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Communications in Science and Technology
Published by Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia
ISSN : 25029258     EISSN : 25029266     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
Communication in Science and Technology [p-ISSN 2502-9258 | e-ISSN 2502-9266] is an international open access journal devoted to various disciplines including social science, natural science, medicine, technology and engineering. CST publishes research articles, reviews and letters in all areas of aforementioned disciplines. The journal aims to provide comprehensive source of information on recent developments in the field. The emphasis will be on publishing quality articles rapidly and making them freely available to researchers worldwide. All articles will be indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, PubMed, Google Metric, Ebsco and also to be indexed by Scopus and Thomson Reuters in the near future therefore providing the maximum exposure to the articles. The journal will be important reading for scientists and researchers who wish to keep up with the latest developments in the field.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 259 Documents
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The effect of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UAEH) on the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of edible swiftlet’s nest hydrolysates Nita Kusumawati; Pirim Setiarso; Sunu Kuntjoro; Ita Fatkhur Romadhoni; Gina Noor Djalilah; Khofifatul Rahmawati; Senja Salzanabila Putri Perdana; Achmad Naufal Al Hafidl; Amirul Mu’minin; Safira Keysa Dewayanti; Anandatya Ramdhan Achmad Al Manfaluty; Shafira Basri; Nailah Clarinta Artanti; Firnanda Amelia Wulandari; Aprilia Putri Nur Afifatun Nisak; Muhammad Zaky Fachriansyah
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1974

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UAEH) compared with non-hydrolyzed samples on the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of edible swiftlet’s nest (ESN) co-product hydrolysates using bromelain under optimized processing conditions. ESN was subjected to UAEH treatment (40 °C, pH 7.0, 40 kHz) followed by freeze-drying. The results showed that hESN-C achieved the highest yield (62.13%) and degree of hydrolysis (37.95%), while hESN-CP gave the lowest (28% yield, 9.57% degree of hydrolysis). FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the retention of key glycoprotein functional groups across all hydrolysate fractions: characteristic O–H/N–H stretching vibrations at 3270-3272 cm-1, Amide I at 1630-1631 cm-1, and Amide II at 1526-1537 cm-1, together with glycan-associated C–O/C–N stretching vibrations, indicating selective peptide bond cleavage by bromelain without disruption of glycosidic linkages and preservation of the carbohydrate architecture in the resulting bioactive glycopeptides. HPLC qualitatively confirmed sialic acid retention in all fractions (retention time 6-7 min). Amino acid profiling revealed complete essential amino acid profiles in all samples, with the highest concentrations in hESN-C dominated by L-valine (36,507.33 mg/kg), L-proline (37,083.32 mg/kg), and L-serine (37,635.48 mg/kg). Fatty acid analysis identified oleic acid (0.1491%) and linoleic acid (0.0428%) as the predominant unsaturated fatty acids, particularly in hESN-CP. Particle size analysis demonstrated that UAEH produced smaller, more uniformly distributed nanoparticles (14.17-27.03 nm) with low polydispersity indices (<0.3). Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct morphological differences: hESN-C and hESN-D exhibited homogeneous laminar structures, whereas hESN-CP displayed heterogeneous porous morphology attributed to keratin from feather residues. UAEH treatment significantly increased soluble protein content (hESN-C: 1.246 μg/μL; hESN-CP: 0.844 μg/μL) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (up to 10.70% for hESN-CP) relative to non-hydrolyzed controls. Heavy metal concentrations (Hg: 0.0172–0.0236 mg/L; Cd: 0.1194–0.1444 mg/L; Pb: 0.11–1.4 mg/L) remained within Chinese safety thresholds, and water activity was reduced to safe levels (<0.60). Collectively, these results demonstrate that UAEH is an effective and sustainable strategy for valorizing ESN co-products into physicochemically improved, bioactive glycopeptide hydrolysates with potential as functional food ingredients. Future studies employing quantitative in vitro bioactivity assays and in vivo validation are warranted to substantiate broader health-benefit claims.
Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of green-synthesized bimetallic CuO-ZnO nanoparticles Ni Ketut Eri Suryani; I Wayan Karyasa; I Putu Parwata
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1976

Abstract

Green-synthesized bimetallic copper oxide–zinc oxide (CuO/ZnO) nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest due to their enhanced physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity. This study proposes a green synthesis approach for CuO/ZnO nanoparticles and evaluates their physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial performance by means of a range of analytical techniques including XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM–EDX, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed elevated crystallinity in all samples, while the CuO/ZnO bimetallic variant (Cbest) exhibited the smallest crystallite size (22.93 nm). Antibacterial assays, conducted utilizing the agar well diffusion method demonstrated that pure CuO nanoparticles exhibited the strongest inhibition against Escherichia coli (15.39 mm), whereas the CuO/ZnO bimetallic variant (Cbest) demonstrated the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus (10.02 mm). The results of the one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences among the treatments (p < 0.05), thus confirming the influence of nanoparticle composition on antibacterial efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of green-synthesized CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as effective antibacterial agents.
Composite copper(I)-hydroxyapatite: a heterogeneous catalyst for the homocoupling reaction of biaryl compounds Iis Intan Widiyowati; Atiek Rostika Noviyanti; Mukhamad Nurhadi; Muhamad R. S. Sidik; Muhammad Rizki Ramadhan; Yudha Prawira Budiman
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1995

Abstract

In this present study, a reusable Cu(I)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) catalyst was developed for the homocoupling of arylboronic acids under mild conditions. The investigation encompassed the examination of how different solvents and atmospheric conditions affect the performance of catalyst. The catalyst, was prepared by means of wet impregnation with an acetone-water (24:1) mixture purposely to load 10 wt% CuI onto HAp. XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS analyses demonstrated that CuI was successfully deposited on the HAp surface without changing its crystal structure or shape. During the experiment, it is established that both the solvent and the atmosphere exhibited a significant impact on the homocoupling of p-tolylboronic acid. The most optimal results were achieved through the utilization of dry DMF in air at room temperature for a duration of 24 hours. In these conditions, 4,4'-dimethylbiphenyl was isolated in approximately 80% yield, as confirmed by GC-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The catalyst stayed active over four cycles, although the yield fell to 53% by the fourth run. XRD analysis of the used catalyst revealed that the HAp structure remained mostly unchanged. When we tested different substrates, it was found that Cu(I)-HAp worked most effectively with para-substituted arylboronic acids that were less densely populated. Overall, Cu(I)-HAp has been identified to a potentially effective heterogeneous catalyst for the aerobic biaryl synthesis. The device is characterized by Its ease of use, its capacity for recycling, and its operationalization at room temperature.
Enhanced bioelectricity recovery and melanoidin degradation in CO2- capturing microbial fuel cells via biochar-immobilized whole-cell biocatalysts Junjira Thipraksa; Thanapon Yooyen; Phachirarat Sola; Wasan Palasai; Pimprapa Chaijak
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1996

Abstract

Melanoidin-rich wastewater from agro-industrial processes, particularly palm oil mill effluent, poses significant environmental problem owing to its recalcitrant nature and high organic load. The present study developed a carbon-capturing microbial fuel cell (MFC) integrated with biochar-immobilized laccase-producing microbial consortia for an integrated system enabling concurrent melanoidin removal, bioelectricity recovery, and carbon fixation under the tested conditions. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar produced at 600 °C (BC600) was selected as an immobilization support due to its superior adsorption capacity and functional surface properties. The immobilized system demonstrated a maximum melanoidin removal efficiency of 73.15±1.10% and significant COD reduction with degradation exhibiting a close association with enhanced laccase activity. In the MFC, enhanced electrochemical performance was observed, with a maximum open circuit voltage of 619.17±10.49 mV, along with current and power densities of 8.29±0.15 A/m3 and 1.00±0.20 W/m3, respectively. Coupling with microalgae resulted in the simultaneous fixation of carbon (0.13±0.00 g/L/day). A phytotoxicity assessment confirmed no inhibitory effects on rice seed germination. This finding indicates that the substance is environmentally safe. It is imperative to note that the present study proposes a novel integration of biochar-based immobilization with a carbon-capturing MFC for the concurrent removal of pollutants, energy recovery, and CO2 mitigation. This sustainable approach offers a promising solution for the treatment of melanoidin-rich wastewater.
A comprehensive evaluation of broad learning system for deep feature- based chili leaf disease classification Rudi Kurniawan; Lukman Sunardi; Bunga Intan; Zulhipni Reno Saputra Elsi; Fatma Susilawati Mohamad
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1997

Abstract

The early detection of plant leaf diseases is essential for the enhancement of crop productivity and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices. While deep learning models have been shown to be achieve remarkable success in the recognition of plant disease, conventional classifiers commonly rely on iterative gradient-based optimization, resulting in increased training complexity. This present study investigates a hybrid framework for the classification of chili leaf disease that combines DenseNet201-based deep feature extraction with a Broad Learning System (BLS) classifier. The DenseNet201 model is employed to generate discriminative feature representations, whereas the BLS approach employs a closed-form ridge regression solution for classification. The present study involved experiments conducted by means of the publicly available Chili Plant Leaf Disease Dataset containing 1,856 original images from six different disease categories. To prevent data leakage, the dataset was initially partitioned into training, validation, and test subsets at the original-image level, with data augmentation being applied exclusively to the training set, thereby increasing it to 9,093 images. The proposed DenseNet201+BLS framework achieved a test accuracy of 99.28% and a macro F1-score of 99.00%. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed model was compared with that of Softmax, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers using identical DenseNet201 feature representations. Among the evaluated classifiers, SVM demonstrated the highest level of accuracy (99.64%), whereas BLS exhibited a favorable balance between predictive performance and computational efficiency, requiring less than one second for training while outperforming Softmax, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest. Grad-CAM visualizations further demonstrated that the extracted deep features focus on disease-relevant regions such as lesions, discoloration patterns, and abnormal leaf structures. The findings indicate that the integration of DenseNet201 feature extraction with a Broad Learning System offers a competitive and computationally efficient alternative for the automated classification of chili leaf disease. The proposed framework facilitates accurate disease recognition with substantially reduced training costs, making it a promising solution for resource-efficient agricultural monitoring and decision-support applications.
Dense porous monolithic carbon from Indonesian daikon leaf waste via NaOH–CO2 physicochemical activation for binder-free volumetric supercapacitors Apriwandi; Widya Sinta Mustika; Julnaidi; Della Puspita; Rika Taslim; Erman Taer
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.2000

Abstract

High-performance volumetric supercapacitors are often limited by the trade-off between porosity and electrode density in biomass-derived carbon. Herein, binder-free monolithic carbon electrodes were produced from Indonesian daikon leaf waste through 0.5 M NaOH pretreatment followed by integrated N2–CO2 thermal processing. NaOH activation increased the surface area from 236 to 570 m2 g−1, increasing carbon purity from 88.34 to 95.45 wt% while retaining 4–5 wt% oxygen functionalities. The activated monolithic carbon electrode (VSAC) delivered a volumetric capacitance of 169 F cm−3 at 1 mV s−1 and 185 F cm−3 at 10 mA cm−2 in a symmetric two-electrode configuration without binders or conductive additives. VSAC also retained 83.2% capacitance at high scan rates and achieved 16.01 Wh L−1 at 838 W L−1. The improved performance arises from interconnected ion pathways, preserved electrode density, and surface oxygen functionalities, demonstrating a sustainable strategy for practical volumetric supercapacitors.
Sugar composition profiling of Indonesian stingless bee (Meliponini) honey from multiple geographical regions using HPLC-RID and multivariate analysis Muhamad Saeful Anwar; Ekrima Astari; Nurlela; Muhamad Sahlan
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.2001

Abstract

Stingless bee honey (Meliponini) has attracted attention due to its unique sugar composition, particularly trehalulose, a low-glycemic disaccharide with potential health benefits. This study investigated the sugar profiles of 23 stingless bee honey samples collected from East Java, Central Java, Bali, Belitung, and Jambi using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Refractive Index Detection (HPLC-RID). Fructose and glucose were the dominant sugars, while trehalulose concentrations varied markedly among regions. The highest fructose content was observed in Bali honey (47.09 g/100 g), whereas Belitung honey exhibited the highest trehalulose concentration (43.22 g/100 g). Jambi samples contained relatively higher sucrose levels. Dehumidification treatment reduced trehalulose concentration while increasing fructose and glucose contents. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed clear regional clustering patterns, explaining 83.3% of the total variance. Belitung honey samples were distinguished by exceptionally high trehalulose concentrations compared with samples from other regions. These findings provide a comparative overview of regional variation in sugar composition and trehalulose distribution in Indonesian stingless bee honey. The results contribute to the scientific database of Indonesian stingless bee honey and may support future efforts in quality control, honey characterization, and the development of high-value honey products.
Isolation and identification of endophytic Streptomyces strain and its antifungal activity against root-pathogenic fungi from watermelon roots Nguyen Ngoc Phuong Trang; Nguyen Van Chuong
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.2002

Abstract

Watermelon production is frequently constrained by soil-borne fungal diseases, particularly those caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, which have been shown to severely impair plant growth and productivity. The objective of this study is to isolate, identify, and evaluate the antifungal potential of Streptomyces strains associated with watermelon-growing soils and to explore their functional traits related to biological control. A total of 22 actinomycete isolates were recovered and screened for chitinolytic and antifungal activities, leading to the selection of three promising strains designated NVC-TL3, strain 4, and NVC-TX. Morphological characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified these isolates as Streptomyces cyaneochromogenes NVC-TL3, Streptomyces toxytricini strain 4, and Streptomyces lydicus NVC-TX. All strains exhibited extracellular chitinase activity and significantly inhibited the growth of *F. fujikuroi* under in vitro conditions. Among them, S. lydicus NVC-TX demonstrated the strongest antagonistic activity, achieving 74.9% mycelial growth inhibition after 7 days of incubation. The efficacy of the substances was further confirmed by greenhouse experiments, which demonstrated a reduction in disease severity to 14.9% and a significant enhancement in plant vigor in comparison to the pathogen-inoculated control. The study revealed substantial functional variation among phylogenetically distinct Streptomyces isolates and demonstrated a close association between chitinolytic capacity and disease suppression. These findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge concerning the biodiversity of Streptomyces associated with watermelon and highlight the potential of S. lydicus NVC-TX as a promising biological control agent. The application of this strain could contribute to the reduction of dependence on synthetic fungicides, thereby promoting environmentally sustainable disease management, and supporting healthier and more productive watermelon cultivation systems.  
Erratum to: "Exploring fluidization dynamics and chemical performance in silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) hydrochlorination processes within a fluidized bed reactor: Development and analysis of an Eulerian-granular model" Ekehwanh Rasheed; Saad Nahi Saleh; Jasim Humadi
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.2008

Abstract

The present work examines the complex fluidization pattern and reactive interactions of silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) during hydrochlorination in a fluidized-bed reactor (FBR), a system that remains difficult to model accurately. To address this gap, we develop a new Eulerian–granular CFD framework that for the first time couples the Eulerian–Eulerian fluid model with KTGF specifically for SiCl₄ hydrochlorination, enabling prediction capabilities that are unavailable in previous FBR studies. The validity of the model was confirmed through comparisons with empirical bed-expansion correlations and Hsu’s gas-temperature data, that demonstrated strong agreement and the ability of the model to capture the coupled thermal–hydrodynamic behavior of the system. In addition to the conventional observations documented in previous studies, this study identifies distinct flow-regime transitions and bed-voidage evolution that are unique to SiCl₄. These findings demonstrated the impact of SiCl₄’s reactive transport behavior on fluidization stability. Under bubbling conditions, the model uncovered a characteristic SiCl₄ distribution pattern that more significantly enhanced gas–solid mixing in comparison to previous report. Additionally, it predicts rapid heat equilibration within ~13 mm of bed height - a behavior not documented in earlier hydrochlorination studies. Chemically, the model predicted a maximum SiHCl₃ concentration of 14.01% and an SiCl₄ conversion of 29.84%, thereby offering new mechanistic insight into how fluidization dynamics directly govern reaction performance. Overall, this work provides the first specialized CFD framework for SiCl₄ hydrochlorination, thus establishing a novel mechanistic understanding of its fluidization–reaction coupling. Furthermore, it offers a more accurate predictive basis for optimizing industrial FBR systems employed in silicon-based chemical manufacturing.

Page 26 of 26 | Total Record : 259

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