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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 530 Documents
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Aktivitas Dan Pemodelan Katalis Silikat Dari Abu Sekam Padi Untuk Konversi Heksana D. D. Anggoro
Reaktor Volume 09 No.1 Juni 2005
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5188.335 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.9.2.1-7

Abstract

Abu sekam padi  (Rice Hush Ash, RHA) apabila dikalsinasi pada suhu tinggi (500-600 0C) menghasilkan senyawa silikat yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk beragai proses kimia. Senyawa silikat merupakan senyawa terbesar penyusun abu sekam padi yaitu mencapai ±96,6%. Penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa silikat yang dihasilkan dari sekam padi s.ebesar 15%  dari berat sekam padi yang dikalsinasi. Untuk mengetahui struktur silikat yang dihasilkan maka dilakukan analisa dengan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dengan cara membandingkan diffractogram dari silikat murni . silikat yang dihasilkan kemudian diuji kemampuan daya perengkaha dan aromatisasinya sebagai katalis dalam reaksi heksana dengan menggunakan quartz tube reactor pada suhu 200-300 0C. Dari hasil XRD dapat disimpulkan bahwa abu sekam padi bias digunakan sebagai sumber silikat murni. Uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa  silikat yang dihasilkan dari abu sekam padi mempunyai potensi sebagai katalis untuk reaksi perengkahan dan aromatisasi.Kata kunci : abu sekam padi, silikat, perengkahan, aromatisasi
THE EFFECT OF TYPE ZEOLITE ON THE GAS TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF POLYIMIDE-BASED MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Ahmad Fauzi Ismail; Azeman Mustafa; Kang Li
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 2, Desember 2008
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1031.354 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.2.68-77

Abstract

The permeation rates of O2, N2, CO2 and CH4 has been studied for polyimide-polyethersulfone (PI/PES) blends-zeolite mixed matrix membranes synthesized in our laboratory. The study investigated the effect of zeolite loading and different zeolite type on the gas separation performance of these mixed matrix membranes. Frequency shifts and absorption intensity changes in the FTIR spectra of the PI/PES blends as compared with those of the pure polymers indicate that there is a mixing of polymer blends at the molecular level. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of pure and PI/PES blends membranes have showed one unique glass transition temperature that supports the miscible character of the PI/PES mixture. The PI/PES-zeolite 4A mixed matrix membrane with 25 wt % zeolite loading produced the highest O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of around 7.45 and 46.05, respectively.
Adsorbsi Logam Berat Limbah Cair Industry Kerajinan Kuningan Juana Menggunakan Camputran Betonit Dan Abu Sekam Padi N. Rokhati; A. Prasetyaningrum
Reaktor Volume 08 No.1 Juni 2004
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3258.914 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.8.1.29-32

Abstract

 Tingginya pertumbuhan industry kerajinan di Juana, diiringi dengan tingginya pencemaran oleh logam berat memberikan dampak yang sangat erbahaya, baik pada biota peraairan maupun terhadap kesehatan manusia. Hal ini disebabkan sifat tiksis dan akumulatif dari logam berat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan reduksi kandungan logam berat pada air limbah industri kuningan dengan cara adsorbs menggunakan campuran bentonit dan abu sekam padi. Proses penjerapan dilakukan dalam tangki berpengaduk (mixer settler) pada volum dan kecepatan pengadukan tetap serta sampel yang sama. Sedangkan perbandingan antara bentonit dengan abu sekam padi dan waktu penjerapan divariasi. Uji hasil dilakukan dengan analisa kadar logam Ni dan Mg (logam yang lain kadarnya terlalu kecil) terhadap limbah yang telah mengalami proses adsorbs dengan menggunakan AAS.  Berdasarkan uji hasil, diperoleh hasil penjerapan yang relatif baik pada perbandingan berat bentonit dan abu sekam padi 1:9, selama waktu penjerapan 90 menit, dengan efisiensi penjerapan logam Ni dan Mg masing0masing adalah 99,27% dan 89,76%.Kata kunci : adsorbs, bentonit, abu sekam
EKSTRAKSI TANNIN SEBAGAI BAHAN PEWARNA ALAMI DARI TANAMAN PUTRIMALU (MIMOSA PUDICA) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ORGANIK Tjukup Marnoto; Gogot Haryono; Dewi Gustinah; Fendy Artha Putra
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (208.452 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.1.39-45

Abstract

EXTRACTION OF TANNINS AS NATURAL DYES FROM PUTRIMALU (MIMOSA PUDICA) PLANT USING VARIOUS ORGANIC SOLVENTS. Public awareness on using natural dyes has encouraged the extraction of tannins from putrimalu. Extraction was performed continuously using a Soxhlet apparatus. The parameter studied was the influence of solvent polarity on the amount of tannin and mass transfer coefficient. Tannin was extracted from ten grams of dried putrimalu plants using polar solvents (ethanol, acetone and methanol) and a non-polar solvent (n-hexane). Extraction is considered complete when the concentration of tannins in the liquid is no longer changing with time. Liquid samples were withdrawn every 20 minutes interval for tannin analyses using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the maximum concentration of tannins in the extract (g/mL) when extraction were performed using n-hexane was 0.0031, acetone (0.016), methanol (0.0274) and ethanol (0.044). From extract yield and mass transfer coefficient point of views, it can be concluded that the best solvent is ethanol. The relationship between tannin concentration in the ethanol 96% solvent and the time was expressed in term of mathematical equations             CAL=1.046(1-e-0.0213t) with error was 3.6%. Where CAL is the concentration of tannins in the solvent (g/ml) and t is the extraction time (minutes).  Kesadaran masyarakat untuk kembali menggunakan bahan pewarna alami mendorong dilakukannya ekstraksi tannin dari putrimalu. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara kontinyu menggunakan alat Soxhlet. Parameter yang dipelajari adalah pengaruh polaritas pelarut terhadap ekstrak tannin dan koefisien transfer massa. Tannin diekstrak dari sepuluh gram tanaman putrimalu kering menggunakan pelarut polar (etanol, aseton dan metanol) dan pelarut non-polar n-heksana. Ekstraksi dianggap selesai jika konsentrasi tannin di dalam pelarut sudah tidak berubah. Tannin di dalam contoh cairan yang diambil setiap selang waktu 20 menit  dianalisis menggunakan Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi tannin maksimum (g/mL) yang terdapat dalam larutan yang mengandung ekstrak jika ekstraksi menggunakan n-heksana adalah 0,0031, aseton (0,016), metanol (0,0274) dan etanol (0,044). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditinjau dari perolehan ekstrak dan koefieisen perpindahan massa, maka pelarut yang terbaik adalah etanol. Hubungan antara konsentrasi tannin di dalam pelarut etanol 96% dan waktu dinyatakan dengan persamaan matematika: CAL=1,046(1-e-0,0213.t) dengan kesalahan 3,6%. Dimana CAL adalah konsentrasi tannin dalam pelarut (g/mL) dan t adalah waktu ekstraksi (menit)
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Doping Nitrogen (N) pada Material Fotokatalis Seng Oksida (ZnO) Terhadap Degradasi Limbah Zat Pewarna Tekstil Heri Sutanto; Eko Hidayanto; Muhammad Irwanto; Agus Romadhon; Yoyon Wahyono
Reaktor Volume 17 No.1 Maret 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (381.44 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.1.36-42

Abstract

Abstract THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN (N) DOPING IN PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL OF ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) ON DEGRADATION OF WASTE OF TEXTILES DYE. The textile industry produces 50% of the wasted dye and liquid waste which can cause damage to the river ecosystem. The results of synthesis and characterization of N-ZnO photocatalysts and its ability to degrade waste water of batik dye by identifying of the effect of nitrogen (N) doping on ZnO were reported in this paper. Synthesis of N-ZnO material was performed using sol-gel method at room temperature, then the solution was deposited on a glass substrate at 450oC with a spray coating method. N-ZnO was prepared by N doping with different percentages of 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9%, respectively. Degradation of dye waste was performed under UV radiation for 12 hours. The synthesis results show that thin layers have wurtzite polycrystalline structure with dominant orientation field (002). The addition of N doping causes the value of the energy band gap of ZnO to be smaller. The test results of photocatalysts show that the addition of doping N on ZnO does not have a significant influence on the percentage of degradation waste batik dye under UV light. The best ability of N-ZnO photocatalytic was obtained in 5% of N doping, and the degradation percentage, COD and BOD were 11.83%, 6.12% and 6.40% respectively. Keywords: degradation; N doped; ZnO photocatalyst; batik dye waste   Abstrak Industri tekstil menghasilkan 50% zat warna yang terbuang dan menjadi limbah dalam bentuk cair yang dapat mengakibatkan rusaknya ekosistem sungai. Pada paper ini dilaporkan hasil sintesis dan karakterisasi fotokatalis N-ZnO serta uji kemampuan fotokatalitiknya dalam mendegradasi limbah cair zat pewarna batik dengan mengidentifikasi pengaruh doping Nitrogen (N) pada ZnO. Sintesis material N-ZnO menggunakan metode sol-gel pada temperatur kamar, kemudian larutan dideposisi di atas substrat kaca pada temperatur 450oC dengan metode spray coating. Material N-ZnO dibuat dengan persentase doping N yang berbeda yaitu 0, 3, 5, 7, dan 9%. Degradasi limbah zat warna dilakukan dibawah radiasi sinar UV selama 12 jam. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa lapisan tipis mempunyai struktur polikristal wurtzite dengan bidang orientasi dominan (002). Penambahan doping N secara umum menyebabkan terjadinya pengecilan nilai celah pita energi ZnO. Hasil uji fotokatalitik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan doping N pada ZnO tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap persentase degradasi limbah cair pewarna batik dibawah cahaya UV. Diperoleh kemampuan uji fotokatalitik N-ZnO terbaik pada doping N sebesar 5% dengan nilai % degradasi sebesar 11,83%, COD 6,12% dan BOD 6,40%. Kata kunci: degradasi; doping N; fotokatalis ZnO; limbah pewarna batik .
CONVERSION OF PINEAPPLE JUICE WASTE INTO LACTIC ACID IN BATCH AND FED – BATCH FERMENTATION SYSTEMS Abdullah Mochamad Busairi
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 2, Desember 2008
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (99.628 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.2.98-101

Abstract

Pineapple juice waste contains valuable components, which are mainly sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Recently, lactic acid has been considered to be an important raw material for the production of biodegradable lactide polymer. The fermentation experiments were carried out in a 3 litres fermentor (Biostat B Model) under anaerobic condition with stirring speed of 50 rpm, temperature at 40oC, and pH of 6.00. Effect of feed concentration on lactic acid production, bacterial growth, substrate utilisation and productivity was studied. The results obtained from fed- batch culture fermentation showed that the maximum lactic acid productivity was 0.44 g/L.h for feed concentration of 90 g/L at 48 hours. Whereas the lactic acid productivity obtained from fed-batch culture was twice and half fold higher than that of batch culture productivity.  Buangan jus nanas mengandung komponen yang berharga terutama sukrosa, glukosa, dan fruktosa. Asam laktat adalah bahan baku yang terbaru dan penting untuk dibuat sebagai polimer laktat yang dapat terdegradasi oleh lingkungan. Percobaan dilakukan pada fermentor 3 liter (Model Biostat B) di bawah kondisi anaerob dengan kecepatan pengadukan 50 rpm, temperatur 40oC, dan pH 6,00. Pengaruh konsentrasi umpan terhadap produksi asam laktat, pertumbuhan mikroba, pengggunaan substrat dan produktivitas telah dipelajari. Hasil yang didapatkan pada fermentasi dengan menggunakan sistem fed-batch menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas asam laktat maksimum adalah 0.44 g/L,jam dengan konsentrasi umpan, 90 g/L pada waktu 48 jam. Bahkan produktivitas asam laktat yang didapat pada kultur fed-batch lebih tinggi 2,5 kali dari pada proses menggunakan sistem batch
Identification of Compounds Released During Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Using Pyrolysis-GC/MS Dieni Mansur; Sabar Pangihutan Simanungkalit
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 4 Desember 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (688.791 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.4.185-190

Abstract

Pyrolysis is one of thermochemical conversion to convert biomass into bio-oil. The higher energy content in bio-oil suggests its potential as a raw material in the production of energy, bio-fuels, and other chemicals. Pyrolysis of PKS and the chemicals released were studied using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) at 400-600°C. Prior to pyrolysis, thermogravimetry experiments were carried out to monitor the degradation temperature of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in the PKS. Degradation of hemicellulose occurred within a temperature range of 150-330°C, whereas the cellulose was degraded in temperatures range between 330-400°C. Degradation of lignin took place within a broad range of temperatures, which reached maximum at temperatures range of 200-500°C. Based on the Py-GC/MS results, pyrolysis of PKS at 400°C produced bio-oil that can be used as biofuel due to its high aromatic compounds but low carboxylic acids contents. Keywords: bio-oil; chemical; palm kernel shell; Py-GC/MS; thermogravimetry .
NON-DISSOLVED SOLIDS REMOVAL DURING PALM KERNEL OIL ULTRAFILTRATION Mubiar Purwasasmita; Petrus Benny Juwono; Aysha Mareta Karlina; Khoiruddin Khoiruddin; I Gede Wenten
Reaktor Volume 14, No. 4, OKTOBER 2013
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (300.96 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.4.284-290

Abstract

Performance of polypropylene hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane during non-dissolved solids (NDS) removal from palm kernel oil is investigated. The filtration is operated at difference feed temperature and pressure to study the effect of both parameters on membrane performance. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that polypropylene hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane can be used for palm kernel oil NDS removal. Temperature and trans-membrane pressure have proportional effect to permeate flux. In contrast, they have inverse effect to rejection of NDS. During the experiment, permeate fluxes and rejections of NDS varied from 3.4 to 8.7 L/m2.h and from 51% to 94%, respectively. The best operating conditions suggested are feed temperature of 30°C and TMP of 1 bar which produce the highest NDS rejection. In addition, the permeate quality can meet the requirement of standard NDS content even at its lowest rejection level which shows the remarkable performance of membrane filtration.
Kinetika Metanolisis Minyak Biji Kapuk dengan Katalisator Zeolit Kusmiyati kusmiyati; B. Murachman; I. M. Bendiyasa
Reaktor Volume 5 No.2 Desember 2001
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4056.77 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.5.2.48-53

Abstract

Minyak nabati dapat dikembangkan menjadi sumber energy alternatif pengganti bahan bakar berasal dari minyak umi dan gas alam. Reaksi metanolisis minyak biji kapuk dapat menghasilkan ester asam lemak dan gliserol. Metal ester asam lemak adalah bahan yang sangat potensial sebagai pengganti bahan bakar disel. Percobaan metanolisis minyak bbiji kapuk dan methanol dengan katalisator zeolit telah dilakukan dalam sebuah autoklaf yang dilengkapi dengan pengatur suhu, pengatur kecepatan pengadukan, dan pengukur tekanan. Percobaan pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa pada ratio minyak kapuk:methanol = 1:6 maka kecepatan reaksi mengikuti orde satu. Selanjutnya percobaandilakukan pada perbandingan tersebut, dengan penambahan katalis. Pada tiap percobaan suhu dan tekanan dijaga konstan, pengambilan sampel pertama pada saat suhu yang diinginkan tercapai dan selanjutnya sampel diambiltiap selang waktu 10 menit. Peubah yang dipelajari antara lain temperature, ukuran partikel, dan jumlah katalis terhadap konversi reaksi. Temperatur yang dipelajaripada range 90-130 0C, ukuran partikel zeolit 0,26 mm sampai 0,93 mm dan jumlah katalis 0 sampai 0,053 g/cm3. Berdasarkan model kinetika yang diajukan, maka tahanan difusi intrapartikel dapat diabaikan karena evektiveness factor mendekati 1. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh kecepatan difusi eksternal jauh lebih besar daripada kecepatan reaksi, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa sistem dipengaruhi rejim kimia. Nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi dapat dinyatakan dengan persamaan Arrhenius yaitu k= 2,708x103 e-10556/RT.Kata kunci : kinetika reaksi, metanolisis minyak disel
ALGORITMA MODULAR UNTUK SISTEM PROSES DENGAN RECYCLE - KEADAAN TUNAK PADA PERANGKAT LUNAK BEBAS BIAYA LISENSI Setia Budi Sasongko
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 2, Desember 2008
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (256.152 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.2.117-122

Abstract

Computer simulasion can be developed to comprehend a system process characteristic and can be used to train the operator of process. The first problem of programming is high price of the licence. Using the FOC (free of charge) software solve of the previous problem such as Scilab and Open Office which comparable with Matlab and Excel. The objectives of this article develop process system programming which has recycle system and user friendly programming. Modular algorithm programming is introduced to solve recycle process system. Graphical User Interface (GUI) also introduces to make user friendly programming. Execution of the program performs stable and correct results.

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