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ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08537291     EISSN : 24067598     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to published highest quality of research papers and review on all aspects of marine biology, marine conservation, marine culture, marine geology and oceanography.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 743 Documents
 70   71   72   73   74 
Simultaneous Occurrence of The White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Penaeus vannamei, Tegillarca granosa and Scylla serrata from Traditional Shrimp Ponds Sari, Dinda Lintang; Haryadi, Desrina; Mile, Haeruddin Daeng
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.1.43-52

Abstract

The White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a generalist virus and an important pathogen of white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farming in Indonesia. The shrimp farming system with inadequate biosecurity like the traditional polyculture system may facilitate the virus to infect the invertebrate live in the pond and expand its host and vector range. White leg shrimp (P. vannamei), blood cockles (Tegillarca granosa), and mud crabs (Scylla serrata) are widely used in polyculture aquaculture. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the occurrence of WSSV in these organisms. The main aim of this research was to determine whether WSSV existed in blood cockles and crabs cultivated with White leg shrimp. The survey was conducted in polyculture ponds in Morosari village and the surrounding area. The characteristic of both ponds was the sandy mud bottom and managed using traditional methods and there were no biosecurity measures implemented. A total of 33 organisms were collected, consisting of 20 blood cockles (T. granosa), 10 white leg shrimp (P. vannamei) and 3 mud crabs (S. serrata) were obtained from two traditional polyculture pond and coastal area of Morosari, Bedono, Demak. WSSV was detected using first step and nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). WSSV DNA from selected specimens were sequenced and aligned to the published WSSV sequence in the gene bank (NCBI) using BLAST application.  The result showed that WSSV existed in the three organisms tested in Morosari area, using first step and nested PCR. There is no clinical sign appearance on each sample. Alignment results showed 100 % identity with published VP28 WSSV protein.  All results concluded that WSSV was detected simultaneously in shrimp, blood cockle and crab in the study area.
Challenges in Molecular and Morphological Identification of Sponge Species in Raja Ampat Aisyah, Siti Zanuba; Zamani, Neviaty Putri; Cahyani, Ni Kadek Dita; Elfahmi, Elfahmi; Syafrizayanti, Syafrizayanti; Andriani, Yosie; Arafat, Dondy; Bashari, Muhammad Hasan; Hanif, Novriyandi; Sani, Lalu M. Iqbal; Ayu, Inna Puspa; Akbar, Nebuchadnezzar; Subhan, Beginer
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.1.115-125

Abstract

Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are a group of highly diverse, sessile, and filter-feeding basal metazoans, except spongillids. The majority of sponges are marine species that play an important role in benthic habitat by maintaining the stability of marine ecosystems through nutrient cycling, habitat provision, and bioerosion. However, marine sponges are not easily identifiable because of their lack of species-level distinctive morphological features, which limits efforts to monitor actual species biodiversity. Indonesia is home to approximately 850 identified species of marine sponges, and Raja Ampat archipelago of West Papua province is known for its exceptional marine biodiversity. Despite the species abundance, the exact number of sponges in the region is not well-documented due to the lack of specific studies providing comprehensive data on their diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a DNA barcoding analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene as a marker, combined with morphological analyses of 22 individuals collected in the waters of Waigeo, Mansuar, and Gam Islands in Raja Ampat. The results showed that 3 samples were identified at the species level (Halichondria sp. and Stylissa carteri) with good query cover and percent identity. This showed the possible presence of undescribed or cryptic species, suggesting a severe lack of reference data for both morphology and molecular analyses of marine sponges in the region. Consequently, the analysis showed the presence of a significant gap in the understanding of sponge biodiversity in Raja Ampat's waters.
Detection and Identification of Potentially Harmful Microalgal Species in Doreri Bay, Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia: A Preliminary Study Tururaja, Tresia Sonia; Bawole, Roni; Mogea, Rina A.; Murtihapsari, Murtihapsari; Manan, Jemmy; Kusuma, Aradea Bujana; Kolibongso, Duaitd
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.1.33-70

Abstract

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) frequently exhibit recurring patterns in specific locations and are often associated with significant environmental challenges, such as eutrophication. However, HABs have also been observed in areas with lower levels of eutrophication. This study aimed to detect and identify phytoplankton species responsible for blooms in the waters of Doreri Bay, with a particular focus on potentially harmful species (HABs). It represents the first attempt in this region to identify microalgal species. Field sampling was conducted during the southeast (dry) season of 2023 at nine stations across Doreri Bay. A total of 21 phytoplankton taxa, representing three classes were identified, with 14 taxa (66.7%) being potentially harmful. Phytoplankton cell densities ranged from 2.96 × 10⁴ cells L-1 to 1.22 × 10⁵ cells L-1, with an average density of 2.01 × 10⁴ cells L-1. The community was dominated by Diatoms, including Bacillaria spp., Coscinodiscus spp., and Rhizosolenia spp., and Cyanobacteria, mainly Trichodesmium spp. Two bloom patterns were observed: Cyanobacteria and Dinoflagellates dominated coastal areas, while Diatoms were more abundant in the outer bay. Correlation analysis revealed that temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were the primary environmental factors driving phytoplankton variability and growth in the shallow coastal waters of Doreri Bay. These findings suggest that the phytoplankton community structure in this region remains stable when environmental gradients stay within the tolerance thresholds of sensitive species. Conversely, potentially harmful algal blooms are likely to develop when these environmental gradients exceed the tolerance levels of more resilient species.
Biological Aspects of Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878 (Onuphidae, Polychaeta) Maintained at Different Salinity Levels Wibowo, Eko Setio; Atang, Atang; Setiyono, Eko; Hana, Hana; Simanjuntak, Sorta Basar Ida; Susilo, Untung; Sucharitakul, Phuping; Apriyanti, Yuni; Pamungkas, Joko
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.1.1-6

Abstract

Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878, is a tubicolous polychaete species widely used as fishing bait by local anglers in Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Little is known about its biological characteristics despite its ecological and economic importance. This study aimed to examine the survival rate, growth, metabolic rate, and osmoregulatory capacity of D. claparedii under different salinity conditions. The experiment was conducted using plastic containers (20 × 30 × 25 cm) filled with a muddy substrate and water at four salinity levels: 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppt, with each treatment replicated five times. The results showed that the survival rate of D. claparedii ranged from 87% to 93%, while its growth varied between 0.17 and 0.58 g. The metabolic rate, measured in terms of oxygen consumption, ranged from 0.201 to 0.467 mg·g-¹·h-¹. The  osmoregulatory capacity of the worms varied between 1.26 and 1.54 mOsm·kg-¹ solvent. Statistical analysis indicated that salinity did not significantly affect survival (p> 0.05). However, it significantly influenced growth, metabolic rate, and osmoregulatory capacity (p< 0.05). The results suggested that a 15–25 ppt salinity range was more favorable for the species, with 20 ppt being the most optimal level for its maintenance and growth. This study highlights the potential for cultivating D. claparedii under controlled conditions, providing a sustainable alternative to wild harvesting. As polychaete farming has been successfully implemented in several countries, similar efforts could be applied in Indonesia to support local fisheries while conserving natural populations.
Evaluation of Lead and Cadmium Concentrations in The Muscles of Four Fish Species from Ain Al-Ghazala Lagoon, Libya El-Mabrok, Mohammad; Alfergani, Eman Salem; Mohammed, Najlaa F.; Mohammed, Yahya A.; Muhammad, Aya I.; Majeed, Mariam A.
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.1.126-134

Abstract

Evaluation of lead and cadmium concentrations in the muscles of four fish species: Trigla lucerna, Lithognathus mormyrus, Siganus rivulatus, Liza saliens, collected from Ain AL-Ghazala Lagoon, eastern Libya, during the summer of 2022, were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the concentration of lead was ranged from 0.1485±0.0278 ppm in L. mormyrus to 0.2533±0.0044 ppm in L. saliens. The cadmium accumulation was ranged from 0.0004±0.000 to 0.0026±0.000 ppm in L. saliens, T. lucerna respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the condition factor and the concentration of lead and cadmium in L. saliens and cadmium in T. lucerna. And there was a negative significant correlation between lead and cadmium in T. lucerna, while S. rivulatus and L.saliens recorded a positive significant correlation. We found a positive significant relationship between fish length and metals only in S. rivulatus (Cd; R2:0.76, Pb; R2: 0.56) and a negative significant relationship between length and cadmium in L. saliens (R2:-0.69). The estimated daily intake results for lead and cadmium ranged between 0.1056 mg.day-1 to 0.1802 mg.day-1 and 0.0002 mg.day-1 to 0.00187 mg.day-1. The mean of target hazard quotients and total target hazard quotient are below 1.00, so no adverse health effects are expected. 
Litter Productivity Dynamics in Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Indonesia Kresnasari, Dewi; Zainuri, Muhammad; Muskananfola, Max Rudolf; Pribadi, Rudhi; Wiarta, Rinto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.1.152-162

Abstract

Mangrove litter is a critical component of the nutrient cycle, reflecting soil fertility and water quality within the mangrove ecosystem. This study investigates the dynamics of litter productivity in the Segara Anakan mangrove forest in Cilacap. The study area is divided into two locations with three points, with five litter traps installed at each point. Sonneratia caseolaris dominates vegetation characteristics at Station 1, while Station 2 has more diverse vegetation, including Sonneratia caseolaris, Aegiceras corniculatum, Acanthus ilicifolius, Derris trifoliata, Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia alba, and Avicennia marina. Sampling follows seasonal changes in Indonesia, covering June 2023 to March 2024. The primary data for this study include aboveground litterfall production, estimated using litter traps, and the litter layer on the forest floor collected through soil transects. Secondary data comprise weather measurements, including air temperature, rainfall, wind speed, and humidity. Litterfall and litter layer were collected four times: June (dry season), September (transition from dry to rainy season), December (rainy season), and March (transition from rainy to dry season). The results indicate a total litter productivity of 18.99 tonnes ha-1 yr-1. The lowest litter production was observed in September, while the highest was in March. Leaf litter contributed the most, accounting for 71.49%, followed by twigs at 19.19%, flowers/fruits at 8.31%, stipules at 0.62%, and the lowest portion from other unidentified materials at 0.39%. Litter productivity shows a strong correlation (0.99) with rainfall. The main factors influencing litter productivity include environmental factors, primarily rainfall, and physiological factors, such as flowering and fruiting phenology.
The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java Himawa, Daenk; Wirasatriya, Anindya; Kunarso, Kunarso; Wetchayont, Parichat
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.289-300

Abstract

This study examines the unclear role of wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping, along with the combined effects of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) trends on the warming rate of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) along the southern coast of Java. Using data from 1940 to 2023, we investigated how IOD, ENSO, Ekman transport, and Ekman pumping influence SST trends. Our results reveal a cooling trend in SST near the coast during the upwelling period and a warming trend across the entire area during the non-upwelling period. The cooling SST weakens the easterly winds passing through the coastal areas, reducing upwelling intensity, as indicated by the weakening of Ekman transport. However, Ekman pumping, another proxy for upwelling, shows a strengthening trend. Our comparison along coastal areas suggests that the increase in Ekman pumping is more robust than the decrease in Ekman transport, leading to an overall intensification of upwelling. Additionally, we observed positive trends in IOD and ENSO during the upwelling period. These trends significantly enhance the upwelling process and are responsible for the observed cooling trend in SST. Thus, while wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping plays a crucial role as a key process, its intensification is primarily driven by the trends in IOD and ENSO.
Variability of Marine Carbonate Systems in Seagrass and Coral Reef Ecosystems of Pari and Lombok Islands, Indonesia Afdal, Afdal; Bengen, Dietriech G.; Wahyudi, A’an Johan; Rastina, Rastina; Purwiyanto, Anna Ida Sunaryo; Prayitno, Hanif Budi; Hamzah, Faisal; Suteja, Yulianto; Adi, Novi Susetyo; Koropitan, Alan F.
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.221-236

Abstract

The increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions has induced significant physical and biogeochemical alterations in oceans worldwide, including warming, acidification, and oxygen depletion. Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable due to intensified human activities and terrestrial influences, resulting in increased coastal ocean acidification driven by atmospheric CO2 absorption and regional biological and anthropogenic processes. However, research on the collective impact of land-sea interaction and air-sea CO2 exchange on coastal ocean acidification in severely disturbed areas, such as the small islands of Lombok and Pari in Indonesia, remains limited. This study aims to investigate the daily fluctuations in marine carbonate systems and aragonite saturation (Ωarag) levels in the vicinity of seagrass and coral reef habitats in Pari Island and Sire Bay, Lombok. Seawater samples were collected from Sire Bay, Lombok, and the coastal waters of Pari Island to analyze the carbonate systems, CO₂ flux, and metabolic processes. The findings indicate that Pari Island's coastal waters are more susceptible to ocean acidification than Sire Bay, Lombok, showing significantly lower pH values and Ωarag (P<0.05), ranging from 7.60 to 8.00 and 1.04 to 2.54, respectively. This disparity arises from the decreased temperature and salinity in Pari Island's coastal waters during the northwest monsoon, coupled with the deteriorated state of the seagrass and coral reef ecosystems, altering the equilibrium of ecosystem productivity and calcification. The study underscores the necessity of adopting specific coastal management tactics to lessen the effects on fragile ecosystems, highlighting the urgency for additional studies to evaluate adaptive and conservation strategies to preserve coastal biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Modelling Migratory Pinch Points and Connectivity of Pygmy Blue Whale Using Circuit Theory: A Case Study of Savu Sea, Indonesia Jihadi, Muhammad Shulhan; Zainuri, Muhammad; Goff, Virginia Andrews-; Widiaratih, Rikha; Kunarso, Kunarso; Indrayanti, Elis
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.174-182

Abstract

Blue whale and their subspecies is an endangered whale species that needs to be conserved by protecting their important habitat and migration corridor. Research about designing and modelling blue whale habitat for marine protected area has been done many times. However, incorporation of connectivity in marine protected areas design and management has been limited due to the complexity of methods used to model connectivity, therefore the implementation among practitioners is inconsistent. An alternative method to model connectivity of pygmy blue whale habitat is discussed through a combination of maximum entropy model and circuit theory. The habitat suitability models were made using satellite-tagged pygmy blue whale data (2012-2016) and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface temperature, chlorophyll, salinity, bathymetry, and seafloor geomorphology for four season that is March-April-May (MAM), June-July-August (JJA), September-October-November (SON), and December-January-February (DJF). The habitat suitability model shows different importance of environmental variables in their preference of habitat in each season, with distance from slope as the most influential parameter during the migration season (54.4% for MAM, 37.8% for SON), mean climatological chlorophyll during winter (31%), and mean climatological sea surface temperature during summer (54.7%). Habitat suitability result were then used to model connectivity, assuming that the whales migrate during MAM and SON. The migration model from Omniscape showed some pinch point, such as Sumba-Sape strait, Alor strait, Rote strait, Ombai strait. These pinch points can be seen as corridors with high potential of pygmy blue whale migration or high connectivity, therefore this area could become priority for conservation.
Bioactive Properties of Commercially Cultivated Spirulina platensis in Indonesia: Evaluation of Anticancer and Antioxidant Potentials Tarman, Kustiariyah; Safithri, Mega; Saputra, Rahadita Maura Amanda; Silitonga, Ria Gusharani; Dwicesaria, Maheswari Alfira; Wong, Chen Wai; Setyaningsih, Iriani
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.301-310

Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a commercially cultivated cyanobacterium known for its rich bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and phycocyanin, which contribute to its antioxidant and anticancer properties. While previous studies focused on laboratory-grown strains, this study evaluates the total flavonoid and phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro anticancer effects of ethanol extracts from two commercial manufacturers (MA and MB). The antioxidant potential was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays, while cytotoxicity against A549 lung and HeLa cervical cancer cells was determined via MTT assays. Results indicated that MB exhibited higher flavonoid (12.52 ± 0.23 mg QE.g-1 DW) and phenolic content (19.10 ± 0.66 mg GAE.g-1 DW) than MA, correlating with stronger antioxidant activity (FRAP: 16.55 ± 0.1 µmol TE.g-1 DW vs. 11.1 ± 0.29 µmol TE.g-1 DW). DPPH inhibition reached 80.33% (MA) and 77.77% (MB). MB also demonstrated greater anticancer activity, with 28.31% inhibition in A549 cells at 100 ppm, compared to MA’s 20.6%, and 33.85% inhibition in HeLa cells at 50 ppm. Both extracts displayed preferential toxicity toward cancer cells over normal Chang cells, supporting their potential as safer alternatives to chemotherapy. This study confirms the dual therapeutic potential of commercially cultivated S. platensis as an antioxidant and anticancer agent, highlighting its applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Further research is recommended to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds responsible for its cytotoxic effects.

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