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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 2,006 Documents

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EFFECT OF GLYCEROL SEPARATION ON PALM OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION Budy Rahmat; Imas Siti Setiasih; Roni Kastaman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This research was aimed to study the effect of glycerol separation on palm oil transesterification. Objectives of this study were to suppress the use of excess methanol and shorten the processing time. This research consisted of: design-build reactor, the effect of the glycerol separation on the transesterification reaction, characterization of biodiesel, and mass balance analysis. The reactor was designed by integrating circulate stirrer pump, static mixer, and sprayer that will bring out the intense reaction in the outer tank reactor. The experiment in this research was the treatment of decreasing the quantity of methanol to 5:1 molar ratio and reducing of processing time to 20 min, which was arranged in a completely randomized factorial design. The result showed that, (i) the stirring system was effectively worked outside the reactor tank, and in its reactor tank occurred glycerol separation during the process; (ii) the rate of glycerol during the process followed the inverse regression equation of Ŷ = 66.44-351.17 X-1; (iii) the decrease in the level of methanol to 5:1 molar ratio and the reduction of processing time to 20 min in this engineering did not influence the biodiesel yield and quality that met the SNI 04-7182-2006 standard.

Synthesis of Fluorescence Carbon Nanoparticles from Ascorbic Acid Sri Sugiarti; Noviyan Darmawan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Carbon nanoparticles (C-dot) are materials that belong to a class of 0-dimensional nanoparticles with a photoluminescence property. C-dot can be synthesized from a variety of organic acids through bottom-up synthetic methods or from other source of inorganic carbons through top-down synthetic methods. Herein, we report a simple and fast synthesis method for the formation of C-dot from ascorbic acid using microwave heating technique. The success of this synthesis was shown by visual analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Visual analysis showed an increased in fluorescence intensity with the addition of urea as a passivation agent. The maximum fluorescence emission of the C-dot was a blue green color at wavelength 500 nm, after the C-dot was excited at a wavelength of 400 nm. The TEM analysis showed that the synthesized C-dot had an average size of 18 nm. We also conducted a preliminary study on the synthesized C-dot as a heavy ion metal sensor and found selective identification of Cr metal.

Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Aspergillus terreus LS07 Rizna Triana Dewi; Sanro Tachibana; Puspa Dewi; L.B.S. Kardono; Muhammad Ilyas
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study aims to search for the active components from Aspergillus terreus LS07 which isolated from an Indonesian soil. Bioassay-guided fractionations of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract against α-glucosidase and DPPH free radical to give four isolated compounds: oleic acid (1), ergosterol (2), butyrolactone I (3), and butyrolactone II (4). The structures of these metabolites were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. Oleic acid (1) was showed significant activity toward α-glucosidase with IC50 value of 8.54 μM, but not for antioxidant. Butyrolactone I (3) and II (4) were showed significant activities against the α-glucosidase with their IC50 values at 52.17 and 96.01 μM, and those against DPPH free radicals at 51.39 and 17.64 μM, respectively. On the other hand, ergosterol (2) did not show any activities.

EXTENDING THE LIFE TIME OF POLYMER INCLUSION MEMBRANE CONTAINING COPOLY(EUGENOL-DVB) AS CARRIER FOR PHENOL TRANSPORT Agung Abadi Kiswandono; Dwi Siswanta; Nurul Hidayat Aprilita; Sri Juari Santosa; Takashi Hayashita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 13, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A study of phenol transport was conducted in correlation to the evaluation of copoly(eugenol-divinylbenzene, DVB) as carrier using polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) method. The performance of copoly(eugenol-DVB) was observed based on the parameters of Membrane Liquid (ML) loss. Some variations, including the effect of plasticizer concentration, stirring speed, and measurement of lifetime of the membrane, were studied. Related to the lifetime, the effect of the concentration of NaNO3 salt was also studied. The tensile strength of membrane before and after the transport was measured and their morphology was characterized using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Results of the study indicate that the value of the tensile strength of the membrane after the transport was lower than that before the transport. The lifetime of the membrane was not only depending on the capacity of the membrane in restraining ML loss, but also on the concentration of salt that was added to the solution of source phase. In addition, the lifetime of the membrane had correlation to the number of ML loss, i.e. the addition of salt lead to lower amount of ML loss and gave longer lifetime. With the addition of 0.1 M NaNO3, the lifetime of the membrane extended to 62 days, which is longer than the lifetime without the addition of NaO3 which was only 7 days.

Performance of Zinc-Difattyalkyldithyocarbamate as Anti-Friction/Anti-Wear Lubricant Additives Komar Sutriah; Zainal Alim Mas’ud; Tun Tedja Irawadi; Mohammad Khotib
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Dithyocarbamate is an organosulphur compound that has long been known and widely applied in various fields, including in agriculture and industry. Several variants of synthesized vegetable oil-based Zinc-difattyalkyldithyocarbamate were tested its anti-friction/anti-wear performance on four ball machine using the method of ASTM-D2783. Anti-friction/anti-wear test to six of additive variants of Zinc-difattyalkyldithyocarbamate at doses of 1.2% indicated that all variants of the product has welding point value higher than the lube base oil lubricant HVI 60, and from US Steel 136 standard for Hydraulic lubricants, but only two additive variants of Zinc-bis(lauryl palmityl)dithyocarbamate and Zinc-bis(lauryl oleyl)dithyocarbamate which has a larger load wear index value than the standard, and meet the criteria as an additive extreme pressure according to US steel 136 standard. Zinc-bis(lauryl palmityl)dithyocarbamate is an additive variant with the best performance, meet bi-functional lubricant additives criteria, as anti-friction/anti-wear and antioxidant additive.

SIMPLE METHOD TO PRODUCE NANOPOROUS CARBON FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS BY PYROLYSIS OF SPECIALLY SYNTHESIZED PHENOLIC RESIN Imam Prasetyo; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Teguh Ariyanto; Rakhmat Yunanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nanoporous carbon materials, a unique and useful material, have been widely used in many technologies such as separation processes, catalysis, energy storage, gas storage, energy conversion, etc. due to its high specific surface area and tunable porosity. In this research, nanoporous carbons were prepared using simple and innovative approach based on structural array of phenolic resin polymer without activation during carbonization process. The effect of phenolic reactant type and composition on pore structure and carbon surface morphologies was studied. Nanoporous carbon derived from resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) and from resorcinol phenol formaldehyde (RPF) polymers was suitable for electrode material supercapacitor and CO2 capture medium. RF-derived and RPF-derived carbons provide electrode material supercapacitor with specific capacitance up to 246 F/g, whereas carbonized RPF exhibited CO2 uptake of 10.63 mmol/g (at 3.5 MPa 298 K). Nanoporous carbon derived from resorcinol para-tert-butyl phenol formaldehyde (RTBPF) polymer exhibited attractive characteristics as methane storage media with methane uptake capacity as high as 8.98 mmol/g (at 3.5 MPa 298 K).

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan- Alginate for Controlled Release of Isoniazid Drug Sari Edi Cahyaningrum; Nuniek Herdyastuti; Nur Qomariah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aim of this research was to synthesize and characterize chitosan-calcium alginate as matrix isoniazid encapsulation to produce controlled release isoniazid drug. The microparticles were evaluated for surface morphology, functional groups, size particles, drug content and swelling index. The drug release kinetic was investigated at gastric and intestinal artificial pH. The results showed that isoniazid-calcium alginate-chitosan has majority particle diameter of 1001-1500 nm. The release mechanism of isoniazid was through combination of erosion and diffusion.

Crystal Phase and Surface Morphology of Zeolite-Y Templated Carbon with K2CO3 and ZnCl2 Activation Ufafa Anggarini; Eva Agustina; Nurul Widiastuti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Zeolite-Y templated carbon (ZTC) has been activated with K2CO3 and ZnCl2. This research aims to compare the characteristics of ZTC with K2CO3 and ZnCl2 activation. ZTC was synthesized via impregnation method followed by carbonization. In this research, activation process was conducted at variation of activator/carbon weight ratio of 1 and 1.50. The activation was carried out by heating up impregnated carbon at 800 °C for 1 h followed by washing to remove inorganic salt. XRD and SEM results indicate that the use of different activator produce ZTC with varied structure and morphology. Diffractogram results showed that the graphitic peak decreased due to K2CO3 activation, whereas graphitic peak increased owing to ZnCl2 activation. Decreasing the graphitic peak indicates that ZTCs have higher pore structure formation. In addition, surface formation of ZTC activated by K2CO3 was higher than by ZnCl2 activation. The higher pore structure formation means the amount of carbon deposited on external surface material was decreased.

Analytical Method Development for the Determination of Α-Endosulfan and Bifenthrin Pesticide Residues in Tea Dyah Styarini; Andreas Andreas; Y. Susanto Ridwan; Retno Yusiasih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The development of analytical method for the determination of α-endosulfan and bifenthrin residues in tea has been done. The complex matrices and also the pigment were the challenge in doing quantification of the pesticide residues in tea matrices. In order to get appropriate analysis method for the determination of pesticide residues in tea, the modification was done in the analytical method for the determination of organochlorine multiresidue in non fat matrices: seasoning and spicy that is published by Directorate General of Food Crops, Directorate of Food Plant Protection. The modification was done particularly in clean-up step to remove the interferences from the extract of tea matrices such as the pigment that usually interfere the measurement with Gas Chromatography (GC). The result showed that the MDL value for both analytes were 0.5 ng/g that were much lower than MRLs. The percent recovery obtained from the method was 78.58 and 90.19% for α-endosulfan and bifenthrin, respectively. The precision of the analysis method for both analytes were good since the % RSD values were below than the Horwitz’s value that was 19.18% at spiking level concentration of 300 ng/g.

Transformation of Eugenol and Safrole into Hydroxychavicol Budi Arifin; Dumas Flis Tang; Suminar Setiati Achmadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hydroxychavicol is found in betel leaf at low concentration and is reported to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimutagenic activities. This study aimed to synthesize hydroxychavicol from eugenol and safrole. Isolation of eugenol from clove oil by alkaline extraction method gave 71% yield, while the isolation of safrole from lawang oil by alkaline extraction method, followed by purification using preparative thin layer chromatography, gave 7% yield. Eugenol demethylation and safrole demethylenation with AlCl3 reagent were successfully produced hydroxychavicol. The yields were 28% and 24%, respectively. Mechanisms of the synthesis are proposed in this article.

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