite and calcite reflects marine incursion, in which the coals were deposited under paralic and shallow marine environment. Thus, this environment strongly supports the above correlation, where the coals were formed under the wet condition. The slight differences in the coal type can be caused by the relatively short period of peat accumulation and similarity in climate during the peat formation, and slight differences in geological setting during the Eocene period. Vitrinite reflectance (Rvmax%) values show similar ranks (mostly subbituminous A to high volatile bitumi- nous C) with a slight difference due to the thickness of cover during the coalification.

GEOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW SULPHIDATION EPITHERMAL VEIN IN SENEPO AREA, EAST JAVA Arifudin Idrus; Esti Handayani
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 20, No 2 (2017): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL VOL. 20 NO. 2 October 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Senepo area is one of several epithermal mineralization prospects in Southern Mountains of Java Island. This study is aimed to investigate the geological framework and hydrothermal alteration of the prospect as well as to characterize the low sulphidation (LS) epithermal vein including vein textures, ore mineral, ore chemistry and hydrothermal fluid that are responsible for the formation of the quartz vein. Detailed field mapping was completed to understand the geological framework and hydrothermal alteration zones. Petrographic, ore microscopic, XRD and AAS analyses were applied to characterize the quartz vein. The study area is occupied by pebbly sandstone, andesite breccia, andesite units and alluvial deposit. Ore mineralization is mainly hosted by andesite of Oligo-Miocene of Watupatok Formation. The host-rock has been suffered by overprinted hydrothermal alteration and weathering. The epithermal veins are found as N-S-trending quartz veins with a thickness of 1-2 meters. These veins show massive texture, crustiform, cockade, druzy, comb, and disseminated sulphides, which is included in Crystalline Quartz Zonation (X). Optical microscopy and XRD analysis indicate that these veins contain several ore minerals such as chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, hematite, covellite and malachite, associated with gangue mineral including quartz, felspar, chlorite and clay minerals. AAS analysis displays variable chemical composition of precious and base metals such as Au (17-37 ppb), Ag (8.1-32.6 ppm), Cu (122.1-81,450 ppm), Pb (35.4-883.6 ppm) and Zn (18.3-2,628 ppm). Gold and silver are relatively low compared to the base metals. Fluid inclusion micro thermometric analysis indicates that ore mineralization originated at temperatures of 187-263 oC and salinity of 0.18-0.53 % wt. NaCl eq. This salinity corresponds with a minimum hydrostatic pressure of about 10-55.1 bars. Based on those characteristic data, mineralized quartz veins in the study area are classified into a base metal horizon of LS epithermal system.

ALTERING FERROUS SULPHATE TO SYNTHETIC GOETHITE Dessy Amalia; Yuhelda Dahlan; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 2 June 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Catalyst is required in any reaction. Coal liquefaction is one of the processes to have need of it. The most common catalyst used in the process is ferrous based catalyst. It is very influenced by pyrhotite, which may be occurred from goethite while goethite can be composed of any iron sources. The research had the use of ferrous sulphate as the main iron source, which was reacted with caustic soda. Parameters on molar ratio of the FeSO4.7H2O/NaOH were 0.2 and 0.33, reaction time applied were 3.5; 6.5 and 17.15 hours, oxygen flow rates of 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 cc/minute were also observed. The best result was achieved at 0.2 molar ratio of the FeSO4.7H2O/NaOH within 6.5 hours by oxidation process that was containing pure goethite, while 100 cc/minute of oxygen rate was enough for the process to be happened.

REPLACING FUEL OIL BURNER IN A ZINC BATH KETTLE FOR GALVANIZATION PROCESS BY COAL CYCLONE ONE SUMARYONO SUMARYONO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2006): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 09 No. 2 June 2006
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Most galvanizing industries use fuel oil to maintain a zinc bath temperature within the 440 – 455°C range. The oil burner is used in a heating chamber and the flue gas is then passed into the heating space under a zinc bath kettle at a temperature of 600°C. In this works one of the oil burner would be replaced by a coal burner. The kettle dimension is 12 x 1.5 x 1.8 m for its inner length, width and depth respectively. The heating space under the kettle is divided into two sections, each section is heated by a single oil burner of 50 - 80 litres/hour burning capacity. As there is no access into the heating space to remove the accumulated ash, the employed coal combustion technique should not transfer the ash into this chamber. For this purpose a vertical cyclone coal burner is used in a section with combustion capacity of 100 - 200 kg coal/hour. To minimize ash accumulation, a cyclone dust sepa- rator is connected after the cyclone burner, thus a cleaner flue gas enters the heating chamber. The coal used is a low ash sub-bituminous type of 5,500 kcal/kg at with particle sizes less than 30 mesh. Observation of temperature fluctuation in oil heated and coal heated sections during galvanization process showed that the fluctuation in both sections are in balance, indicating that the coal heating matches fuel oil heating in this system. The fuel used are 124 kg/hour for coal and 60 l/hour for fuel oil. To maintain zinc bath temperature around 430 – 455°C within 7 days galvanizing time operation it is found that fuel consumption is 20,300 kg of coal in the coal heated section and 10,080 l fuel oil in the oil heated section. It means that 1 l fuel oil is equivalent to 2 kg of coal or coal efficiency is 18.2% lower than the oil one in this system. The ash produced by the combustion of coal which trapped by both cyclones is 80% which is accumulated in the burner and 20% in the cyclone dust separator. The energy efficiency of coal is lower than that of the fuel oil since the use of fuel oil is directly burned within heating chamber, otherwise the coal is combusted in a cyclone burner and the flue gas enters the heating chamber after a longer journey through a cyclone dust separator.

THE OPTIMALIZATION OF LUBRICANT WASTE RECYCLING WITH LOW RANK COAL AS CONTAMINANT ABSORBANCE Nining Sudini Ningrum; Ika Monika
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 8, No 01 (2005): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 8 No. 1 February 2005
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

The research of lubricant waste recycling by means of low rank coal as absorbent is one of the ways to render efficient the oil consumption also to maximize the value of low rank coal. This research is a continuation research with a fixed variable, in which the amount of coal is increased to 20% from the amount of the lubricating oil and the heating time which took 2 hours was variated with the heating temperature variable from 150°C to 350°C, the size of coal granule –8+10, -12+14 and –20+24 mesh. The research output shows that the optimum temperature of the lubricating oil recycling by means of coal as absorbent is reached in the temperature of 300°C for the coal with the size –12+14 mesh. In this condition Ca content reduce from 1447 to 150 ppm, Zn reduce from 887 to 17,4 ppm, Fe reduce from 47,1 to 43,5 ppm, Ni reduce from 15,4 to 6,2 ppm and Cr and Cu are all absorbed. The coal resulted from the recycling process can be used as a direct fuel with the calorific value between 5000 to 6500 cal/g and the colour of the lubricating oil resulted from separation (base oil) is yellowish dark.

EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL DEWATERING ON COKE ADDITIVE MAKING FROM LOW RANK COAL (LRC) Nining Sudini Ningrum; Miftahul Huda; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

This paper describes a study of the effects of hydrothermal dewatering (HTD) of Jambi, Pendopo and Wahau low rank coals, on additive characteristics. Hydrothermal upgrading and dewatering of the coals were carried out in a batch-type autoclave reactor at temperatures 350°C at a maximum pressure of 30 bar for 30 min. The dried sample resulted from hydrothermal process mixed with liquid fraction tar solvent at 250-350°C with ratio 4:6, was input in the 0,5 l autoclave to conduct hydrogenation process with variation initial hydrogen pressure of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 bar, and reaction temperature of 400°C for 1 hour. The process of hydrothermal treatment before hydrogenation produced a higher calorific value having an average of >8000 cal/g (air dried basic, adb). Ash content and volatile matter for the coal were increased with the increasing initial hydrogen pressure. Corrected hydrogen content steadily increased after hydrothermal process and hydrogenation while the corrected oxygen decreased drastically after the hydrogenation process. Fuel ratio of Jambi, Pendopo and Wahau coals after hydrothermal process also increase reached 1.58, 1.04 and 1.77 respectively. Overall results indicate the impor- tance of introducing a hydrothermal treatment step for the improvement of the coke additive characteristics.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ANALYSES OF COAL- BASED ACTIVATED CARBON PLANT IN INDONESIA Gandhi Kurnia Hudaya; Fahmi Sulistyohadi; Ika Monika
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Technology to make activated carbon from coal has been developed from laboratory to pilot plant scales with capacity of 1 ton/day. The results of previous experiments showed that the quality of coal activated carbon has complied with the standard of quality activated carbon from coconut shell (SNI). In addition, the result of coal utilization process showed that activated carbon can be used for water purification on hatchery, and waste water treatment in textiles and rubber industries. Although the technology and the quality have been reached, but for the production it still needs economic feasibility analysis. Economic feasibility analysis is necessary for coal- based activated carbon plant at commercial scale by giving an indication about economic value of the project. The indicators used in the analysis are Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period. Calculation of financial indicators for the activated carbon project produced Rp 49.17 billion NPV, 50% ROI, 68,25% IRR and 1 year 4 months Payback Period. Based on that calculation, it can be concluded that the coal-based activated carbon plant would be economically feasible under certain operational scenarios. This study is expected to become an economic reference material and can attract inves- tors to construct the commercial plant.

Page 6 of 27 | Total Record : 263

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Contact Name
Bachtiar Efendi

Contact Email
bachtaireaje@gmail.com

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
umar.antana@esdm.go.id

Editorial Address
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Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA