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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
 163   164   165   166   167 
Facile Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil (Aleurites moluccana L.) Using Photocatalytic Method by Nano Sized-ZnO Photocatalytic Agent Synthesized via Polyol Method Hendro Juwono; Anisun Zakiyah; Riki Subagyo; Yuly Kusumawati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.82895

Abstract

Biodiesel production from non-edible oil is an alternative way to reduce edible oil dependency and reduce the competition for feed and food. Candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccana L.) is one of the non-edible oils which can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production since they have a high oil content. Herein, the biodiesel production from candlenut oil has been conducted using zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized by the polyol method. Polyol methods facilitated the formation of ZnO nanoparticles with various shapes, including spherical, rod, and hexagonal. Besides, ZnO showed a mesoporous characteristic, facilitating the conversion of fat fatty acid to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of 61%. Increasing ZnO dosage led to enhancing the FAME yield. Similarly, the FAME yield was also improved by increasing the reaction time. The results of esterification of candlenut oil and methanol yielded 70.76% FAME with 2% nano-ZnO polyol catalyst at 180 min reaction time at room temperature whilst being stirred constantly at 400 rpm. A good FAME conversion using ZnO at room temperature provides good information to produce biodiesel with a simple method. Apart from that, photocatalytic promoted transesterification at room temperature, which is beneficial for reducing energy consumption.
Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Evaluation of 2-Substituted-4-arylidene-5(4H)-oxazolone Derivatives Lina Saadi; Shaimaa Adnan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.83052

Abstract

In this research, the synthesis of new substituted oxazolone derivatives is described via Erlenmeyer synthesis of N-acyl amino acid. Firstly, the azo derivative 1 was prepared by coupling the diazonium salt of 3-amino-4-methoxybenzoic acid with 4,5-dichloroimidazole in sodium hydroxide solution. Benzoyl chloride derivative 2, the key intermediate of the synthesis, was synthesized by the acylation of azo-carboxylic acid derivative 1 with thionyl chloride. The resulting acyl chloride derivative reacted with glycine in a basic catalyst to form a hippuric acid derivative 3. After that, oxazolone derivatives 4a–4f were prepared via the reaction of the hippuric acid derivative with various aromatic aldehydes. All new compound structures were confirmed by spectral techniques, i.e., FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) of all new compounds was screened in vitro. The results against S. aureus and E. coli showed that most of the tested compounds have an activity ranging from moderate to low. The antioxidant activity of derivative 4a was also evaluated and showed good antioxidant activity.
Primer Pairs Specificity Test for Frog Meat Identification Using PCR Technique Norman Yoshi Haryono; Rizqi Layli Khusufi; Delia Wahyu Pangesti; Evi Susanti; Rina Rifqie Mariana; Hartati Eko Wardani; Norazlinaliza Salim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.83626

Abstract

Halal food assurance is becoming more important with the growth of the halal industry globally. Adulteration of halal meat products using non-halal sources such as pork, dog, boar, and even frog meat has become a major problem for moslems. The purpose of this study is to initiate the method for frog meat identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In this study, three primer pairs (Fk1-Rk1, Fk2-Rk2, Fk3-Rk3) were analyzed for their specificity toward frog meat against other common halal meat sources such as beef, chicken, shrimp, squid, and mackerel. The visualization of DNA amplification showed that primer pair Fk1-Rk1 produced primer-dimer, thus cannot be used for this circumstance. Primer pair Fk2-Rk2 showed a better result where DNA amplicon was produced at ~100 bp for frog meat and no amplicons for other meat. Primer pair Fk3-Rk3 showed a different pattern of DNA amplification for all the meat tested, where the amplicon of frog meat was shown at ~100 bp, while the other meat showed multiple amplicons or none. In conclusion, primer pairs Fk2-Rk2 and Fk3-Rk3 showed their potential as primer pairs for frog meat identification using PCR for implementing halal food assurance, although sensitivity analysis needs to be investigated. 
Synthesis of Zn(II) and Co(II) Complexes with a Schiff Base Derived from Malonic Acid Dihydrazide for Photo-Stabilizers of Polystyrene Rehab Ghalib Hammoda; Naser Shaalan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.83730

Abstract

In this study, novel Schiff base complexes with Zn(II) and Co(II) ions were successfully synthesized. The malonic acid dihydrazide was converted into the Schiff base ligand by combining it with 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde, and the last step required reacting it with the appropriate metal(II) chloride to produce pure target complexes. The generated complexes were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-mass, and UV-Vis spectroscopies. In order to photo-stabilize polystyrene (PS) and reduce the photodegradation of its polymeric chains, these chemicals have been used in this work. The efficiency of the generated complexes as photo-stabilizers was evaluated using a variety of techniques, including FTIR, weight loss, viscosity average molecular weight, light and atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. These tests corroborated each other and demonstrated how effectively new compounds stabilize PS photographs. As a result, compared to blank PS, they reduce the photodegradation of PS films containing these complexes after 300 h of exposure to UV radiation with a wavelength of 313 nm. Also, it has demonstrated how effective the cobalt complex is as a photo-stabilizer. The highly conjugated systems in these chemicals are to blame for this.
Development of a Rapid and Sensitive Probe for Colorimetric Detection of Ni2+ Ion in Water Sample by β-Cyclodextrin Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Farrah Nurkhaliza; Ahmad Fathoni; Muhammad Eka Prastya; Zetryana Puteri Tachrim; Abdul Aji; Agustina Sus Andreani
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.83789

Abstract

A rapid and selective colorimetric detection of Ni2+ was developed using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CDs) as reducing and stabilizing agents. Characterization was assessed by spectrophotometer UV-vis, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and particle size analyzer (PSA). The AgNPs-β-CDs were relatively stable after being stored for 5 months. The addition of Ni2+ to the AgNPs-β-CDs shifted the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 409 nm. Synthesized AgNPs-β-CDs had a spherical shape and an average size of 25.07 ± 0.66 nm (analyzed by TEM) and 33.63 ± 0.25 nm, as confirmed by PSA. AgNPs-β-CDs as colorimetric sensors for Ni2+ ions had a good linear calibration curve at 409 nm with the R2 value of 0.9993. The limit of detection (LoD) was found to be 33.30 ppb, while the limit of quantification (LoQ) was 111.0 ppb. This sensor had been applied to a seawater sample from Ancol Beach, North Jakarta, Indonesia and it exhibited good precision and accuracy. In this work, β-CDs-synthesized AgNPs were able to detect Ni2+ ions and were beneficial as an alternative method for Ni2+ screening in environmental samples.
Adsorption of Malachite Green Oxalate Dye by CuCo2O4/MgO Spinel Oxide Nanocomposite Tariq Hussein Mgheer; Ali Abdulraheem Kadhim; Zainab Abdalameer Hussein; Zaid Kaheel Kadhim; Muneer Abdul Aly Al-Da’amy; Abbas Jassim Atiyah; Salih Hadi Kadhim; Suma Jaafar Abbas
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.83850

Abstract

The current study involves a synthesis of a composite of copper oxide and cobalt oxide as a spinel oxide load over magnesium oxide. This synthesis of nanocomposite material was from nitrate salts of the corresponding metals by co-precipitation method, while it was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the activity of these materials was estimated by appreciated adsorption of malachite green oxalate (MGO) dye from its aqueous solution. Adsorption isotherm was investigated using both Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. While the results of the spectrophotometric studies showed that the composition of synthesized supported oxides at 450 °C was spinel type with nanoparticle size, and the optimum removal efficiency was around 98% for the adsorption of MGO dye over spinel nanocomposite surface achieved by using a dye concentration of 5 ppm, a mass of adsorbent surface of 5 mg, in terms of the adsorption model's isotherms the obtained results showed that the removal of MGO dye by the surface of this material was more fitted with the Freundlich models' adsorption.
Propylamine Silica-Titania Hybrid Material Modified with Ni(II) as the Catalyst for Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde Conversion Dewi Agustiningsih; Nuryono Nuryono; Sri Juari Santosa; Eko Sri Kunarti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.84282

Abstract

SiO2-TiO2@propylamine-Ni(II) as the catalyst for the benzyl alcohol oxidation has been synthesized by utilizing rice husk ash as the SiO2 source. This research was started by extracting SiO2 from rice husk ash and continued by synthesizing the SiO2-TiO2 composite using titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as TiO2 precursor and PEG-40 as template. The composite functionalization and metal modification were carried out by adding (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as the source of propylamine linker and impregnating NiCl2·6H2O as the nickel precursor, respectively. The catalysts were synthesized by varying the ratios between each component within the material. The prepared materials were then characterized using ATR-IR, XRD, XRF, PSA, SAA, AAS, SEM-EDX, HR-TEM, and TGA. The catalyst activity was investigated by applying it to the oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde with H2O2 as the oxidizing agent under sonication system. The obtained products were then analyzed by using GC-MS to quantify the success of the reaction. All characterizations performed in this research generally indicate the success in the synthesis of SiO2-TiO2@propylamine-Ni(II) materials. Under the same condition including at room temperature, 1 h reaction time, and sonication system, the optimal oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohol was reached when SiO2-TiO2@propylamine-Ni(II)5 was used as the catalyst in 98.52% yield.
Synthesis, Characterization and Staining Ability of Novel Azo Dye Based on Curcumin and Its Au(III) Complex Wesam Dheyab Kzar; Hasan Shamran Mohammed; Fatimah Swadi Zghair; Zahia Zizi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.84388

Abstract

Azo dye ligand (HMDA), namely N-(4-((E)-((1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-dioxohepta-1,6-dien-4-yl)diazenyl)phenyl)acetamide was prepared by coupling diazonium salt of 4-aminoacetanilide with curcumin in basic conditions. The HMDA ligand and its Au(III) complex were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, FTIR, UV-visible spectra, and molar conductivity. The molar ratio method was applied to ascertain the stoichiometric composition of the Au(III) complex in aqueous solution, which was 1:2 (metal ion to ligand). HMDA ligand binding with Au(III) ion used the enolate form moiety of curcumin under alkaline conditions which was observed by infrared spectra and investigated by elemental analysis and 1H-NMR. HMDA and its Au(III) complex have been evaluated as stains for intestine, pancreas and kidney tissues of mice and exhibited important contrast. Both compounds showed the most potent staining activity toward blood cells, collagen, muscle fibers and cytoplasm in the selected tissues of mice. This azo dye and its complex of Au(III) succeeded in dyeing mice tissues, compared with the conventional stains.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II)-Levofloxacin Complexes for Carbon Dioxide Storage Media Hadeel Adil; Hamsa Thamer; Dina Saadi Ahmed; Raghda Alsayed; Muna Bufaroosha; Khalid Zainulabdeen; Hassan Hashim; Alaa Mohammed; Emad Yousif
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.84552

Abstract

Three complexes ([CuL2(H2O)2], [NiL2(H2O)2], and [ZnL2Cl2]) have been synthesized through the reaction of metal salts and levofloxacin and characterized by spectrophotometers. The morphology of the complexes was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The physicochemical properties of these complexes were evaluated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) techniques. Furthermore, the storage capacity of these complexes was verified using the H-sorb 2600 analyzer at a temperature of 323 K and varying pressure conditions. The obtained data substantiates that the synthesized complexes exhibit favorable attributes for CO2 absorption. The surface area reaches 24.97 m2/g with capacities of 123.073 m3/g and 34.400 m3/g to adsorb CO2. The escalating levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, primarily resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels to meet the surging energy requirements, pose a pressing environmental challenge. Consequently, there has been a surge in research focused on the development of novel materials aimed at facilitating CO2 storage.
Determination of Cadmium Levels in Agricultural Soils of Some Regions in Syria Ranim Ibrahim; Sophie Barguil; Sondos Hesenow
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.84607

Abstract

Soil pollution with heavy metals has become a serious global threat, largely due to anthropogenic activities, and cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic known heavy metals. This study aimed to assess cadmium levels in several agricultural soils in several Syrian regions. Soil samples were taken from six agricultural lands, prepared, and processed to determine the total content of cadmium using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the values of cadmium concentration ranged between 0.60 and 1.48 ppm in the studied soil samples, exceeding the permissible limit in some areas. Cadmium values were higher in farmland soils near industrial facilities than those far from them. This study indicates the spread of Cd contamination throughout the study area, significantly near the industrial activities; thus, it may impact local agricultural production safety and human health.

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