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Mesin
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Articles 539 Documents
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Study of Geometric Modification of Calciner in Cement Plant Prihadi Setyo Darmanto; Muhammad Isroffi
Mesin Vol 29 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.1.1

Abstract

Suspension preheater is a raw mix pre-heating equipment used in a cement plant. The heat is used to raise raw mix temperature up to 800 0C -900 0C. The process results in an 80-90% degree of calcination. In this project, an increasing percentage of calcination in suspension preheater and reducing the load in the kiln is attempted, by including the calciner in suspension preheater. This project will focus on a suspension preheater system with a separate line calciner (SLC) at Cement Plant with 5000 ton per day (TPD) capacity. Calciner in existing conditions will be modified by extending its length by 2.5 m. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was chosen to simulate the performance of the calciner. The results show that the alternative design can increases calcination percentage up to 76,32%, from the original value of 71%. The heat transfer on the alternative design also increases by 9%. As a result, the temperature output of the cyclone 5 also decreases, reducing the heat consumption. Another consequence of the alternative design is the possibility to increase the production capacity while maintaining the outlet temperature of cyclone 5, by increasing raw mix feeding without additional fuel consumption. Thus, clinker production can be increased by 8%.
Study of an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine Using Pure Coconut Oil, Pure Tamanu Oil and B-20 as Fuel for Smart Microgrid Applications. Part I: Laboratory Testing Iman Kartolaksono Reksowardojo; Aji Ardiansyah; Tobat Martin Leonardo; Dini Permatasari; Yuli Setyo Indartono; Fariza Almira Ghany
Mesin Vol 29 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.1.2

Abstract

Smart Microgrid (SMG) is a hybrid system based on renewable energy which can use biofuel, taking advantage of local resources, as one of its energy sources. This study was conducted to determine the effect of using pure tamanu oil and pure coconut oil on engine performance, emissions, as well as their effects on particular components before and after endurance testing. The experiments were done using a diesel engine at speeds of 2200 rpm. In this study, engine performance and emission tests were done before and after the accelerated endurance tests, with loads of 800 W to 4000 W. The dimensions of the fuel injector nozzle needle and plunger pump were also measured. The fuel performance and emissions results showed slight differences between, before, and after endurance testing. The emissions tests also showed that the two biofuels, especially tamanu, are cleaner than B-20 and have better dimensional measurement results, compared to B-20. Therefore, these biofuels are feasible for replacing B-20, as shown in laboratory testing
Study of an Indirect Injection (IDI) Diesel Engine Using Pure Coconut Oil, Pure Tamanu Oil and B-20 for Smart Microgrid Applications Part II: Pilot Testing Iman Kartolaksono Reksowardojo; Aji Ardiansyah; Tobat Martin Leonardo; Dini Permatasari; Yuli Setyo Indartono; Fariza Almira Ghany
Mesin Vol 29 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.1.3

Abstract

The Smart Microgrid (SMG) can be used as a solution to overcome problems with electrical distribution on remote islets. The SMG system allows for a combination of conventional and renewable energy for power generation. Biofuel was chosen as a renewable energy source because of its abundant availability and ease of mobilization. This study examined the performance of B-20, Pure Tamanu Oil (PTO), and Pure Coconut Oil (PCO) in an IDI diesel engine that acts as a backup for SMG systems in the Karimunjawa Islands. The entire SMG system consists of: diesel engine, stabilizer, inverter, PV, batteries, ice maker, and a channel to the electrical grid. The results show that PTO has the highest value of thermal efficiency, that of 17.38%, but with a higher BSFC of 0.54 kg/kWh when compared to B-20 usage (14.69% and 0.51 kg/kWh). According to performance test results, their performance can be compared to the first part of this twin paper, which is laboratory testing, with a range of 2400-3200 W loads. Therefore, it can be said that biofuels are feasible for replacing B-20, as shown in pilot testing.
Kajian Material Komposit Sandwich pada Floor Panel Pesawat Terbang Muhammad Labib Adyavit; Larasati Irischa Ramadhani; Mardiyati Mardiyati; Steven Steven
Mesin Vol 29 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.1.4

Abstract

Sandwich composites have been used as lightweight materials in aircraft manufacturing for a long time, from balsa wood sandwich in the 1930s to honeycomb and fiber-reinforced polymers sandwich. Its characteristics are considered as a 'perfect' material for aircraft, which has high strength with low density. Sandwich composites are the common materials for aircraft floor panels. The core is usually made of Nomex or aluminum honeycomb, while the skin is made of 1 "“ 2 ply of carbon/glass fiber in epoxy resin composite. The core is usually constructed using the corrugating or expansion method, whilst the skins are usually constructed using the prepreg lay-up method. Both materials are combined together by a simple adhesive bonding. Being the most strictly regulated transportation method on the planet, floor panel manufacturers must abide by aircraft manufacturing companies and local aviation authority standards and specifications to ensure the product's safety. The purpose of this study is to determine the most used materials for aircraft floor panels and why is it widely used, to understand the manufacturing process, and to know the specifications and standards that need to be fulfilled.
Kajian Penggunaan Baja Tahan Karat 316L sebagai Implan Sendi Panggul Muhammad Aldy Hassan; Luhadi Satriawan; Jhonsen Taharuddin; Mardiyati Mardiyati; Steven Steven
Mesin Vol 29 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.1.6

Abstract

Implant is one of the most important innovations in medical devices to help people with disabilities or injuries, one of them is the hip-joint implant. The hip-joint implant must-have properties such as good corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility, and good wear resistance. These properties are important for maintaining safety during surgery and future use. Nickel-free 316L stainless steel is one of the materials that is commonly used as implants and meets all the requirements for a material to be used as an implant. 316L stainless steel also has an advantage, a lower price than titanium and cobalt. However, 316L stainless steel has low wear resistance and needs to be coated in order to improve its wear resistance. Recent research reported that the metallic glass FeCrMoCB was able to cover cronidur30 and improved its wear resistance. This study discussed the properties of 316L stainless steel implants, the testing process, the manufacturing process, and the sustainability aspects of the manufacturing process. 
Two-Dimensional Analysis of Lower Extremities to Predict Best Initial Condition on Marching Movement Faisal Afif, Daffa; Made Ayu Sinta Dewi, Ni; Irham Naufran, Denis; Paskalis, Felix; Ferryanto, Ferryanto
Mesin Vol 29 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.2.1

Abstract

Himpunan Mahasiswa Mesin ITB has a specific type of marching that follows a march song’s rhythm called “derap”. In practice, derap was a hard move to maintain and unify in a group. This difficulty was observed by noting the differences that occur between the subjects' initial and middle march motion conditions. The most noticeable difference was the height of the group. This study intends to observe and find how the differences vary in this motion. The differences that occur corresponded to the relative knee and ankle angle. This study utilized five active markers to reconstruct the lower extremities' activity during motion, one action camera at 60 fps, and a workstation. This study was also constrained by using three cycles of march song at 115 bpm. Direct Linear Transformation was used to obtain the intrinsic factor of the camera to reconstruct the motion. Evaluating the angular kinematic parameters of relative knee and ankle angle, the authors found the relative knee angle has increased from 110° to around 130°, which happened at the second song cycle and kept stable at the rest of the song. This result brought the conclusion that more extended derap motion would tend to a steady condition of relative knee angle and suggested that the subject should begin with 130° of relative knee angle to give less effort on marching.
A A COMPARATIVE REVIEW AND NOVEL DESIGN POSSIBILITIES ON SOLAR-DRIVEN ABSORPTION LIBR-H2O REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Gunawan, Sonix; Arfianto, Widi; Heryadi, Budi
Mesin Vol 30 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2024.30.1.1

Abstract

Solar energy is a promising source of energy because of its potential due to the reduction usage of non-renewable energy. As the demand for cooling increases, solar-powered cooling technologies are becoming increasingly promising. Among the different solar cooling systems, LiBr-H2O absorption chillers are commonly used due to their advantages over NH3-H2O systems. Multiple cycle LiBr-H2O chillers can be powered by easily available flat-plate, evacuated tubular or parabolic solar collectors. This paper reviews Theoretical Principles-Based Analysis and Simulations of solar LiBr-H2O absorption cooling systems, performance comparison of each types and introduces new design options related to auxiliary energy systems and cooling mode cycle. The paper also summarizes other main types of solar absorption cooling systems, including double-effect, half-effect, triple effect and give updates of new technology design of hybrid effect. The choice of water-cooled or air-cooled absorption refrigeration depends on the local climate and water availability. Recent advances have made air-cooled absorption refrigeration a viable option, with comparable COP to water-cooled systems and lower maintenance requirements. Additionally, geothermal heat rejection with low pressure drops can further reduce energy consumption. Solar-powered double-effect absorption cooling systems are recommended for buildings with high cooling loads, while half-effect are suitable for air-cooled solar absorption cooling systems in hot and dry regions with limited water. This paper is specifically intended for those interested in developing solar-driven LiBr-H2O absorption chillers, emphasizing the importance of establishing standardized design guidelines to specific regions and climates in order to promote and expand the usage of solar cooling systems.
Analisis Statik Bus Konversi Listrik Berbasis Ladder Frame Chassis Arpi, Ilman; Dwianto , Robby; Budiman, Bentang Arief
Mesin Vol 29 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.2.5

Abstract

Konversi kendaraan Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) menjadi kendaraan Listrik dapat mempercepat peningkatan jumlah populasi Electric Vehicle (EV) yang mengurangi emisi gas carbon. Makalah ini menjelaskan proses analisis statik yang merupakan salah satu bagian penting saat mengkonversi bus berbasis ICE menjadi bus listrik. Bus yang dikonversi perlu memperhatikan pembebanan statik, khususnya berat dan posisi Center of Gravity (CoG) pada struktur sasis karena mempengaruhi performa Bus. Penimbangan massa dilakukan pada sasis untuk mengetahui letak CoG setiap kondisi. Massa sasis dengan muatan komponen elektrik setelah ditimbang adalah 2774 kg sedangkan massa sasis model CAD 2760,78 kg. Persentase error massa sasis pada CAD terhadap massa sasis hasil pengukuran cukup baik, yaitu 0,48%. Total perhitungan massa komponen elektrik dan upperstructure adalah 1612 kg dan 2854,4 kg. Analisis distribusi beban sepanjang sasis menggunakan pendekatan Finite Element Analysis dengan menerapkan metode analisis linear statik. Pembebanan komponen elektrik menghasilkan maksimum displacement 3,49 mm, von Mises stress 78,47 MPa dan reaction force -577,4 N pada sasis. Sedangkan, pembebanan total dengan menambahkan upperstructure menghasilkan maksimum displacement 4,58 mm, von Mises stress 83,95 MPa, dan reaction force -1174 N dengan nilai safety factor 5,24. Perbandingan error nilai defleksi suspensi depan dan belakang antara simulasi dengan teoritik adalah 4,99% dan 4,93%. Hasil investigasi menunjukan nilai kekakuan pada suspensi pegas daun depan dan belakang masing-masing sekitar 285 N/mm dan 320 N/mm. Selain itu, struktur sasis dengan pembebanan total mengalami tegangan maksimum di sekitar suspensi belakang.  
Multi-Objective Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger Optimization Using a Genetic Algorithm Suyatna, Nadiyah Rizki; Juangsa, Firman Bagja; Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo
Mesin Vol 29 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.2.4

Abstract

Heat exchangers are a significant component in many industries, particularly in energy conversion systems. The design of heat exchangers itself is a complex process because it involves experience-based decisions, numerous variables and parameters, and some of them are competing with each other. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are one of the first evolutionary algorithms which remains one of the most extensively used non-linear optimization methods today. This study explores the implementation of Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) for thermal design and optimization of a finned-tube heat exchanger. The chosen objective functions were minimizing the heat exchanger volume and minimizing the air side pressure drop. The decision variables for the design were tube outer diameter, number of tube rows, fin pitch, unit height, and unit width. The calculated parameters and estimated cost of both preliminary design and optimized design were also compared. The optimized design offered a bigger alternative design while meeting all the constraints according to standards and industrial needs. The optimization reduced annualized operational and maintenance costs by 228% and lowered air pressure drop by 413% with bigger heat exchanger volume of 12% compared to the preliminary design.
A Review of Valorization of Okara and Okara Nanocelullose Derived from Soybean Industrial Waste for Biosorbent Applications Puspitasari, Dita; Asri, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan; Syarif, Nur Fadhilah
Mesin Vol 29 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.2.2

Abstract

Solid waste from tofu production, also known as okara, has numerous applications and can produce high-value-added products. However, the utilization of okara in Indonesia is not yet significant. This written work proposes okara as a source of nanocellulose to produce wastewater adsorbents in freshwater by fabricating it as aerogels and hydrogels. Wastewater is highly hazardous to the environment and living organisms as it can contain saturated salts, heavy metals, organic compounds, oil emulsions, dyes, and even microbes as pollutants that can lead to various diseases or death. Therefore, research on biosorbents is always a hot topic. Biosorption is the process of binding metal ions into the cellular structure of biological materials. Lignocellulosic biosorbents have high adsorption properties due to their ion exchange capability. Okara biosorbent can increase the absorption capacity of Pb2+ ions by up to 20% compared to conventional absorbents. The soybean skin component could also remove contaminated textile dyes from water. Additionally, the low lignin content in okara makes it easier to utilize than other lignocellulosic materials. This research study also shows that okara-based nanocellulose aerogels can maintain their shape or exhibit full shape recovery properties even after being used repeatedly.

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