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ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08537291     EISSN : 24067598     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to published highest quality of research papers and review on all aspects of marine biology, marine conservation, marine culture, marine geology and oceanography.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 743 Documents
 71   72   73   74   75 
Screening Activities of Crude Extracts Produced Halodule sp. Seagrass-Associated Fungus Safwan, Safwan; Ridwan, Sucilawaty; Musyarrafah, Musyarrafah; Wijayanti, Rina
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.237-244

Abstract

Secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms, including marine-derived fungi, have consented to developing guide bioactive compounds. Marine-derived fungi were reported to be associated with various habitats, including seagrasses. The seagrass-associated fungus from the Indonesian marine area is still poorly unexplored. This study was presented to screen for the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of crude extracts produced by fungi associated with Seagrass (Halodule sp.) collected from Indonesia. Fresh samples were collected and kept fresh until they arrived in the Laboratory and immediately planted on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) Sea Salt media. Ten fungi were isolated and purified using a Malt Extract Agar (MEA) medium and subjected to fermentation treatment for 30 days using solid rice media. The compounds produced were collected by soaking directly using ethyl acetate (EA) for one hour while stirring mechanically. Evaporation of EA was carried out to obtain crude extracts. Each crude extract was subjected to antibacterial and antioxidant activities using the agar diffusion and DPPH methods, respectively. Reverse-phase Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to observe the compound profile. The results of the activity test showed that two crude extracts from fungi with the code A.10.4 and B.5.1 had both activities, antibacterial (potent inhibition at 50% concentration and antioxidant (IC50 of 90.23 and 88.29 ppm, respectively). Another crude extract with the fungi code B.1.1 showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 of 81.31 ppm) without antimicrobial activity. TLC results show different compound profiles from each crude extract and quite a good separation.
Spectral Characterization in Seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, using AS7285x Spectroscopy Sensor Device Kusuma, Hollanda Arief; Suhendra, Tonny; Ilhamdy, Aidil Fadli; Ilhami, Carel Candigia Sahid; Setyono, Dwi Eny Djoko; Lubis, Muhammad Zainuddin
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.183-191

Abstract

This study explores the spectral characterization of seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, using the SparkFun Triad Spectroscopy Sensor AS7265x to assess the relationship between water content and light intensity. This research aims to provide a foundation for non-destructive monitoring of post-harvest seaweed quality using spectral techniques. The SeaSpec device was constructed using an ESP32 microcontroller, a TFT display, and the AS7265x sensor. Seaweed samples were collected from the coastal area of Karimun Islands and subjected to a controlled drying process at 40°C to determine the water content in the seaweed. The spectral data were recorded across 18 channels in the visible and infrared spectra, highlighting distinct patterns that correlate with varying moisture levels. A multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine the contributions of individual spectral channels to water content prediction, revealing that each channel has its own unique contribution to the model. Coefficient of determination (R²), percentage error (%), and percentage accuracy (%) were also used to assess model performance. The results indicated that higher water content corresponds to increased light intensity. The analysis indicated that the visible spectrum outperformed the infrared spectrum in predictive accuracy, with an R² value of 0.79 compared to 0.61 for the infrared spectrum. This indicates that the visible light spectrum is more effective in predicting water content in K. alvarezii. The findings underscore the potential of spectral analysis as a reliable method for assessing the physico-chemical properties of seaweeds, advancing the use of optical sensors in aquaculture and environmental monitoring while paving the way for future research.
Seasonal and Spatial Dynamics of Chlorophyll-a Concentrations in Marine Protected FMA 714 in Relation to Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Catches Tadjuddah, Muslim; Sambah, Abu Bakar; Sadarun, Baru; Wianti, Nur Isiyana
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.311-320

Abstract

Indonesia's Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries designated Fisheries Management Area 714 (FMA 714) as a tuna conservation area.  Research has been conducted on the potential fishing grounds, distribution, and abundance of YFT in FMA 714. Still, a study that analyzes catch productivity and YFT coordinates with YFT conservation area distance has never been done. The objectives of this study are to analyze the seasonal and spatial dynamics of Chl-a concentrations in FMA 714 using temporal spatial analysis with SeaDAS 9.0.1, analyze fishing productivity by season using CPUE analysis, and determine the distance of the fishing ground from the conservation area using point distance geoprocessing analysis in GIS. The data used are logbook data from YFT caught with pole and line in the form of fishing coordinates, several catches, and seasonal Chl-a concentrations from 2019-2021, and catch per unit effort to analyze fishing productivity. The results showed that the highest average Chl-a concentration in FMA 714 was dominated by the eastern monsoon, transition period II, transition period I, and the western monsoon period. Transition period II had the highest CPUE, 19.50 fish/fishing set, and the lowest CPUE was found in the eastern monsoon, 0.36 fish/fish set. The fishing area has a moderate chlorophyll-a concentration but tends to yield a high CPUE and there is a tendency for high CPUE to be relatively far from the tuna conservation area.  
The Diversity of Molluscs in Seagrass Ecosystem of Wondama Bay, West Papua, Indonesia Aji, Ludi Parwadani; Widyastuti, Andriani; Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.245-258

Abstract

Papua, Indonesia is located in the Coral Triangle and is home to many marine creatures. Some areas of Papua, however, remain underexplored, particularly in terms of the diversity of mollusc and their seagrass bed habitat. This research aims to document benthic mollusc and seagrass species in Wondama Bay Regency and assess how habitat, temperature, and geographic location affect mollusc diversity and composition. Field data collection was conducted at nine sampling stations. A total of 197 benthic mollusc species was recorded, consisting of 53 species from 19 families of bivalves and 144 species from 40 families of gastropods. This suggests that mollusc species in Wondama Bay Regency still need further exploration which could reveal additional species. The bivalve Tellina sp. and gastropod Mitrella scripta were found in all nine sampling areas. Furthermore, nine species of seagrasses were recorded, with Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea rotundata found at all sites. The number of seagrass species in our study is considerably high. The seagrass species richness ranged from three to eight species, while the percent cover varied from 13 % to 65 % across sites. This research found that temperature, seagrass species, and geographic location did not significantly impact the mollusc species composition among sites. Whereas, seagrass coverage showed as an important driver of mollusc community assemblages, highlighting the importance of seagrass bed protection for mollusk diversity. This finding may assist stakeholders in advancing marine conservation efforts and encouraging the sustainable utilization of marine resources particularly in Wondama Bay Regency, Papua.
Antibacterial and Antifungal of β-sitosterol Isolated from Hydroid Aglaophenia cupressina Lamoureoux Against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum Johannes, Eva; Manguntungi, Baso; Tuwo, Mustika; Litaay, Magdalena; Mustopa, Apon Zaenal; Vanggy, Leggina Rezzy
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.192-202

Abstract

This study aimed to isolate and characterize β-sitosterol from the marine hydroid Aglaophenia cupressina Lamoureoux and evaluate its antibacterial and antifungal activities against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum. β-Sitosterol was extracted, purified, and identified using spectroscopic techniques, including infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity was assessed through agar diffusion method to determine its inhibitory effects on bacterial and fungal growth at varying concentrations. β-sitosterol is a crystalline compound, with a melting point of 138-139°C, consistent with the reported range for pure β-sitosterol, indicating high purity. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed key functional groups, including a hydroxyl group at 3433 cm⁻¹, C-O stretching at 1050 cm⁻¹, and aliphatic hydrocarbon chain vibrations at 2956, 2938, and 2869 cm⁻¹. The C=C stretching at 1634 cm⁻¹ and C-H bending at 1465 cm⁻¹ confirmed its unsaturated sterol structure. ¹H NMR spectroscopy further confirmed the structure with characteristic methyl and olefinic proton signals. The antibacterial activity of β-sitosterol against Xanthomonas campestris showed a concentration- and time-dependent effect, with the highest efficacy observed at 60 ppm, demonstrating potential as a natural antibacterial agent. Additionally, its antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum revealed both fungistatic and fungicidal effects, with lower concentrations exhibiting fungistatic behavior and higher concentrations displaying fungicidal activity, thereby offering versatility for both fungal inhibition and eradication. This dual action, combined with its well-characterized molecular structure, positions β-sitosterol as a promising candidate for further development as an antimicrobial compound. The findings underscore the accuracy of the identification process and highlight β-sitosterol's potential in pharmaceutical and agricultural applications, particularly in combating bacterial and fungal infections.
Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) Levels in Oysters Saccostrea cucullata, Water, and Sediment in the Cunda Strait of Lhokseumawe City, Indonesia Ekamaida, Ekamaida; Kusmana, Cecep; Hariyadi, Sigid; Nurilmala, Mala; Krisanti, Majariana
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.259-273

Abstract

Lhokseumawe is a designated as an Economic Growth Center (EGC), making it very susceptible to producing heavy metals.This research aimed to measure the content of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in oysters (Saccostrea cucullata), water, and sediment in the Cunda Strait, as well as evaluate the relationship between heavy metals and environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted at five stations selected based on considerations of seawater inflow and outflow into the Cunda Strait and existing pollution sources. The results showed that high levels of Pb and Cd with 0.36 and 0.00 mg.kg-1 for S. cucullata, 0.07 and 0.01 mg.kg-1 for water, as well as 7.60 and 0.03 mg.kg-1 for sediment, were found at locations away from the inflow and outflow of the Malacca Strait. The analysis showed a positive pattern in the relationship between Pb metal levels in S. cucullata with water and sediment. This suggested that Pb pollution in S. cucullata came from Pb metal in sediment and water, showing a significant effect on aquatic organisms. However, no clear relationship was found between Cd metal in S. cucullata with sediment and water. The main differences in Pb and Cd between parts were observed in the levels of Pb in water (r= 0.59) and Cd in water (r= 0.71), where higher concentrations were found in central part of the Cunda Strait compared to the southern and northern. Contaminants of heavy metals in S. cucullata, water, and sediment were significantly influenced by temperature, sediment fraction, and organic matter.
Acropora formosa Development in Various Depths at Pramuka Island, Seribu Island National Park Irhas, Muhammad; Harahap, Syawaludin A; Sunarto, Sunarto; Ismail, Mochamad Rudyansyah; Faizal, Ibnu
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.203-212

Abstract

Coral transplantation is a proven method for restoring degraded marine ecosystems affected by environmental changes and human activities. This study investigates how depth influences the growth and survival of Acropora formosa using the RakSagon structure at Gosong Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands. RakSagon is a hexagonal dome frame made of 10 mm iron, coated with a resin-catalyst mixture, and designed with two tiers to support coral fragment attachment. The observation spanned 378 days and was divided into three monitoring periods (t0–t3) with varying intervals. The study analyzed growth, survival, and effectiveness at depths of 3, 5, and 7 m. Additionally, the ratio between coral length and width (0.38–1.08) was measured to identify horizontal or vertical growth tendencies. The highest growth occurred at 7 m, averaging 1.41–1.74 cm.mo-1, while the lowest was at 3 m (0.68–0.99 cm.mo-1). Growth varied between observation periods, with the second interval showing the most notable increase. Fragment survival was evaluated using the Survival Rate (SR) and Mortality Index (MI); the MI value of 0.305 indicated moderate mortality, with a 69% success rate (25 of 36 fragments survived). A one-way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in growth rates among the depths (P= 0.004), confirming that depth plays a crucial role in transplantation outcomes. The findings suggest that a depth of 7 m offers optimal conditions for coral growth and survival, providing valuable insights for future reef restoration programs and stakeholder initiatives.
Heavy Metal Accumulation and Ecological Risk on Seagrass Cymodocea and Thalassia in Pahawang Island, Indonesia Gusri, Ariqoh Athallah; Rozirwan, Rozirwan; Putri, Wike Ayu Eka; Melki, Melki; Isnaini, Isnaini; Nugroho, Redho Yoga; Mohamed, Che Abd Rahim
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.274-288

Abstract

Seagrass species thrive in coastal ecosystems and known for their ability to accumulate heavy metals from their surrounding environment. This study aims to evaluate the ecological risks related to the accumulation of heavy metals in seagrass roots, leaves, and sediments. The seagrass examined belong to the genera Cymodocea and Thalassia, collected from two sites: Jeralangan and Cukuh Nyai on Pahawang Island, Lampung, Indonesia. The heavy metals analyzed included Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn, which were measured using the wet destruction method and quantified with a SHIMADZU AA-7000 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The ecological risk was evaluated through various indices, such as the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), Translocation Factor (TF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (Cf), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The highest concentrations of heavy metals in sediment were detected at station 1 was Zn (15.486 mg.kg-1). In the roots of Cymodocea was Zn (8.772 mg.kg-1), while the highest concentration in leaves was Cu in Thalassia (10.541 mg.kg-1). The ecological risk assessment revealed that BCF < 1 categorize an excluder, while TF > 1 for Pb and Zn indicate effective translocation from roots to leaves. Additionally, Igeo < 0 signify no contamination, Cf < 1 indicate low pollution levels, and PLI < 0 confirm a non-polluted status. In conclusion, the results show that the seagrass ecosystems at the study sites currently have low levels of heavy metal pollution and minimal ecological risk, suggesting they remain in a relatively safe condition.
Mercury Concentrations in Fish Species from Can Gio Mangrove Reserve and Implications for Human Health Risk Le, Dung Quang; Bui, Thanh-Khiet L.
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.213-220

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) exposure in humans primarily occurs through fish consumption, making fish an important indicator of potential health risks. This study represents one of the first efforts to assess Hg levels in edible marine fish from Can Gio Mangrove Reserve (CGMR), Vietnam, providing essential baseline data for evaluating potential health risks to consumers. A total of 75 fish specimens were analyzed for mercury concentrations in their muscle tissue. Hg levels ranged from 0.02 to 0.61 mg.kg-1 dry weight, with an average concentration of 0.16 mg.kg-1 dry weight. Among the species studied, the large-eye croaker (Johnius plagiostoma) had the highest average mercury level (0.19 mg.kg-1 dry weight), followed by Reeve’s croaker (Chrysochir aureus) at 0.14 mg.kg-1, and Cynoglossus bilineatus with the lowest level at 0.12 mg.kg-1. A positive correlation was observed between mercury concentrations and body size in the large-eye croaker (R²= 0.54, P< 0.04). Despite this variation, the mercury levels in all three species were below the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Based on these findings, the study recommends that these fish should not be consumed more than 10 times per month, assuming a meal size of 0.227 kg, to ensure that mercury intake remains within safe limits and does not pose a health risk. The relatively low mercury levels in the fish sampled from CGMR suggest that the ecosystem is not currently a significant source of mercury contamination. However, the study highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring to detect potential changes in mercury levels, particularly in the face of increasing human activities in the region in future.
Habitat Suitability Modeling Based on Oceanographic Factors for Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Fishing Grounds in the Southern Waters of Java Semedi, Bambang; Diza, Novia Fara; Sari, Syarifah Hikmah Julinda; Wiadnya, Dewa Gede Raka; Lelono, Tri Djoko; Setyohadi, Daduk; Harlyan, Ledhyane Ika; Rahman, Muhammad Arif; Lee, Ming-An
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.163-173

Abstract

The southern waters of Java are suitable to be the largest supplier of Yellowfin tuna exports in Indonesia, but have not efficiently produced the expected yield. This research minimizes these constraints by modeling the yellowfin tuna fishing grounds in the southern waters of Java based on oceanographic factors such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (CHL_A), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), Sea Surface Height (SSH) using an integration between remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) statistical method. This study used oceanographic factor data from Aqua MODIS Level-3 and Copernicus, while yellowfin tuna fishery production was obtained from Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port (NFP), Cilacap Ocean Fishing Port (OFP), and Pondokdadap Coastal Fishing Port (CFP). The modeling process used 80% of the data, while the remaining 20% was used to validate the model results. The order of influence of oceanographic parameters from largest to smallest is SST > SSS > SSH > CHL-A. The best model from the GAM analysis showed that the combination of four oceanographic parameters had the greatest influence on yellowfin tuna CPUE. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) of yellowfin tuna was predicted to be high in May-October and low in November-April. The prediction model had high accuracy because most of the fishing activity was in the HSI 0.4-0.5 range and the RMSEP value was 0.63. Yellowfin tuna were suitable in habitats distributed from inshore to offshore in June and July, but less suitable in December.  

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